Examine individual changes

'{{Short description|Croats and their descendants outside Croatia}} {{croats}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}} The '''Croatian diaspora''' ({{lang-hr|Hrvatsko iseljeništvo}} or ''Hrvatsko rasuće''<ref>{{Cite book|last=Vidmarović|first=Đuro|title=Hrvatsko rasuće: teme iz hrvatske dijaspore|language=hr|year=2009|publisher=Naklada Bošković|isbn=978-953-263-086-2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hrvatskarijec.rs/vijest/5650/Knjizevne-veze-domovine-i-rasuca/|language=hr|title=Književne veze domovine i rasuća|trans-title=Literary connections of homeland and diaspora|publisher=Hrvatska riječ|last=Bašić Palković|first=Davor|date=24 July 2020|access-date=4 July 2023|website=hrvatskarijec.rs}}</ref>) consists of communities of ethnic [[Croats]] and/or Croatian citizens living outside [[Croatia]]. Estimates on its size are only approximate because of incomplete statistical records and [[naturalization]], but (highest) estimates suggest that the Croatian diaspora numbers between a third<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hrt.hr/arhiv/hrvati_u_svijetu/upoznajte_hrvatsku/09_hrvati_u_svijetu/hrv_u_svijetu.html|title=Hrvati u svijetu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040629224715/http://www.hrt.hr/arhiv/hrvati_u_svijetu/upoznajte_hrvatsku/09_hrvati_u_svijetu/hrv_u_svijetu.html|archive-date=29 June 2004|language=hr|publisher=[[Croatian Radiotelevision]]}}</ref> and a half<ref name="HWC">{{cite web|url=http://crowc.org/english/about.asp?subcat=general|title=About Us|work=Croatian World Congress|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015203556/http://crowc.org/english/about.asp?subcat=general|archive-date=15 October 2007|quote=...4.5 million Croats and people of Croatian heritage live outside of the Republic of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina...}}</ref> of the total number of Croats. More than four million Croats live out of Croatia. The largest community outside Croatia are the [[Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina]], one of the [[Ethnic groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina|constituent nations]] of that country, amounting to about 545,000. The Croatian diaspora outside Croatia and [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] amounts to close to a million elsewhere in [[Europe]], and to about 1.7 million overseas. The largest overseas community is reported from the [[Croatian American|United States]] at 1,200,000, [[Croats of Chile|Chile]] at 400,000, and Argentina with 250,000 people.<ref name="Chile-Croatas, 400.000">{{cite web |url=http://www.domovina.cl/inmigrantes-otras.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702225324/http://www.domovina.cl/inmigrantes-otras.php |url-status=dead |title=Inmigración a Chile |website=Chilean-Croatian Cultural Corporation Domovina |access-date=7 October 2017 |archive-date=2 July 2015}}</ref> In Western Europe, the largest group is found in Germany. The German census reports 228,000 [[Croatian German|Croats in Germany]] {{as of|2006|lc=y}}, but estimates of the total number of people with direct Croatian ancestry (including [[German nationality law|naturalized German citizens]]) range as high as 500,000. There are also significant numbers of Croats in Australia (165,000) and New Zealand (up to 100,000).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hrvatski iseljenici u prekomorskim i europskim državama i njihovi potomci |url=https://hrvatiizvanrh.gov.hr/hrvati-izvan-rh/hrvatsko-iseljenistvo/hrvatski-iseljenici-u-prekomorskim-i-europskim-drzavama-i-njihovi-potomci/749 |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=template.gov.hr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=U inozemstvu živi preko 3.2 milijuna Hrvata. Objavljen popis, u ovim državama ih je najviše |url=https://www.poslovni.hr/hrvatska/u-inozemstvu-zivi-preko-3-2-milijuna-hrvata-objavljen-popis-u-ovim-drzavama-ih-je-najvise-4434426 |access-date=2024-04-14 |language=en-US}}</ref> <!-- ==Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina== {{main|Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina}} [[Image:Croatians from Bosnia.JPG|thumb|left|220px|Bosnian Croats celebrating a religious Mass (1901)]] Croats form one of the three [[Ethnic groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina|constituent nations]] in Bosnia and Herzegovina. They are frequently referred to as Bosnian Croats, but since the [[War in Bosnia and Herzegovina]] the number of Herzegovinian Croats exceeds the number in Bosnia. The Croats maintain an unofficial capital in [[Mostar]], with the city being home to the largest Croatian population.