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Karpoori Thakur

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Karpoori Thakur
Thakur on a 2024 stamp of India
11th Chief Minister of Bihar
In office
22 December 1970 – 2 June 1971
Preceded byDaroga Prasad Rai
Succeeded byBhola Paswan Shashtri
In office
24 June 1977 – 21 April 1979
Preceded byJagannath Mishra
Succeeded byRam Sunder Das
2nd Deputy Chief Minister of Bihar
In office
5 March 1967 – 31 January 1968
Chief MinisterMahamaya Prasad Sinha
Preceded byAnugrah Narayan Sinha
Succeeded bySushil Kumar Modi
Education Minister of Bihar
In office
5 March 1967 – 31 January 1968
Preceded bySatyendra Narayan Sinha
Succeeded bySatish Prasad Singh
Personal details
Born(1924-01-24)24 January 1924
Pitaunjhia, Bihar and Orissa Province, British India
Died17 February 1988(1988-02-17) (aged 64)
Patna, Bihar, India
Political partySocialist Party, Bharatiya Kranti Dal, Janata Party, Lok Dal
SpousePhuleshwari devi
ChildrenRam Nath Thakur (Son)
OccupationFreedom Fighter, Teacher, Politician
Awards Bharat Ratna (2024)

Karpoori Thakur (24 January 1924 – 17 February 1988) was an Indian politician who served two terms as the 11th Chief Minister of Bihar, first from December 1970 to June 1971, and then from June 1977 to April 1979. He was popularly known as Jan Nayak (transl. people's hero). On 26 January 2024, he was posthumously awarded India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, by the Government of India. This was announced by the President of India Draupadi Murmu on 23 January 2024.[1][2][3]

Biography

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Karpoori Thakur was born to Gokul Thakur and Ramdulari Devi at Pitaunjhia (now Karpuri Gram) village in Samastipur District of Bihar.[4] He belonged to the Nai community.[5][6] He was influenced by Mahatma Gandhi and Satyanarayan Sinha.[7][8] He joined the All India Students Federation.[9] As a student activist, he left his graduate college to join the Quit India Movement. For his participation in the Indian independence movement, he spent 26 months in prison.[10]

After India gained independence, Thakur worked as a teacher in his village's school. He became a member of the Bihar Vidhan Sabha in 1952 from Tajpur constituency as a Socialist Party candidate. He was arrested for leading P & T employees during the general strike of the Central Government employees in 1960. In 1970, he undertook a fast unto death for 28 days to promote the cause of Telco labourers.[10]

Thakur was a votary of Hindi language, and as the education minister of Bihar, he removed English as the compulsory subject for the matriculation curriculum. It is alleged that the Bihar's students suffered due to the resulting low standards of English-medium education in the state.[10] Thakur served as a minister and Deputy Chief Minister of Bihar, before becoming the first non-Congress socialist Chief Minister of Bihar in 1970. He also enforced total prohibition of alcohol in Bihar. During his reign, many schools and colleges were established in his name[10] in the backward areas of Bihar.

Academic S.N. Malakar, who belongs to one of the Most Backward Classes (MBCs) of Bihar and had participated in the agitation supporting Karpoori Thakur’s reservation policy in the 1970s as a student activist belonging to the All India Students Federation (AISF) contends that the subaltern classes of Bihar – MBCs, dalits and upper OBCs had already gained confidence during the time of the Janata Party government.[This paragraph needs citation(s)]

Chet Ram Tomar of Bulandshahr was his close ally. A socialist leader, Thakur was close to Jaya Prakash Narayan.[11] During the emergency in India (1975–77), he and other prominent leaders of Janata Party led the "Total Revolution" movement aimed at non-violent transformation of the Indian society.[citation needed]

In the 1977 Bihar Legislative Assembly election, the ruling Indian National Congress suffered a heavy defeat at the hands of Janata Party. Janata Party was a recent amalgam of disparate groups including Indian National Congress (Organisation), Charan Singh's Bharatiya Lok Dal (BLD), Socialists and Hindu Nationalists of Jana Sangh. The sole purpose of these groups joining together was to defeat Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, who had imposed a nationwide emergency and curtailed many freedoms. There were also social cleavages with Socialists and BLD representing backward castes and Congress(O) and Jana Sangh the upper castes.[12][13]

