Benjamin Franklin Kelley

Benjamin Franklin Kelley
Benjamin Franklin Kelley
Born	(1807-04-10)April 10, 1807 New Hampton, New Hampshire, US
Died	July 16, 1891(1891-07-16) (aged 84) Oakland, Maryland, US
Place of burial	Arlington National Cemetery
Allegiance	United States Union
Service / branch	United States Army Union Army
Years of service	1861–1865
Rank	Brigadier General Brevet Major General
Unit	1st West Virginia Volunteer Infantry
Battles / wars	American Civil War Battle of Philippi Races Battle of Romney Battle of Blue's Gap Gettysburg Campaign Battle of Folck's Mill Battle of Moorefield
Other work	revenue collector, Indian agent, examiner of pensions

Benjamin Franklin Kelley (April 10, 1807 – July 16, 1891) was an American soldier who served as a brigadier general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. He played a prominent role in several military campaigns in West Virginia and Maryland.

Kelley was born in New Hampton, New Hampshire, a small village. At the age of 19, he went to Wheeling, West Virginia. He engaged in the merchandise business until 1851, when he became a freight agent for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

At outbreak of the American Civil War, he was living in Philadelphia, and working for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. He left his position there and moved to Wheeling to take command of the 1st Virginia Infantry, a Federal volunteer three-months regiment, and was appointed as its colonel.^[1][2] His first service was at Philippi, where he captured the Confederate camp equipage and was himself badly wounded. He was promoted to brigadier general of volunteers on August 5, 1861, backdated to May, and was victorious at Romney and Blue's Gap (Hanging Rocks Pass). Afterward, Kelley commanded a division of 10,000 men in the Department of Harper's Ferry.

In 1862 he served under Maj. Gen. John C. Frémont, and the following year he was in command of the West Virginia department and pursued General Robert E. Lee during the Retreat from Gettysburg. In 1864, he checked the enemy at Folck's Mill, New Creek, and Moorefield, West Virginia. He was brevetted as a major general of volunteers on August 5, 1864.^[3]

Kelley, along with his immediate superior Maj. Gen. George Crook, was captured by a small raiding party of Confederate partisans on February 21, 1865. Kelley was sent to a prison in Richmond, Virginia, but he and Crook were released on March 20 by a special exchange. He resigned from the army on June 1, 1865.^[3]

After the war ended, Kelley was appointed an internal revenue collector in 1866. After serving in that role for ten years, he became the head of the Hot Springs, Arkansas, Military Reservation in 1876. In 1883, President Chester A. Arthur appointed him an examiner of pensions.

Kelley died in Oakland, Maryland, and was interred in Arlington National Cemetery.^[4] His grave was created by sculptor W.S. Davis and completed ca. 1861. The gravestone is made of granite (6 x 5 x 3 ft.) with a relief (2 x 2 x 6 ft.) of bronze inset on the front of the stone, just above two inscribed plaques. The relief is a bust of Kelley, who has a full goatee, mustache, and a military uniform.

One plaque on the gravestone is inscribed:

BENJAMIN F. KELLEY

COLONEL 1ST VIRGINIA VOLUNTEER INFANTRY

BRIGADIER AND BREVET MAJOR GENERAL

U.S.V.

WOUNDED AT THE BATTLE OF PHILLIPI VIRGINIA

JUNE 3, 1861.

Another plaque on the gravestone is inscribed:

HIS WIFE

MARY CLARE BRUCE KELLEY

DIED DECEMBER 24, 1910

It was surveyed by the Smithsonian's Save Outdoor Sculpture! survey in 1995 and was declared as needing treatment.^[5]

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  Front
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  Detail

• List of American Civil War generals (Union)

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)

• Eicher, John H., and Eicher, David J., Civil War High Commands, Stanford University Press, 2001, ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.
• Warner, Ezra J., Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders, Louisiana State University Press, 1964, ISBN 0-8071-0822-7.