Edward St Maur, 12th Duke of Somerset

His Grace The Duke of Somerset KG PC
The Duke of Somerset, by Carlo Pellegrini, 1869.
First Commissioner of Woods and Forests
In office 17 April 1849 – 1 August 1851
Monarch	Victoria
Prime Minister	Lord John Russell
Preceded by	The Earl of Carlisle
Succeeded by	Office abolished
First Commissioner of Works
In office 1 August 1851 – 21 February 1852
Monarch	Victoria
Prime Minister	Lord John Russell
Preceded by	New office
Succeeded by	Lord John Manners
First Lord of the Admiralty
In office 27 June 1859 – 26 June 1866
Monarch	Victoria
Prime Minister	The Viscount Palmerston The Earl Russell
Preceded by	Sir John Pakington, Bt
Succeeded by	Sir John Pakington, Bt
Personal details
Born	(1804-12-20)20 December 1804 Piccadilly, Westminster, United Kingdom
Died	28 November 1885(1885-11-28) (aged 80) Stover Lodge, Teigngrace, Devon, United Kingdom
Political party	Whig
Spouse(s)	Jane Georgiana Sheridan (d. 1884)
Children	5, including Ferdinand
Parent(s)	Edward St Maur, 11th Duke of Somerset Lady Charlotte Hamilton
Alma mater	Christ Church, Oxford

Edward Adolphus St. Maur, 12th Duke of Somerset, KG, PC (20 December 1804 – 28 November 1885), styled Lord Seymour until 1855, was a British Whig aristocrat and politician, who served in various cabinet positions in the mid-19th century, including that of First Lord of the Admiralty.

Somerset was the eldest son of Edward St. Maur, 11th Duke of Somerset, and Lady Charlotte, daughter of Archibald Hamilton, 9th Duke of Hamilton.^[1] He was baptized on 16 February 1805 at St. George's, Hanover Square, London.^[2] He was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford.^[3]

He owned 25,000 acres, mostly in Devon, Somerset and Wiltshire.^[4]

Somerset sat as Member of Parliament as Lord Seymour^[3] for Okehampton between 1830 and 1831^[5] and for Totnes between 1834 and 1855.^[6] He served under Lord Melbourne as a Lord of the Treasury between 1835 and 1839, as Joint Secretary to the Board of Control between 1839 and 1841 and as Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department between June and August 1841 and was a member of Lord John Russell's first administration as First Commissioner of Woods and Forests between 1849 and 1851, when the office was abolished. He served on the Royal Commission on the British Museum (1847–49).^[7] In August 1851 he was appointed to the newly created office of First Commissioner of Works by Russell. In October of the same year, he entered the cabinet and was sworn of the Privy Council.^[8] He remained First Commissioner of Works until the government fell in February 1852.

Somerset succeeded his father in the dukedom in 1855 and entered the House of Lords. He did not serve in Lord Palmerston's first administration, but when Palmerston became Prime Minister for the second time in 1859, Somerset was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty, with a seat in the cabinet.^[3] He held this post until 1866, the last year under the premiership of Russell. He refused to join William Ewart Gladstone's first ministry in 1868, but gave independent support to the chief measures of the government.^[3]

He was made a Knight of the Garter in 1862^[9] and in 1863 he was created Earl St. Maur, of Berry Pomeroy in the County of Devon.^[10] "St. Maur" was supposed to have been the original form of the family name and "Seymour" a later corruption. From some time in the early 19th century until 1923, "St. Maur" was used as the family name, but since 1923 the dukes have again used the familiar "Seymour".

Somerset was also the author of Christian Theology and Modern Scepticism (1872), and Monarchy and Democracy (1880).^[3] Between 1861 and 1885 he served as Lord Lieutenant of Devon.^[11]

Somerset married in Grosvenor Square, London, on 10 June 1830, Jane Georgiana Sheridan, who was the "Queen of Beauty" at the Eglinton Tournament of 1839.^[3] The Somersets had two sons and three daughters:

• Lady Jane Hermione Seymour (1 January 1832 – 4 April 1909) she married Sir Frederick Ulric Graham, 3rd Baronet, of Netherby, on 26 October 1852. They had eight children, including the Countess of Verulam and the Duchess of Montrose.
• Lady Ulrica Frederica Jane Seymour (12 January 1833 – 26 or 28 January 1916) she married the Rt Hon. Lord Henry Frederick Thynne on 1 June 1858. They had six children.
• Edward Adolphus Ferdinand Seymour, Earl St. Maur (17 July 1835 – 30 September 1869) he had two illegitimate children by Rosina Swan.
• Lord Edward Percy Seymour (19 August 1841 – 20 December 1865) was a diplomat and died after being mauled by a bear.^[12]
• Lady Helen Guendolen Seymour (14 November 1846 – 14 August 1910) she married Sir John William Ramsden, 5th Baronet on 2 August 1865. They had four children. Lady Guendolen Ramsden inherited the Bulstrode estate.

Her Grace died on 14 December 1884. The Duke of Somerset survived her by less than a year and died on 28 November 1885, aged 80, and was buried with her in St James's Churchyard at Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire. As his two sons both died in his lifetime, the family titles (except the Earldom of St. Maur, which became extinct) devolved on his younger brother, Archibald Seymour, 13th Duke of Somerset.^[13]

The 12th Duke left his London residence, Somerset House in Park Lane, to his eldest daughter Lady Hermione Graham.^[14]

• Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by the Duke of Somerset