La Cage aux Folles (film)

La Cage aux Folles
French theatrical release poster
Directed by	Édouard Molinaro
Screenplay by	Marcello Danon Édouard Molinaro Jean Poiret Francis Veber
Based on	La Cage aux Folles 1973 play by Jean Poiret
Produced by	Marcello Danon
Starring	Ugo Tognazzi Michel Serrault Claire Maurier Rémi Laurent Benny Luke Carmen Scarpitta Luisa Maneri Michel Galabru
Cinematography	Armando Nannuzzi
Edited by	Monique Isnardon Robert Isnardon
Music by	Ennio Morricone[1]
Production companies	Les Productions Artistes Associés Da.Ma. Produzione
Distributed by	United Artists
Release dates	20 October 1978 (1978-10-20) (Italy) 25 October 1978 (1978-10-25) (France)
Running time	91 minutes[2]
Countries	France Italy
Language	French
Budget	$1.1 million
Box office	$20.4 million[3]

La Cage aux Folles ([la kaʒ o fɔl], also released as Birds of a Feather) is a 1978 comedy film directed by Édouard Molinaro, based on Jean Poiret's 1973 play. It stars Ugo Tognazzi and Michel Serrault as a gay couple operating a drag nightclub in a French resort town, Rémi Laurent as the former's son, and Michel Galabru and Carmen Scarpitta as his new fiancée's ultra-conservative parents. The French-language picture was a Franco-Italian co-production by United Artists.^[4]

The film was released in Italy on 20 October 1978 and in France on 25 October. A considerable commercial success, it became one of the highest-grossing foreign-language films released in the United States. It won the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film and was nominated for three Oscars: Best Director (Molinaro), Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Costume Design. Michel Serrault won the César Award for Best Actor. It was followed by two sequels, with Tognazzi, Serrault, Galabru, and Luke reprising their roles. The 1983 musical and the 1996 American film The Birdcage were adapted from the same source material.

Like the play upon which it is based, the film tells the story of a middle-aged, gay couple – Renato Baldi, the owner of a Saint-Tropez nightclub featuring drag entertainment, and Albin Mougeotte, his star attraction – and the madness that ensues when Renato's son Laurent brings home his fiancée Andrea and her ultra-conservative parents to meet them.

Exterior filming was on-location in Saint-Tropez and Nice, and interiors were shot at Dear Film and Cinecitta Studios in Rome, Italy. The film was inspired by the Paris drag cabaret Chez Michou.^[5]

As of 2020^[update], La Cage aux Folles has remained the no. 11 ^[6] foreign-language film released in the United States of America. The film was the second highest-grossing film of the year in France with 5,406,614 admissions. In Germany, it received 2.65 million admissions, making it the 11th highest-grossing film of the year.^[7]

On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 92% rating based on 25 reviews, with an average rating of 7.7/10. The site's consensus reads: "La Cage aux Folles is a fine French-Italian farce with flamboyant, charming characters and deep laughs".^[8]

Roger Ebert gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four and wrote that "the comic turns in the plot are achieved with such clockwork timing that sometimes we're laughing at what's funny and sometimes we're just laughing at the movie's sheer comic invention. This is a great time at the movies."^[9] Vincent Canby of The New York Times wrote in a negative review that the film "is naughty in the way of comedies that pretend to be sophisticated but actually serve to reinforce the most popular conventions and most witless stereotypes."^[10] Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune gave the film two-and-a-half stars out of four and wrote, "For me, 'La Cage aux Folles' was over soon after it began. It's all so predictable. This could have been a Luci & Desi comedy routine. The film's only distinctive quality is the skill of its veteran actors in working with tired material."^[11] Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times called the film "a frequently hilarious French variation on Norman, Is That You? and has the same broad humor and appeal but has been put over with considerably more aplomb."^[12] Gary Arnold of The Washington Post panned the film for "stale, excruciating sex jokes" and direction that "has evidently failed to devise a playing rhythm to compensate for whatever farcical tempo the material enjoyed on the stage."^[13]

David McGillivray of The Monthly Film Bulletin described the film as "a crude amalgam of Norman, Is That You? and John Bowen's play Trevor ... All shrieks, mincing and limp wrists, La Cage aux Folles also looks positively antiquated beside the sophisticated gay comedy of such as Craig Russell."^[14]

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The film was followed by two sequels: La Cage aux Folles II (1980), also directed by Molinaro, and La Cage aux Folles 3 - 'Elles' se marient (1985), directed by Georges Lautner.

The 1983 Broadway musical La Cage aux Folles, based on the original play rather than the film, with music and lyrics by Jerry Herman and a book by Harvey Fierstein, was also successful.^[15][16]

The 1996 American remake The Birdcage, directed by Mike Nichols and written by Elaine May, moved the plot to South Beach and starred Robin Williams and Nathan Lane.^[17]

La Cage aux Folles caught the attention of television producer Danny Arnold, who in 1979 pitched the concept of a weekly series about a gay couple similar to the one in the film to ABC. His planned title was Adam and Yves, a play on both Adam and Eve and a slogan used by some anti-gay groups. After months in development, Arnold realized that the concept was unsustainable as a weekly series, which led to the show getting dropped.^[18]

• Tropiano, Stephen (2002). The Prime Time Closet: A History of Gays and Lesbians on TV. Applause Theatre and Cinema Books. ISBN 1-55783-557-8.

• La Cage aux Folles at IMDb
• La Cage aux Folles at AllMovie
• La Cage aux Folles at the TCM Movie Database
• La Cage aux Folles at Box Office Mojo
• La Cage aux Folles at Rotten Tomatoes
• La Cage aux Folles: Folles Family Values an essay by David Ehrenstein at the Criterion Collection