{{Citation needed|date=December 2012}} There is no precise data regarding Bosnia and Herzegovina's population since the last war. The UNHCR conducted an unofficial census in 1996, but the data has not been recognized. Ethnic cleansing within Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 1990s saw the vast majority of Croats move and take up residence in the [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]. It is estimated that there are approximately 600,000 Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to 2000 data from the [[CIA World Factbook]], Bosnia and Herzegovina is ethnically 14.3% Croat.<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bosnia-and-herzegovina/ CIA World Factbook: Bosnia and Herzegovina] 14.3% of a total population of 4,613,414 (July 2009 not including "Refugees and internally displaced persons" because they put Bosnian Croats together with other types.</ref> --> ==Statistics== [[File:Croatian people in the world.svg|thumb|400px|World map of the Croatian diaspora.<br>{{Legend|#000000|Croatia}} {{Legend|#002060|+ 100,000}} {{Legend|#004BB7|+ 10,000}} {{Legend|#5388DB|+ 1,000}}]] ===Europe=== ;Eastern and Southeastern Europe *{{flagcountry|Bosnia}} 544,780 (2013) *{{flagcountry|Serbia}} 39,107 (2021) *{{flagcountry|Montenegro}} 6,021 (2011) *{{flagcountry|Romania}} 4,842 (2021) ;Western and Central Europe<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hrvatski iseljenici u prekomorskim i europskim državama i njihovi potomci |url=https://hrvatiizvanrh.gov.hr/hrvati-izvan-rh/hrvatsko-iseljenistvo/hrvatski-iseljenici-u-prekomorskim-i-europskim-drzavama-i-njihovi-potomci/749 |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=template.gov.hr}}</ref> *{{flagcountry|Germany}} 500,000 (see [[Croats in Germany|Croatian German]]) *{{flagcountry|Austria}} 150,719<ref>[ftp://www.statistik.at/pub/neuerscheinungen/vzaustriaweb.pdf Census 2001]{{dead link|date=December 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} "Tabelle 5: Bevölkerung nach Umgangssprache und Staatsangehörigkeit", page 60 "''131,307 Croatians + 19,412 [[Burgenland Croats]] = 150,719. In the Austrian census, Burgenland Croats are separate from the main Croat group''."</ref> *{{flagcountry|Belgium}} 7,000 *{{flagcountry|Slovenia}} 35,642 (2002)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stat.si/popis2002/en/rezultati/rezultati_red.asp?ter=SLO&st=7|title=Statistični urad RS - Popis 2002|website=www.stat.si}}</ref> *{{flagcountry|Ireland}} 24,000 (2018)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thedubrovniktimes.com/news/croatia/item/6284-number-of-croatians-moving-to-ireland-increase-tenfold|title=Number of Croatians moving to Ireland increase tenfold - The Dubrovnik Times|last=Thomas|first=Mark|website=www.thedubrovniktimes.com|language=en-gb|access-date=2020-04-05}}</ref> *{{flagcountry|Switzerland}} 80,000 *{{flagcountry|France}} 40,000 *{{flagcountry|Hungary}} 25,730<ref>[http://www.nepszamlalas.hu/eng/volumes/06/00/tabeng/1/load01_10_0.html Hungary census] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110414085041/http://www.nepszamlalas.hu/eng/volumes/06/00/tabeng/1/load01_10_0.html |date=2011-04-14 }}</ref> *{{flagcountry|Italy}} 60,000 *{{flagcountry|UK}} 10,000 ([[2001 UK Census]])<ref name="OECD">{{cite web|url=http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/23/34792376.xls |title=Country-of-birth database |publisher=[[Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development]] |access-date=2008-09-20 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090617032129/http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/23/34792376.xls |archive-date=June 17, 2009 }}</ref> *{{flagcountry|Portugal}} 464 (Croatian citizens only, excluding people with double citizenship)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sefstat |url=https://www.sef.pt/pt/Documents/RIFA2022%20vF2a.pdf}}</ref> ;Northern Europe *{{flagcountry|Sweden}} 40,000 *{{flagcountry|Denmark}} 5,400<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://joshuaproject.net/countries/DA|title=Denmark &#124; Joshua Project|website=joshuaproject.net}}</ref> *{{flagcountry|Norway}} 3,909<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ssb.no/a/english/kortnavn/innvbef_en/arkiv/tab-2010-04-29-04-en.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101028091030/http://www.ssb.no/innvbef_en/tab-2010-04-29-04-en.html|url-status=dead|title=Table 4 Persons with immigrant background by immigration category and country background. 1 January 2010|archive-date=October 28, 2010|website=www.ssb.no}}</ref> *{{flagcountry|Finland}} 470 (Croatian citizens)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Sefstat|url=https://sefstat.sef.pt/Docs/Rifa2020.pdf}}</ref> ===Overseas=== ;Africa *{{flagcountry|South Africa}} 8,000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hic.hr/dom/227/dom08.htm|title=Dom i svijet - Broj 227 - Croatia klub u Juznoj Africi|first=Danijela|last=Nadj|website=www.hic.hr|access-date=30 January 2011|archive-date=28 March 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328134446/http://www.hic.hr/dom/227/dom08.