Rinan

Rinan (Chinese: 日南; pinyin: Rìnán; Vietnamese: Nhật Nam), also rendered as Jih-nan, was the southernmost commandery of the Chinese Han dynasty. It was located in the central area of modern-day Vietnam between Quảng Bình and Bình Định provinces. It was administered by a local mandarin under direction from the capital of Jiaozhi at Leilou or Longbian (after c. AD 200) near modern Hanoi.^{[citation needed]} It was part of the territories briefly occupied by Trưng Trắc's rebellion forces in AD 39.

The concept of "Rinan" (lit "South of the Sun", referring to the Southern Hemisphere) was originally astronomical: above the Tropic of Cancer, the Chinese always faced south during religious ceremonies concerning the sun. In his Records of the Grand Historian, Sima Qian claimed the Qin dynasty had expanded so far as Rinan, where the houses faced north instead of south.^[1] The Han claimed this conceptual region as early as 111 BC upon their conquest of Nanyue^[2] but did not administer an actual district under the name until 48 BC.^[1]

Under the Western Han, it was recorded as having 14,000 households or about 69,000 people. Several embassies from Rome (Da Qin) during the 1st and 2nd centuries – including one from Marcus Aurelius in AD 166 – are recorded as having come via Rinan, presumably by sea via India.^[3]

In AD 264, during the division of Jiaozhou by the Emperor Jing of Wu, Rinan was placed under the new Jiaozhou.^[2]

Counties

Zhuwu
Bijing
Xijuan
Lurong (Lô Dung)
Xianglin (Tượng Lâm)

References

^ ^a ^b Trương Thái Du. "A New Approach on Old Issues of Ancient Vietnamese History". Institute of Vietnamese Studies. archived copy
^ ^a ^b Vu Dinh Dinh. "Cochinchina: Reassessment of the Origin and Use of a Westernized Place Name". The Writers Post, vol. 9, Jan & Jul 2007.
^ Hill, John E. Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dynasty, 1st to 2nd Centuries CE, pp. 27 ff. BookSurge (Charleston), 2009. ISBN 978-1-4392-2134-1.

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[TruD-1] Trương Thái Du. "A New Approach on Old Issues of Ancient Vietnamese History". Institute of Vietnamese Studies. archived copy

[Dinhdinh-2] Vu Dinh Dinh. "Cochinchina: Reassessment of the Origin and Use of a Westernized Place Name". The Writers Post, vol. 9, Jan & Jul 2007.

[3] Hill, John E. Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dynasty, 1st to 2nd Centuries CE, pp. 27 ff. BookSurge (Charleston), 2009. ISBN 978-1-4392-2134-1.

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v t e Provinces and commanderies of the Han dynasty (140 AD)
Sili	Henan Henei Hedong Hongnong Jingzhao Zuopingyi Youfufeng	Han provinces and commanderies in 219 CE
Yu Province	Yingchuan Runan Liang Pei Chen Lu
Ji Province	Wei Julu Changshan Zhongshan Xindu Hejian Qinghe Handan Bohai
Yan Province	Chenliu Dong Dongping Rencheng Taishan Jibei Shanyang Jiyin
Xu Province	Donghai Langya Pengcheng Guangling Linhuai
Qing Province	Jinan Pingyuan Le'an Beihai Donglai Qi
Jing Province	Nanyang Nan Jiangxia Lingling Guiyang Wuling Changsha
Yang Province	Jiujiang Danyang Lujiang Kuaiji Wu Yuzhang
Yi Province	Hanzhong Ba Guanghan Shu Jianwei Zangke Yuexi Yizhou Yongchang
Liang Province	Longxi Hanyang Wudu Jincheng Anding Wuwei Zhangye Jiuquan Dunhuang
Bing Province	Shangdang Taiyuan Xihe Yunzhong Dingxiang Yanmen
Shuofang Province	Shuofang Wuyuan Shang Xihe Beidi
You Province	Zhuo Guangyang Dai Shanggu Yuyang Youbeiping Liaoxi Liaodong Xuantu Lelang
Jiaozhi Province	Nanhai Cangwu Yulin Hepu Jiaozhi Jiuzhen Rinan
Full list (202 BC – 220 AD)

Counties

See also

References