After the Janata Party came to power, Thakur became Chief Minister of Bihar for the second time by winning the legislative party election against Bihar Janata Party President Satyendra Narayan Sinha, formerly of Congress [O], by a vote of 144 to 84.[14] Infighting in the party broke over the question of Thakur's decision to implement the Mungeri Lal Commission report, that recommended the institution of reservations for Backward Castes in government jobs. Upper caste members of the Janata Party tried to water down the reservation policy by unseating Thakur as Chief Minister. To wean away Dalit MLAs, Ram Sundar Das, a Dalit himself, was nominated as the candidate. Though both Das and Thakur were socialists, Das was considered more moderate and accommodating than the Chief Minister. Thakur resigned and Das became the Chief Minister of Bihar on 21 April 1979. The reservation law was weakened by allowing upper castes to obtain a greater percentage of government jobs. The internal tensions in the Janata Party caused it to split into multiple factions which led to Congress to return to power in 1980.[13][15] However, he could not last his full term because he lost the leadership battle in 1979 from Ram Sundar Das whom his adversaries placed against him and was replaced as chief minister.[16]

When Janata Party split in July 1979, Karpoori Thakur sided with the outgoing Charan Singh faction. He was elected from Samastipur (Vidhan Sabha constituency) to Bihar Vidhan Sabha as Janata Party (Secular) candidate in 1980 elections. His party changed its name to Bharatiya Lok Dal later, and Thakur was elected to Bihar Vidhan Sabha as its candidate in 1985 election from Sonbarsa constituency.[17] He passed away before this Vidhan Sabha could complete its term.

Thakur was known as the champion of the poor.[18] In 1978, Karpoori Thakur introduced 26% reservation model in Bihar, for the backward classes in the government jobs. In this layered reservation regime, Other Backward Class got 12%, Most Backward Class got 8%, women got 3%, and economically backward classes (EBWs) from among the upper castes got 3% reservation in state government jobs.[19][20] In 1977; Devendra Prasad Yadav resigned from the Bihar Vidhan Sabha and paved the way for Thakur to contest the Phulparas Vidhan Sabha constituency by-election. Thakur won by the margin of 65000 votes, defeating Ram Jaipal Singh Yadav of INC.[21]

Thakur served as the President of Samyukta Socialist Party. He is called a mentor to the prominent Bihari leaders such as Lalu Prasad Yadav, Ram Vilas Paswan, Devendra Prasad Yadav and Nitish Kumar.[22]