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> ;North America *{{flagcountry|USA}} 1,200,000 (2021)<ref name="2007-American-Community-Survey">[http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-reg=ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201:524;ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201PR:524;ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201T:524;ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201TPR:524&-qr_name=ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201TPR&-ds_name=ACS_2007_1YR_G00_&-TABLE_NAMEX=&-ci_type=A&-redoLog=true&-charIterations=424&-geo_id=01000US&-geo_id=NBSP&-format=&-_lang=en S0201. Selected Population Profile in the United States] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20200212040524/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-reg=ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201:524;ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201PR:524;ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201T:524;ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201TPR:524&-qr_name=ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2007_1YR_G00_S0201TPR&-ds_name=ACS_2007_1YR_G00_&-TABLE_NAMEX=&-ci_type=A&-redoLog=true&-charIterations=424&-geo_id=01000US&-geo_id=NBSP&-format=&-_lang=en |date=2020-02-12 }}, Population Group: Croatian (109-110), Data Set: 2007 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates, Survey: American Community Survey.</ref> *{{flagcountry|Canada}} 133,965<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/Table.cfm?Lang=E&T=31&Geo=01&SO=4D|title=Ethnic Origin (247), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3) and Sex (3) for the Population of Canada|date=25 October 2017 }}</ref> ;South America<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-15 |title=Jutarnji list - Objavljeni novi podaci: Evo koliko Hrvata živi u inozemstvu i u kojoj ih državi ima najviše |url=https://www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/objavljeni-novi-podaci-evo-koliko-hrvata-zivi-u-inozemstvu-i-u-kojoj-ih-drzavi-ima-najvise-15439249 |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=www.jutarnji.hr |language=hr-hr}}</ref> *{{flagcountry|Argentina}} 250,000 *{{flagcountry|Bolivia}} 5,000 *{{flagcountry|Brazil}} 70,000 *{{flagcountry|Chile}} 400,000<ref>{{Cite web |last=Iturra |first=Leopoldo |date=2018-07-15 |title=¿Por qué los croatas son una colonia numerosa en Chile? |url=https://chile.as.com/chile/2018/07/15/tikitakas/1531610388_499596.html |access-date=2024-04-14 |website=Diario AS |language=es-cl}}</ref> *{{flagcountry|Ecuador}} 4,000 *{{flagcountry|Paraguay}} 41,502<ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://www.imin.hr/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Aktualno-stanje-i-projekcije.-Paragvaj_02.pdf|access-date=30 April 2023|title=Situación actual y proyecciones del desarrollo futuro de la población de origen croata en Paraguay|website=imin.hr|date=January 2023}}</ref> *{{flagcountry|Peru}} 6,000 *{{flagcountry|Venezuela}} 5,000 *{{flagcountry|Uruguay}} 5,000 ;Oceania *{{flagcountry|Australia}} 164,360 (2021)<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ancestry {{!}} Australia {{!}} Community profile|url=https://profile.id.com.au/australia/ancestry|access-date=2021-10-29|website=profile.id.com.au}}</ref> *{{flagcountry|New Zealand}} 2,550<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/dalmatians/page-7|title=The Encyclopedia of New Zealand - Story: Dalmatians|access-date=2013-04-13}}</ref> - 100,000(est.)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.voxy.co.nz/politics/carter-nz-celebrates-150-years-kiwi-croatian-culture/5/1618|title=Carter: NZ Celebrates 150 Years Of Kiwi-Croatian Culture|date=July 30, 2008|work=Voxy|publisher=Digital Advance Limited|access-date=2012-03-20|archive-date=31 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191231174022/http://www.voxy.co.nz/politics/carter-nz-celebrates-150-years-kiwi-croatian-culture/5/1618|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==Communities== ===United States=== {{main|Croatian American}} {{further|List of Croatian Americans}} [[File:Croatian men in club of town Joliet Illinois.jpg|thumb|230px|Group of Croatian men in the club of town [[Joliet, Illinois|Joliet in Illinois]]]] According to the 2005 US Community Survey, there are 401,208<ref>[http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-reg=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201:524;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR:524;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T:524;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR:524&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_&-TABLE_NAMEX=&-ci_type=A&-redoLog=true&-geo_id=01000US&-format=&-_lang=en S0201. Selected Population Profile in the United States] {{webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20200210222207/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm=y&-reg=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201:524;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR:524;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T:524;ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR:524&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201PR&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201T&-qr_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_S0201TPR&-ds_name=ACS_2005_EST_G00_&-TABLE_NAMEX=&-ci_type=A&-redoLog=true&-geo_id=01000US&-format=&-_lang=en |date=February 10, 2020 }}, Population Group: Croatian (109-110), Data Set: 2005 American Community Survey, Survey: American Community Survey</ref> Americans of full or partial Croatian descent. Croatians in Detroit first appeared around 1890, settling usually in the region of Russel. In [[Illinois]] the Croatians started concentrating mostly around Chicago. Although it was created a bit later, the Croatian settlement in Chicago became one of the most important ones in the United States. The settlement especially started developing after World War I and Chicago became the center of all Croatian cultural and [[political]] activities. It is calculated that there were roughly 50,000 Croats in Chicago in the 1990s, while there were altogether 100,000 Croats living in 54 additional [[Croats|Croatian]] settlements in Illinois. There is a significant Croat population also in [[Indianapolis]] that settled during the Yugoslav Wars of the 90's. Pittsburgh has always had a sizeable [[Croatian people|Croatian population]]. The headquarters of the [[Croatian Fraternal Union]] (CFU) - the oldest and largest Croatian organization in the United States - is located in the eastern suburb of Monroeville, PA, established in the 1880s. The CFU publishes a weekly newspaper, ''The Zajednicar Weekly'', in both English and Croatian. Most of the Croatians in [[Pittsburgh]] originally settled in the early 1900s on the city's North Side. A neighborhood centered on East Ohio Street along the Allegheny River between Millvale and the North Shore was named Mala Jaska after an area in Croatia (northwest of Zagreb). ===Canada=== {{main|Croatian Canadian}} Croatians reportedly immigrated to Canada as early as 1541 when two Croatians from Dalmatia served on the crew of Jacques Cartier's third voyage to Canada.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/croatians/|title=Croatian Canadians|last=Rasporich|first=Anthony W.|work=The Canadian Encyclopedia|access-date=2018-01-19}}</ref> There are approximately 114,880 [[Canadians]] of Croatian ethnic origin as reported in the 2011 National Household Survey. The Croatian community is present in most major Canadian cities (including [[Toronto]], [[Hamilton, Ontario|Hamilton]], [[Ottawa]], [[Winnipeg]], [[Vancouver]], [[Calgary]], [[Windsor, Ontario|Windsor]], and [[Montreal]], as well as [[Mississauga]] and [[Oakville, Ontario|Oakville]]) in the form of designated Croatian churches, parks, and other organizations. Notable Croatian Canadian organizations include the [[Croatian Fraternal Union]], the Croatian Canadian Folklore Federation (Vancouver), and the Croatian Canadian Cultural Centre (Calgary). Some of the more popular Croatian Canadian events are the [[Croatian-North American Soccer Tournament]] and the [[Canadian-Croatian Folklore Festival]]. Croatian Canadians have had a notable presence in the form of soccer teams all around Canada, one of the most famous clubs was the now defunct [[Toronto Metros-Croatia]], who are succeeded by [[Toronto Croatia]]. ===Bolivia=== {{main|Croatian Bolivians}} ===Chile=== {{main|Croatian Chilean}} {{See also|Tierra del Fuego gold rush}} [[Image:Ad-of-croat-cruiser-en-route-to-sth-america.jpg|thumb|150px|left|19th Century ad-poster of [[Croatia]]n ship ready to travel to [[South America]].]] '''[[Croats]]''' are an important ethnic group in [[Chile]]; they are citizens of Chile who were either born in Europe or are Chileans of Croatian descent deriving their [[Croats|Croatian]] ethnicity from one or both parents. Chile has one of the largest communities of ethnic [[Croats]] outside the [[Balkans|Balkans Peninsula]] and it is one of the most significant communities in the [[Croatian people|Croatian diaspora]] - second only to that which is found in the United States. They are one of the main example of successful assimilation of a non Spanish-speaking European [[ethnic]] group into Chilean society. Many successful entrepreneurs, scientists, artists and prominent politicians holding the highest offices in the country have been of Croatian descent. The Croatian community first established itself in two provinces situated in the extreme ends of [[Chile]]: [[Antofagasta]], in the [[Atacama]] desert of the north and [[Punta Arenas]] in the [[Patagonia]]n region in the south. The massive arrival of Croats in Chile began in 1864 and the migration grew steadily until 1956 – reaching a number of more than 60,000.<ref name="Croacia y Chile: DUBROVNIK, EL ÚLTIMO BALUARTE">{{cite web|title= Croacia y Chile: DUBROVNIK, EL ÚLTIMO BALUARTE|publisher=hrvatskimigracije.es.tl|date=2008-04-10|url=http://hrvatskimigracije.es.tl/Croacia-y-Chile.htm?PHPSESSID=36d25ef77c698e5bfe8d0f7257c3e71c|access-date=2009-04-03}}</ref> It is officially accepted that there are up to 500,000 [[Croatian Chilean|Chileans of Croatian descent]] (who clearly identify themselves as Chilean-Croats).<ref name="croata">{{cite web|url=http://hrvatskimigracije.es.tl/Diaspora-Croata.htm|title=www.Hrvatskiimigracije.es.tl - Diaspora Croata|website=hrvatskimigracije.es.tl}}</ref> ===Argentina=== {{main|Croatian Argentine}} [[Image:Monumento al Inmigrante, Rosario 1.jpg|thumb|right|160px|A statue honoring the immigrants, in [[Rosario]].]] Argentines of Croatian descent number over 250,000.<ref name="croata"/> The most successful of all the Croats in Argentina was also one of the first to arrive. Nikola Mihanović came to [[Montevideo|Montevideo, Uruguay]] in 1867. Having settled in [[Buenos Aires]], by 1909 Mihanović owned 350 vessels of one kind or another, including 82 steamers, owning, in that time, the biggest boat company in Argentina. By 1918, he employed 5,000 people, mostly from his native [[Dalmatia]] which was then under [[Austro-Hungarian]] and Italian rule. Mihanović by himself was thus a major factor in building up a Croatian community which remains primarily Dalmatian to this day, although it contains people from other Croatian regions. The second wave of Croat immigration was far more numerous, totalling 15,000 by 1939. Mostly peasants, these immigrants fanned out to work the land in [[Buenos Aires province]], [[Santa Fe Province|Santa Fe]], [[Chaco Province|Chaco]] and [[Patagonia]]. This wave was accompanied by a numerous clergy to attend their spiritual needs, especially [[Franciscans]]. If the first two waves had been primarily economic, the third wave after the Second World War was eminently political. Some 20,000 Croatian political refugees came to Argentina, and most became construction workers on Peron's public works projects until they started to pick up some Spanish. Today, many descendants of the Croatian immigrants still know Croatian, although different than the modern-day Croatian language.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/casamirror/easteurope.htm|title=Redirect easteurope|website=myweb.tiscali.co.uk|access-date=2009-04-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002047/http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/casamirror/easteurope.htm|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Paraguay=== The largest number of Croats arrived in Paraguay between 1860 and 1920. In those years, Croats emigrated mainly from the Dalmatian coast, predominantly from southern Dalmatia (islands and Boka Kotorska). Their main motivation for emigration was economic. The first Croat in Paraguay was Ivan the Baptist Marchesetti, a missionary of the Society of Jesus, a native of Rijeka, who served in the Jesuit missions in Paraguay from 1757 until his death in Paraguay (1767). Most of the Croats living in Paraguay are descended from these early immigrants. In the beginning, they were engaged in trade, pharmacy, small trades, mechanical works, gunsmiths, river navigation, rural jobs such as selling wood, construction, animal husbandry, professional jobs, etc. According to the statistical study "Current situation and projections of the future development of the population of Croatian origin in Paraguay", approximately 41,502 Croatian descendants live in the Republic of Paraguay in 2022.<ref name="auto"/> The majority of Croats settled in urban and semi-urban areas, some were landowners, lumberjacks, wholesalers. Croats and their descendants were scattered in all areas of the country, and according to our demographic study by place of birth, the largest number of Croatian descendants live in the eastern part of the country. The largest number of Croats live in the cities of Asunción, Concepción, Encarnación, San Lorenzo, Luque, Presidente Franco and the surrounding areas of each of them. ===Colombia=== The Croatian community is present in most major Colombian cities, including [[Bogota]], [[Cali]] and [[Barranquilla]]. There are approximately 5,800 [[Colombians]] of Croatian ethnic origin as reported. ===Venezuela=== {{main|Croatian Venezuelans}} Croatian immigration to Venezuela dates back to the late nineteenth century, and was characterized by the individual arrival of merchant seamen. Until [[World War I]], only a few Croats settled in Venezuela, nevertheless it was in the period of [[World War II]] when the Croatian families that escaped from the [[President of Yugoslavia|government of Tito]] began to settle in the country. Most of these immigrants came from present-day Croatian territory, particularly from the coastal and inland areas of [[Dalmatia]]. Others came from [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Banko |first1=Catalina |title=Un refugio en Venezuela: los inmigrantes de Hungría, Croacia, Eslovenia, Rumania y Bulgaria |trans-title=A shelter in Venezuela: the immigrants from Hungria, Croacia, Eslovenia, Rumania and Bulgaria |language=es |journal=Tiempo y Espacio |date=June 2016 |volume=26 |issue=65 |pages=63–75 |url=http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1315-94962016000100005 }}</ref> The majority of the members of the Croatian community settled in [[Caracas]] and [[Valencia, Venezuela|Valencia]] and, to a lesser extent, in other cities of the interior: [[Maracay]], [[Maracaibo]], [[Mérida, Mérida|Mérida]] and in localities of the [[Yaracuy]] state, where some joined the work in the sugar industry.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Arandia|title=Los croatas en Venezuela y la medicina natural|url=http://vozdecroacia.hrt.hr/nuestras-noticias/individual-noticias/croacia-hoy-magazin/croacia-hoy-magazin-2016-02-14/|website=Hrvatska radiotelevizija|access-date=23 January 2017|language=es}}</ref> Also, several forest technicians arrived that later contributed to the establishment of the School of Forestry Engineering at the [[University of the Andes, Venezuela|University of the Andes]]. A large percentage of the Croatians were artisans, who later became small entrepreneurs, and many were professionals, especially engineers and technicians, who had outstanding performance in Venezuela.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Ministerio de Agricultura y Cría (1936-1958)|title=Memoria|date=1960|location=Caracas|language=es}}</ref> ===Australia=== {{main|Croatian Australians}} [[Croatia]] has been a significant source of [[Immigration|migrants]] to Australia, particularly in the 1960s and 1970s. In 2016, 133,264 persons resident in Australia (0.6%) identified themselves as having a [[Croatian people|Croatian ancestor]]. In 2006, there were over 50,000 Croatian-born Australians, with 70% arriving before 1980. This community is quickly ageing and almost half of Croatian-born Australians were over the age of sixty in 2006. However, [[Croatian language]] and culture continues to be embraced amongst younger generations and descendants of post-war immigrants. In 2001, the [[Croatian language]] was spoken by 69,900 people in Australia. [[File:Alojzije Stepinac Melbourne 17112011.jpg|thumb|190x190px|Bust of Aloysius Stepinac, Croatian cardinal, in Clifton Hill]] The vast majority of Croatians in Australia are Christians, mostly [[Catholic Church in Croatia|Catholics]] while there are [[Protestantism|Protestant]], [[Greek Catholic Church of Croatia and Serbia|Greek Catholic]] and [[Seventh-day Adventist Church|Seventh-Day Adventists]], as well as a small minority adhering to [[Islam in Croatia|Islam]]. There are Croatian-speaking Catholic congregations in most major cities. In [[Melbourne]], there are congregations in [[Sunshine West, Victoria|Sunshine West]], [[Ardeer, Victoria|Ardeer]], [[Braeside, Victoria|Braeside]] and [[Clifton Hill, Victoria|Clifton Hill]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Catholic Archdiocese of Melbourne {{!}} Home {{!}} The Catholic…|url=https://melbournecatholic.org/|access-date=2021-10-29|website=The Catholic Archdiocese of Melbourne|language=en-AU}}</ref> while in [[Sydney]] there are congregations in [[Blacktown]], [[St Johns Park, New South Wales|St John's Park]], [[Summer Hill, New South Wales|Summer Hill]], [[Mona Vale, New South Wales|Mona Vale]], [[Botany, New South Wales|Botany]], [[Chatswood West, New South Wales|Chatswood West]] and [[South Hurstville, New South Wales|South Hurstville]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney|url=https://www.sydneycatholic.org/|access-date=2021-10-29|website=Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney|language=en-AU}}</ref> In [[Adelaide]], there are Croatian-speaking congregations in [[North Adelaide]] and [[Adelaide city centre|Adelaide CBD]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Catholic Archdiocese of Adelaide - Home|url=https://adelaide.catholic.org.au/|access-date=2021-10-29|website=adelaide.catholic.org.au}}</ref> and in [[Canberra]] and rural New South Wales there are regular services at [[Farrer, Australian Capital Territory|Farrer]], [[Evatt, Australian Capital Territory|Evatt]] and [[Batemans Bay]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://cgcatholic.org.au/|access-date=2021-10-29|website=The Catholic Archdiocese of Canberra & Goulburn|language=en-AU}}</ref> [[Balcatta, Western Australia|Balcatta]] and [[North Fremantle, Western Australia|North Fremantle]] host Croatian services in [[Perth]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=- Home|url=http://www.perthcatholic.org.au/Home.htm|access-date=2021-10-29|website=www.perthcatholic.org.au}}</ref> St Nikola Tavelic Church in [[Clifton Hill, Victoria|Clifton Hill]] is an important religious and cultural centre for Melbourne's Croatian community. There is a Croatian [[Australian Union Conference of Seventh-day Adventists|Seventh-Day Adventist]] congregation located in [[St Albans, Victoria|St Albans]], in Melbourne's western suburbs as well as one in [[Springvale, Victoria|Springvale]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=Victorian Adventist Conference|url=https://vic.adventist.org.au/|access-date=2021-10-29|language=en-AU}}</ref> while there is also Croatian Adventist congregation in [[Dundas, New South Wales|Dundas]] - in Sydney's north-west. In addition, Melbourne's local [[Islam in Croatia|Croatian Muslim]] community has established the Croatian Islamic Centre in [[Maidstone, Victoria|Maidstone]] also in Melbourne's west. These Muslims are descendants of those who converted to Islam after the [[Ottoman wars in Europe|Ottoman conquest of the Balkans]]. Melbourne's 35,000 Croatians were initially concentrated in the inner suburbs though now most live in the Western suburbs particularly in the [[City of Brimbank]] where a Croatian mayor (Brooke Gujinovic) was elected in 1999. There are around 90 Croatian sporting, religious or cultural clubs or organisations operating in Melbourne. In Sydney, there are over 30,000 Croatians, with a large concentration residing in [[St Johns Park, New South Wales|St John's Park]] and surrounding suburbs. Furthermore, there is a high concentration of Croatians in [[Geelong]], where the community has a significant influence, particularly in [[Bell Park, Victoria|Bell Park]] where over 15% of the population speaks Croatian at home. It is likely that the first Croat in Sydney was Stefano Posich who was born in [[Croats of Italy|Sicily to Croatian parents]] and migrated to Australia in 1813. Croats first immigrated to Australia during the [[Victorian gold rush]] of the 1850s. During this time, Croats were counted as Austrians because much of Croatia was a part of the [[Habsburg monarchy|Habsburg Empire]]. Croatians were not recorded separately (from other [[Yugoslavs]]) until the 1996 Census. In 1947, at least 5,000 Croatians were residing in Australia - mainly from the coastal region of [[Dalmatia]]. Between 1890 and World War II, at least 250 Croatians settled in Melbourne. Since then, thousands of Croatians have arrived after World War II as displaced persons or economic migrants. Many Croatians found work in manufacturing and construction. a substantial amount of Croats came to Australia during the 1960s and 1970s due to high unemployment, limited economic opportunities and anti-Croatian sentiment in Yugoslavia - many of these immigrants came to Australia under family reunion programs. Many Croatian Australians were born in former Yugoslav states such as Bosnia and Herzegovina. [[File:Croatian Embassy in Canberra.JPG|thumb|Croatian embassy in Canberra]] Croatian people are visible in all parts of Australian society, but they have made a big impact in the sporting arena with many football clubs being formed by immigrants, two of the more famous and most successful being [[Melbourne Knights FC]] and [[Sydney United]]. Both clubs have played in Australia's top league the [[National Soccer League|NSL]] and Melbourne Knights winning the championship back to back in the season 1994/5 and 1995/6. [[Sydney United]] has produced the largest number of full Australian internationals. The Croatian community holds the [[Australian-Croatian Soccer Tournament]] which has been held annually since 1974. It is the largest 'ethnic' based soccer competition in Australia as well as the oldest national soccer competition in the nation. Some famous Croatian-Australian football players to represent Australia are [[Mark Viduka]], [[Jason Čulina]], [[Mark Bresciano]], [[Zeljko Kalac]], [[Josip Skoko]], [[Tony Popovic]] all who ironically lined up against Croatia in the [[2006 FIFA World Cup|2006 World Cup]] in Germany, playing against Australian-born Croatian international [[Josip Šimunić]]. A total of 47 Croatian Australians have gone on to play for the Australian national team, including 7 who captained the national team. Other notable Croatian Australians include actor [[Eric Bana]], former Archbishop of Adelaide [[Matthew Beovich]], politician [[John Tripovich]], rugby league coach and former player [[Ivan Cleary]], tennis player [[Jelena Dokic]] and television presenter [[Sarah Harris (journalist)|Sarah Harris]] amongst others. Since [[Independence of Croatia|Croatian independence]] in the 1990s, an official embassy has been opened in Canberra while consulates have been established in Melbourne, Sydney and Perth. ===New Zealand=== {{main|Croatian New Zealander}} The first Croat to settle in [[New Zealand]] is believed to be Pauvo Lupis (Paul) who deserted his Austrian ship in the late 1800s. Although Croats had contact with New Zealand and a few had settled the proper [[Human migration|migration]] waves began when the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]] allowed Italian wine and oil into the Empire's territories for a substantially less duty, thus rendering peasants and farmers bankrupt. This treaty was the beginning of many events which causes migration mainly from [[Dalmatia]]. There