William Hale (British inventor)
William Hale | |
|---|---|
 William Hale, 1840s | |
| Born | 21 October 1797 |
| Died | 30 March 1870 (aged 72) |
| Known for | Invention of the rotary rocket |
William Hale (21 October 1797 – 30 March 1870),[1] was a British inventor and rocket pioneer.
Biography
[edit]
Hale was born in Colchester, England in 1797.[2] He was self-taught although his grandfather, the educator William Cole, is believed to have tutored him.[3] By 1827 he had obtained his first patent; he also won a first class Gold Medal of the Royal Society of Arts in Paris for his paper on ship propulsion using an early form of jet propulsion.[3]
Hale was inducted into the International Space Hall of Fame in 2004.[4]
Rocketry
[edit]In 1844, Hale patented a new form of rotary rocket that improved on the earlier Congreve rocket design. Hale removed the guidestick from the design, instead vectoring part of the thrust through canted exhaust holes to provide rotation of the rocket, which improved its stability in flight.[1]
These rockets could weigh up to 60 pounds (27 kg) and were noted for their glare and noise on ignition.
Hale rockets were first used by the United States Army in the Mexican–American War of 1846–1848. Although the British Army experimented with Hale rockets during the Crimean War of 1853–1856 they did not officially adopt them until 1867. In the American Civil War of 1861-1865 the Union forces deployed the Hale rocket launcher, a metal tube that fired 7-and-10-inch (18 and 25 cm) long spin-stabilized rockets up to 2,000 yards (1.8 km). It was only generally used by the U.S. Navy.[5]
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Smithsonian article on Hale rockets". Archived from the original on 18 August 2007.
- ^ "Hale, William". www.encyclopedia.com.
- ^ a b "International Space Hall of Fame biography of Hale".
- ^ "X-Prize Group Founder to Speak at Induction". El Paso Times. El Paso, Texas. 17 October 2004. p. 59 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ Andrews, Evan (1 September 2018). "8 Unusual Civil War Weapons". History. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
Bibliography
[edit]- Frank H. Winter, The First Golden Age of Rocketry: Congreve and Hale Rockets of the Nineteenth Century, (Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1990), p. 321 illus. ISBN 0-87474-987-5
External links
[edit]
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
 | This article about an engineer, inventor or industrial designer from the United Kingdom or its predecessor states is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |