HMS Shah (1873)
 Shah at anchor
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 United Kingdom | |
| Name | HMS Shah |
| Namesake | Shah of Persia |
| Owner | Royal Navy |
| Builder | Portsmouth Dockyard |
| Laid down | 7 March 1870 |
| Launched | 10 September 1873 |
| Completed | December 1875 |
| Commissioned | 14 August 1876 |
| Out of service | December 1904 |
| Fate |
|
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Unarmored steam frigate |
| Displacement | 6,250 long tons (6,350 t) |
| Tons burthen | 4,210 bm |
| Length | 334 ft (101.8 m) (p/p) |
| Beam | 52 ft (15.8 m) |
| Draught | 25 ft 7 in (7.8 m) |
| Installed power | 7,480 ihp (5,580 kW) |
| Propulsion |
|
| Sail plan | Ship rig |
| Speed | 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph) |
| Range | 6,840 nmi (12,670 km; 7,870 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) |
| Complement | 600 |
| Armament |
|
The first HMS Shah was a nineteenth-century unarmoured iron hulled, wooden sheathed frigate of Britain's Royal Navy designed by Sir Edward Reed. She was originally to be named HMS Blonde but was renamed following the visit of the Shah of Persia in 1873.
Building programme
[edit]The following table gives the build details and purchase cost of the Shah and the other two iron frigates: Inconstant and Raleigh. Standard British practice at that time was for these costs to exclude armament and stores.
| Ship | Builder | Engines | Cost according to | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laid down | Launched | Completed | Brassey's 1887[1] | King[2] | |||||
| Hull | Machinery | Total excluding armament | |||||||
| Inconstant | Pembroke Dockyard | a John Penn & Son | 27 November 1866 | 12 November 1868 | 14 August 1869 * | £138,585 | £74,739 | £213,324 | $1,036,756 |
| Raleigh | Chatham Dockyard | Humphrys, Tennant & Co. | 8 February 1871 | 1 March 1873 | 13 January 1874 * | £147,248 | £46,138 | £193,386 | $939,586 |
| Shah | Portsmouth Dockyard | Ravenhill | 7 March 1870 | 10 September 1873 | 14 August 1876 | £177,912 | £57,333 | £235,245 | $1,119,861 |
*Date first commissioned.[3][4]
Her complement was 469 officers and men, 46 boys and 87 marines.
Armament
[edit]As of 1888, Shah was armed with two 9-inch rifled muzzle-loading guns, sixteen 7-inch 6½ ton rifled muzzle-loading guns, eight 5-inch breech-loading guns, three quick-firing guns, twelve machine-guns, and four torpedo launchers.[5]
Service career
[edit]She was only in service for three years. In 1876, she was deployed as flagship of the Royal Navy's Pacific Station under Admiral de Horsey, relieving HMS Repulse.
On 29 May 1877, in company with the corvette HMS Amethyst, she fought an action near Ilo, Peru, the Battle of Pacocha. This was against the Peruvian armoured single-turret ship Huáscar, which had been taken over by anti-government rebels, and had boarded some British merchant ships.
The armoured Huáscar proved virtually impenetrable to the British guns, but the two unarmoured British ships had to keep clear of the Huáscar’s turret guns. Although Shah was the fastest battleship then afloat, the smaller Huáscar was more maneuverable in the shallow waters. In the course of the action, Shah fired the first torpedo to be used in anger, although it missed – being outrun by Huáscar.
During her time as flagship she also visited Pitcairn Island. On her voyage home in 1879, she called at St. Helena, where news was received of the British defeat at Isandhlwana. Shah was diverted to carry soldiers to Durban in South Africa. She then formed part of a Royal Naval contingent that assisted in the Anglo-Zulu War, before she completed her voyage to Britain.
On 24 October 1879 some of her crew were paid off at Portsmouth and Shah was placed in the fourth division of the Steam Reserve, then joined the North America and West Indies Station at the Royal Naval Dockyard on Ireland Island, Bermuda, to provide accommodation. HMS Malabar took over this task in 1897.[6][7]
In December 1904, Shah was converted to a coal storage hulk and renamed C.470. The hulk was sold on 19 September 1919. In 1926 the hulk was wrecked, at Bermuda.[8]
According to some sources (primarily Danish), the ship was eventually sold to Danish salvage company Petersen & Albeck in 1934, towed to Copenhagen, and dismantled there. Part of the teakwood interior was later used as floor planks at the Royal Castle in Gråsten in 1936.
Her masts survive. Being iron, they were deemed to be a lighter, more durable, replacement for the wooden masts of HMS Victory. They were probably fitted to Victory when she was dry docked in 1887, and survive to the present day in her preserved state.[9]
Her stern-plaque, a gift from the Shah of Persia, was restored in 1974 by HMS Malabar (Her Majesty's Naval Base Bermuda, the remnant of the Royal Naval Dockyard). It is on display at the St. George's Historical Society Museum, in the Mitchell House in St. George's Town, Bermuda).[7][10]
There is a monument to the ship's crew in Victoria Park, Portsmouth.
Footnotes
[edit]- ^ The Naval Annual 1887, p286-295
- ^ King, Warships and Navies of the World, p203.
- ^ HMS Inconstant
- ^ HMS Raleigh
- ^ Brassey's Naval Annual, 1888. Page 284, "Unarmoured Ships"
- ^ "Naval". The Cornishman. No. 69. 6 November 1879. p. 3.
- ^ a b Stranack, Lieutenant-Commander Ian RN (ret), FIL, AMBIM. The Andrew and The Onions: The Story of the Royal Navy in Bermuda, 1795-1975. Bermuda: The Island Press Ltd., 1977; Second Edition, Bermuda Maritime Museum Press, 1990. ISBN 978-0921560036
- ^ Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8.
- ^ Patrick), McGowan, A. P. (Alan (2003). HMS Victory: her construction, career and restoration. McKay, John, 1948-. London: Caxton Editions. ISBN 1840675322. OCLC 52531819.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "St. George's Historical Society Museum". Bermuda.com Ltd
References
[edit]- Brassey, Lord (ed) The Naval Annual 1887
- Brassey, Lord (ed) The Naval Annual 1888
- Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8.
- Gardiner, Robert, ed. (1979). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. London: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-8317-0302-4.
- King, JW, Warships and Navies of the World, pub A Williams, 1881.
- Wilson, H. W. (1896). Ironclads in Action: A Sketch of Naval Warfare From 1855 to 1895. Vol. 1 and 2. Boston: Little, Brown.
- Winfield, R.; Lyon, D. (2004). The Sail and Steam Navy List: All the Ships of the Royal Navy 1815–1889. London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-032-6. OCLC 52620555.
- J Winton: Hurrah for the Life of a Sailor
- P Padfield: Rule Britannia
External links
[edit]Media related to HMS Shah (ship, 1873) at Wikimedia Commons
- HMS Shah
