Mayflower (scow-schooner)
 A photograph of the Milton, which was similar in design to the Mayflower
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 United States | |
| Name | May Flower |
| Port of registry | U.S. Registry #92025 |
| Builder | Harry Johnson |
| Launched | 1887 |
| In service | 1887 |
| Fate | Sunk June 2, 1891 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | scow-schooner |
| Tonnage | |
| Length | 147.3 ft (44.9 m) |
| Beam | 27 ft (8.2 m) |
| Depth | 7.3 ft (2.2 m) |
May Flower (shipwreck) | |
    | |
| Location | 2.25 miles (3.62 km) south of the Lester River in Lake Superior[2] |
| Coordinates | 46°48′12″N 92°0′40″W / 46.80333°N 92.01111°W |
| Area | Less than one acre |
| Built | 1887 |
| Architect | Harry Johnson |
| Architectural style | Scow schooner |
| MPS | Minnesota's Lake Superior Shipwrecks MPS |
| NRHP reference No. | 12000560[1] |
| Added to NRHP | August 28, 2012 |
The Mayflower was a wooden hulled scow-schooner that sank on June 2, 1891, in Lake Superior near Duluth, Minnesota, United States, after capsizing with a load of sandstone blocks. In 2012 the shipwreck site was added to the National Register of Historic Places.[1]
History
[edit]The Mayflower (official number 92025) was built in 1887 in Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin,[3] by master carpenter Harry Johnson. She had a length of 147.3 feet (44.9 m), her beam was 27 feet (8.2 m) wide and her hull was 7.3 feet (2.2 m) deep. She had a gross register tonnage of 230.4 tons, and a net register tonnage of 218.88 tons.[4] She was a two-masted scow schooner which meant that she could sail on her own, or towed by a steam-powered vessel. Although she was a Great Lakes scow, her constructional features are more similar to the scows used in New Zealand than the scows used on the lakes.[3]
Final voyage
[edit]On the day of June 2, 1891, the Mayflower was bound for the Duluth, Minnesota, with a cargo of sandstone which was to be used in the construction of the Central High School.[5] She was sailing in good weather and was propelled by a wind blowing from the northwest. Her master Captain Theodore Zirbest[6] ordered the Mayflower's sails to be lowered.[5] Soon after her sails were lowered, the Mayflower's cargo shifted; this caused her to capsize. Three of her crew members were saved by the tugboat Cora A. Sheldon, but Captain Zirbest lost his grip on the lifeline that was thrown to him, and drowned.
Historical accounts are unclear about whether the Mayflower was sailing under her own power, or she was being towed by the Cora A. Sheldon.[5]
The Mayflower today
[edit]The wreck of the Mayflower was discovered in 1991. Her remains lie in 90 feet (27 m) of water about 500 feet (150 m) off the busy shipping lane about four miles (6 km) east of the Duluth Harbor entry.[5] Her hull is partially buried in sand, featuring an intact bow and stern, but her midsection is broken and almost completely covered with sand.[5] Visibility at the site is usually poor; this is because she is close to the Lester River.[7] The visibility varies from 10 feet (3 m) to 15 feet (4.6 m), although the visibility seems to be the best in the autumn.[5] Her anchors and windlass both still remain attached to her bow. Her windlass is the only known one of its type in Minnesota waters.[5] Today only two partially intact scows are known to exist on Lake Superior: the Mayflower in Minnesota and the Grey Oak in Thunder Bay.[5]
The wreck site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012 for its state-level significance in the themes of commerce, historical archaeology, and maritime history.[8] It was nominated for its informational potential in illuminating late-19th-century wooden shipbuilding methods and maritime life. The Mayflower holds particular value due to the rarity of her type and her atypical design.[2]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
- ^ a b Meverden, Keith; Tamara Thomsen (January 2012). "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: May Flower - Shipwreck (draft)" (PDF). Minnesota Historical Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-09.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b "Notable wrecks of Lake Superior". Minnesota Historical Society. Retrieved 17 April 2018.
- ^ "May Flower (1887, Scow Schooner)". Maritime History of the Great Lakes. Retrieved 20 Nov 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Mayflower". Superior Trips LLC. Retrieved 2018-10-06.
- ^ "Duluth, Minn. / Sunken ships have allies in wetsuits". TwinCities.com. Retrieved January 10, 2019.
- ^ Daniel, Stephen B. (2008). Shipwrecks Along Lake Superior's North Shore: A Diver's Guide. Minnesota Historical Society. pp. 36–39. ISBN 978-0873516181.
- ^ "May Flower - Shipwreck". Minnesota National Register Properties Database. Minnesota Historical Society. 2009. Retrieved 2018-10-06.
- 1887 ships
- Great Lakes ships
- Maritime incidents in 1891
- Merchant ships of the United States
- National Register of Historic Places in St. Louis County, Minnesota
- Scows
- Ships built in Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin
- Shipwrecks of Lake Superior
- Shipwrecks on the National Register of Historic Places in Minnesota
- Shipwrecks of the Minnesota coast
- Wreck diving sites in the United States
- Ships sunk in storms