National honours

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India

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Legacy

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Chief Minister of Bihar, Nitish Kumar paying tribute to Karpoori Thakur on 17 February 2023.
  • Karpoori Thakur's birthplace, Pitaunjhia, was renamed to Karpuri Gram (Hindi for "Karpuri village") after his death in 1988.[23]
  • Commemorative coin of denomination Rupees 100 launched [24]
  • The Jan Nayak Karpuri Thakur Vidhi Mahavidyalaya (Law College) in Buxar is also named after him.
  • Bihar Government opened Jannayak Karpoori Thakur Medical College in Madhepura.
  • The Department of Posts released a commemorative stamp in his memory.
  • Tussle on legacy by Janata Dal (United) and Rashtriya Janata Dal[25]
  • Jan Nayak Express Train running between Darbhanga & Amritsar by Indian Railway.
  • The government has taken immense commemorative measures that include naming several stadiums after Jan Nayak Karpuri Thakur in the state, establishment of scores of colleges and statues in most of the districts, Karpuri Thakur Museum, Jan Nayak Karpuri Thakur hospitals in Samastipur and Darbhanga, publication of Karpuri Thakur's speeches in legislative and documentary formation on Karpuri Thakur.
  • A commemorative postage stamp was released by department of India Post to mark his 100th birth anniversary.[26]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Joshi, Varenya. "Bharat Ratna for Jananayak Karpuri Thakur: Transformative Leader's Enduring Legacy". Bru Times News. Archived from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
  2. ^ "Former Bihar chief minister Karpoori Thakur to be awarded Bharat Ratna posthumously". Hindustan Times. 23 January 2024. Archived from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
  3. ^ "'Jan Nayak Karpoori Thakurji's Life Revolved Around Twin Pillars Of Simplicity, Social Justice': PM Modi".
  4. ^ Singh, Aastha (24 January 2019). "Karpoori Thakur, the other Bihar CM who banned alcohol". ThePrint. Archived from the original on 15 June 2020. Retrieved 15 June 2020.
  5. ^ "Karpoori Thakur, former Bihar Chief Minister, conferred Bharat Ratna posthumously". Archived from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
  6. ^ "How Bihar's caste survey seeks to build on the legacy of Karpoori Thakur". Archived from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
  7. ^ Prasāda, R.; Ārya, J.; Kumāra, K. (1991). Karpoori, a Portrait. S.K. Publications. p. 11. Archived from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
  8. ^ Singh, S. (2015). Ruled or Misruled: Story and Destiny of Bihar. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 26. ISBN 978-93-85436-42-0. Archived from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2024. Karpoori Thakur, a Gandhian leader from an extremely backward caste of a barber or nai community from Samastipur
  9. ^ "Karpoori Thakur: A Socialist Leader in the Hindi Belt". 15 August 2016. Archived from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2021.
  10. ^ a b c d "Karpoori Thakur". FreeIndia.Org. Archived from the original on 14 March 2005. Retrieved 14 January 2008.
  11. ^ "Bihar wants Bharat Ratna for Karpoori Thakur". CNN-IBN. 14 January 2008. Archived from the original on 17 January 2008. Retrieved 14 January 2008.
  12. ^ "Members Bioprofile". Parliament of India. Retrieved 8 April 2020.
  13. ^ a b Kumar, Sanjay (2018). Post-Mandal Politics in Bihar: Changing Electoral Patterns. SAGE Publications. ISBN 9789352805860. Archived from the original on 27 March 2022. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
  14. ^ Mirchandani, G.G. (2003). Bihar chief ministership battle 1977. Abhinav Publications. p. 211. ISBN 9788170170617. Archived from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 4 June 2007.
  15. ^ "State mourns death of ex-CM on festival day". Daily Telegraph. 7 March 2015. Archived from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
  16. ^ 30 years ago in India Today Archived 2 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine (slide 3). India Today.
  17. ^ "Bihar Assembly Election Results in 1985". Archived from the original on 12 June 2021. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
  18. ^ Santosh Jha (2 June 2002). "The depth of Opulence". Spectrum. The Tribune. Archived from the original on 24 January 2007. Retrieved 14 January 2008.
  19. ^ "Two-time Bihar CM Karpoori Thakur to be conferred Bharat Ratna posthumously". Archived from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
  20. ^ "Socialist icon Karpoori Thakur awarded Bharat Ratna, a day before centenary". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 23 January 2024.
  21. ^ "Bihar CM Karpoori Thakur wins crucial by-election from Phulpuras". India Today. Archived from the original on 12 April 2021. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
  22. ^ Akshayakumar; Ramanlal Desai, eds. (1986). Agrarian Struggles in India After Independence. Oxford University Press, 1986. p. 87. ISBN 0195616812. Archived from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  23. ^ PTI (24 January 2024). "Karpoori Thakur's native village celebrates Centre's decision to confer Bharat Ratna on him". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
  24. ^ Sinha, Shishir (23 January 2024). "Amidst political tussle to own the legacy, Centre to issue commemorative coin in memory of Karpoori Thakur". www.thehindubusinessline.com. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
  25. ^ "Why are JD(U), RJD rushing to claim Karpoori Thakur's legacy? Explained". Hindustan Times. 24 January 2024. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
  26. ^ Ranjan, Mukesh (25 January 2024). "Karpoori Thakur promoted Hindi". www.newindianexpress.com. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
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