were 5,000 migrants of Croatian descent between 1890 and 1914, prior to World War I. A further 1,600 migrated during the 1920s before the onset of the Great Depression. Another 600 in the 1930s, prior to World War II. Between 1945 and 1970, 3,200 migrated to New Zealand. Arrivals during the 1990s fled the [[Yugoslav Wars|conflict in former Yugoslavia]]. The main destination for settlers was the [[Northland Region|Northland]] gum fields where the young boys were sent to dig [[Kauri]] tree gum from swamps. Until the 1950s, the gum was used to varnish wooden furniture and the likes. Here on these fields, Croats were treated as outcasts by the British Empire and called 'Austrians' because of the passport they carried. They were looked at with suspicion, mainly because they would share profits and send money back to their villages in [[Dalmatia]]. Many British settlers who worked the same fields resented the Dalmatian gum-diggers, whom they nicknamed "Dallies", a term which is still occasionally used. On these fields as outcasts, the [[Croats|Croatian]] immigrants were thrown together with the other outcasts, the native [[Māori people]] who having many of the same view points and coming from villages themselves got on extremely well. Many Croatian men married [[Māori people|Māori]] women as they came to New Zealand as bachelors before a bride could be sent from their home village. The local [[Māori people|Maori]] called them ''[[Tarara (Croatian New Zealander)|Tarara]]'' because they spoke in [[Croatian language|Croatian]] very fast. Many Māori nowadays refer to themselves as Tarara and carry Croatian family names. [[Miss New Zealand International|Miss New Zealand]] 2010 [[Cody Yerkovich]] (spelled in Croatian as [[Jerković]]) is an example of the Māori Croatian mix Tarara. In modern times Croatian immigrants have continued to arrive, with many starting their own business with the abundance of good soil and land. Many turned to work similar to what they did back in [[Dalmatia]], such as vineyards, orchards and fishing. Some notable companies in the wine industry are Delegat, Nobilo, Selak, Villa Maria, Montana and Kuemue River Wines, all owned by Croatian families. In fishing there are two big companies, the first being Talley's Seafood founded in 1936, by Ivan Peter Talijancich (spelled Talijančić in Croatian) established Talley's in [[Motueka]], New Zealand, and the second being Simunovich (spelled Šimunović in Croatian) Fisheries Limited which has thrived and become a large company from deep sea scampi. In sport many small clubs and associations have come and gone, but [[Central United]] formerly Central Croatia SC formed in 1962 is still going to this day. The football club, formed by a group of young Croatian immigrants from Dalmatia, played initially in the lower division of the Northern League before rising to become one of New Zealand's top football clubs by the late 1990s. Central United FC were the New Zealand champions in 1999, 2001 and were runner-up in 1998. Central United FC also won the Chatham Cup in 1997, 1998, 2005 and 2007 and were runners-up in 2000 and 2001. Their home ground is at [[Kiwitea Street|Kiwitea Street Stadium]], in [[Sandringham, New Zealand|Sandringham]] ([[Auckland]]). Some notable former players are: *[[Chris Zoricich]] *[[Ivan Vicelich]] - New Zealand's most capped international. *[[Luka Bonačić]] -Ex-[[Hajduk Split]] player and coach. Other notable New Zealanders of Croatian descent include singer [[Lorde]] (real name Ella Yelich-O'Connor), historian [[James Belich (historian)|James Belich]], golfer [[Frank Nobilo]], rugby player [[Frano Botica]], motor racing drivers [[Robbie Francevic]] and [[Paul Radisich]], tennis player [[Marina Erakovic]], architect [[Ivan Mercep]], artist [[Milan Mrkusich]], and musicians [[Peter Urlich|Peter]] and [[Margaret Urlich]]. ==See also== * [[Croatian Argentines]] * [[Croatian Australians]] * [[Burgenland Croats]] (Austria) * [[Croats of Belgium]] * [[Croatian Bolivians]] * [[Croats of Bosnia and Herzegovina]] * [[Croatian Canadians]] * [[Croatian Chileans]] * [[Croats in the Czech Republic]] * [[Croats in Germany]] * [[Croats of Hungary]] * [[Croats of Italy]] * [[Molise Croats]] (Italy) * [[Croats in North Macedonia]] * [[Croatian Mexicans]] * [[Croats of Montenegro]] * [[Croatian New Zealanders]] * [[Croatian Peruvians]] * [[Krashovani]] (Romania) * [[Croats of Serbia]] * [[Croats in Slovakia]] * [[Croats of Slovenia]] * [[Croats in Sweden]] * [[Croats of Switzerland]] * Ukraine [[White Croats]] * [[Croatian Americans]] (USA) * [[List of Croatian Americans]] (USA) * [[Croatian Venezuelans]] * [[Croatian Heritage Foundation]] / Hrvatska matica iseljenika ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== * [https://www.croatiaweek.com/50-famous-people-with-croatian-heritage/ 50 famous people with Croatian heritage] ''Croatia Week''. Published March 3, 2018. Access date June 30, 2020. {{Croatian diaspora}} [[Category:Croatian diaspora| ]]'