Saccopharynx

Saccopharynx
	Saccopharynx ampullaceus. From plate 49 of Oceanic Ichthyology by George Brown Goode and Tarleton Hoffman Bean, published 1896.
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Anguilliformes
Suborder:	Anguilloidei
Family:	Saccopharyngidae; Bleeker, 1859
Genus:	Saccopharynx; Mitchill, 1824
Type species
	Saccopharynx ampullaceus; Harwood, 1827
Species
	See text

Saccopharynx is a genus of deep-sea eels with large mouths, distensible stomachs and long, scaleless bodies. Commonly, these fish are called gulpers or gulper eels. It is the only genus in the family Saccopharyngidae, and is part of the derived lineage of the "saccopharyngiforms," which includes other mid-water eel species. The name is from Latin saccus meaning "sack" and Greek φάρυγξ, pharynx.

They are generally black in color, and can grow to lengths of 2 m (6.5 feet). They have been found at depths of 1,800 metres (5,900 ft), and are known to inhabit the eastern and western Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf Stream.^[1] Their tails are tipped by a luminous, bulb-shaped organ. The exact purpose of this organ is unknown, although it is most likely used as a lure, similar to the esca of anglerfish. The Saccopharynx diet mostly consists from crustaceans and smaller fish. It has a stretchy stomach that can hold large meals, which is very useful in the deep sea, where food is hard to come by.

Species

The genus has ten recognized species:^[2]

Saccopharynx ampullaceus Harwood, 1827 (Gulper eel)
Saccopharynx berteli Tighe & J. G. Nielsen, 2000
Saccopharynx harrisoni Beebe, 1932
Saccopharynx hjorti Bertin, 1938
Saccopharynx lavenbergi J. G. Nielsen & Bertelsen, 1985
Saccopharynx paucovertebratis J. G. Nielsen & Bertelsen, 1985
Saccopharynx ramosus J. G. Nielsen & Bertelsen, 1985
Saccopharynx schmidti Bertin, 1934 (Whiptail gulper)
Saccopharynx thalassa J. G. Nielsen & Bertelsen, 1985
Saccopharynx trilobatus J. G. Nielsen & Bertelsen, 1985

References

^ Böhlke, Eugenia B.; Böhlke, James E.; Leiby, Mark M.; McCosker, John E.; Bertelsen, E.; Robins, Catherine H.; Robins, C. Richard; Smith, David G.; Tighe, Kenneth A. (1989). Orders Anguilliformes and Saccopharyngiformes: Part 9, Volume 1. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-1-933789-19-4. JSTOR j.ctvbcd0dm.
^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Family Saccopharyngidae". FishBase. December 2019 version.

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[1] Böhlke, Eugenia B.; Böhlke, James E.; Leiby, Mark M.; McCosker, John E.; Bertelsen, E.; Robins, Catherine H.; Robins, C. Richard; Smith, David G.; Tighe, Kenneth A. (1989). Orders Anguilliformes and Saccopharyngiformes: Part 9, Volume 1. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-1-933789-19-4. JSTOR j.ctvbcd0dm.

[FishBase-2] Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Family Saccopharyngidae". FishBase. December 2019 version.

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