SS The Emerald

The Emerald in 2008
History
Name	1958–1976: Santa Rosa 1976–1990: Samos Sky 1990: Pacific Sun 1990–1992: Diamond Island 1992–1996: Regent Rainbow 1996–2012: The Emerald 2012: Emerald
Owner	1958–1970: Grace Line 1970–1975: Prudential-Grace Line 1975–1976: U.S. Department of Commerce 1976–1989: Vintero Corp. 1989–1992: Lelakis Group 1992–1996: Regency Cruises 1996–2012: Louis Cruise Lines
Operator	1958–1970: Grace Line 1970–1971: Prudential-Grace Line 1971-1992: Laid up 1992–1995: Regency Cruises 1997–2008: Thomson Cruises 2008–2009: Louis Cruise Lines 2009-2012: Laid up
Port of registry	1997–1998: Nassau,  Bahamas 1998–2002: Limassol,  Cyprus 2002: Nassau,  Bahamas[1] 2009–2012: Pireus,  Greece 2012: Basseterre,  Saint Kitts and Nevis
Builder	Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock[2]
Cost	US $25 million
Yard number	521[3]
Laid down	January 15, 1957[4]
Launched	August 28, 1957
Completed	June 19, 1958
Maiden voyage	June 28, 1958
Out of service	2009
Identification	Call sign: V4MR2 IMO number: 5312824 MMSI number: 239942000
Fate	Scrapped in 2012
General characteristics (as built)
Type	Ocean liner
Tonnage	15,371 GRT[5]
Length	177.88 m (584 ft)[6]
Beam	25.6 m (84 ft 0 in)
Speed	17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph)
Capacity	546 passengers
General characteristics (1991 onwards)
Type	Cruise ship
Tonnage	26,431 GRT 8,713 DWT[7]
Capacity	1,198 passengers
Crew	412

SS The Emerald was a cruise ship owned by Louis Cruise Lines (now Celestyal Cruises). She was built in 1958 by the Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock company in Newport News, Virginia, United States, for the Grace Line, as the ocean liner Santa Rosa. Between 1992 and 1995, she sailed for Regency Cruises as Regent Rainbow and between 1997 and 2008, she sailed for Thomson Cruises (now Marella Cruises) as The Emerald. Before retiring in 2009, she was the last passenger ship built at a U.S. shipyard that was still in active service.^[8]

In 1956, the Grace Line ordered two new ships to replace the aging 1932-built sisters, Santa Rosa and Santa Paula. Gibbs & Cox had designed the older two ships and would now design their successors. These modern ocean liners were built by Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock, Newport News, Virginia, USA and were among the last passenger ocean liners built entirely in the U.S.^[9] There was full air conditioning for passengers, and the first ships in America to be equipped with Gyrofin stabilizers.^[10]

The interior was fireproofed with aluminum, and designed by Dorothy Marckwald & Anne Urquhart, the same designers that did the interiors for the SS America and SS United States. Accommodations were spacious with all cabins facing outside, and every cabin had its own bathroom. The Santa Rosa's had two aft cargo holds had side doors and automatic conveyors to quickly move pallets on and off the ship, thus giving her a rapid turn-around at port.^[11] Santa Rosa was launched on August 28, 1957 and delivered on June 12, 1958.^[5]

• Deck Plan

The new Santa Rosa and Santa Paula entered service on the New York to South America and the Caribbean for Grace Line. The Santa Rosa made its maiden voyage on Oct. 10, 1958, when it became the largest ship ever to make the voyage up the Hudson River to Albany, N.Y.^[9] She also became the first major passenger liner to make her maiden appearance in New York harbor from the north.

In the early morning hours of March 26, 1959, Santa Rosa was returning to New York in heavy fog. She was 22 miles east of Atlantic City, N.J., when she collided with the tanker SS Valchem.^[12] No one was injured on the liner but four crewmen on the tanker were killed and 16 were injured. Santa Rosa’s bow punched a cavity extending halfway into the tanker and caused flooding of the lower engine room with resultant loss of power. Two boilers were also demolished.^[13] The funnel of the Valchem and adjacent vents were scooped off the tanker and carried onto Santa Rosa’s bow.^[14] Santa Rosa sustained heavy damage but was repaired and returned to service.

In 1970, the Grace Line merged with Prudential Lines to become Prudential-Grace Line. Santa Rosa sailed for another year but in 1971, passenger operations ceased and both she and the Santa Paula were laid up at Hampton Roads in Virginia and put up for sale.^[11] In 1975, Santa Rosa was obtained by the U.S. Department of Commerce and in 1976, she was sold to Vintero Corp. of New York City and renamed Samos Sky.^[5] She was intended to operate South American service once again, but this venture failed and she remained idle.^[5] In 1989, she was sold to Coral Cruise Lines, part of the Lelakis Group, and towed to Greece that December. In March 1990, Samos Sky arrived in Chalkis, Greece and was renamed Pacific Sun and then, later that year, Diamond Island.^[5][15] At the cost of $70 million, she was converted into a cruise ship; her superstructure was expanded, whilst her hull remained largely unaltered and she retained her original steam turbine engines, which were renovated with parts from the former Santa Paula.^[5][16] The work was finished in 1991.^[5]

The modernised ship entered service under Regency Cruises as the popular Regent Rainbow in 1992,^[15] until Regency Cruises suffered extensive losses and was declared bankrupt in 1995. Regent Rainbow was placed under arrest that November.^[6] In December 1996, Regent Rainbow was sold to Louis Cruise Lines and renamed The Emerald.^[15] In 1997, she was chartered to Thomson Cruises to operate cruises for the British market.^[6] During her time with Thomson she became the company's most popular ship,^[17] and remained in service with them until October 2008, when she was dropped in favor of a larger, more modern and economical vessel.^[18] Hereafter, she saw limited further service for Louis until 2009, when the company announced that she was being laid up and most likely would not sail again.^[19]

Following the departure of The Emerald from their service, Louis looked for other owners who would operate her for further use, since she met SOLAS 2010 regulations, but she remained laid up at Eleusis, Greece. In 2011, she was inspected by scrappers^[16] and in July 2012, she departed Greece for the scrapyard at Alang, India.^[20] She was scrapped under the shortened name Emerald.^[15]