Aussurucq

Aussurucq
Commune
Dolmen in the Arbailles Forest
Location of Aussurucq
Aussurucq Show map of France Aussurucq Show map of Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Coordinates: 43°09′01″N 0°55′57″W / 43.1503°N 0.9325°W / 43.1503; -0.9325
Country	France
Region	Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Department	Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Arrondissement	Oloron-Sainte-Marie
Canton	Montagne Basque
Intercommunality	CA Pays Basque
Government
• Mayor (2020–2026)	Jean-Marie Queheille[1]
Area 1	47.12 km2 (18.19 sq mi)
Population  (2021)[2]	236
• Density	5.0/km2 (13/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code	64081 /64130
Elevation	191–1,284 m (627–4,213 ft) (avg. 209 m or 686 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Aussurucq (French pronunciation: [osyʁyk]; Basque: Altzürükü) is a commune in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of south-western France.

The inhabitants are known as Altzürükütar.^[3]

Aussurucq is located in the former province of Soule in the Massif des Arbailles some 30 km west by south-west of Oloron-Sainte-Marie and 25 km east of Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port. Access to the commune is by road D147 from Idaux-Mendy in the north which passes through the village and continues south through the commune to join the D117 on the southern border of the commune. A pastoral road from Béhorléguy to Alçay and Aussurucq passes through the Col d'Aphanize (without crossing it) and generally follows the line of the watershed along the Col de Burdin Olatzé. The commune is mostly rugged and heavily forested however there is some farmland in the north.^[4]

The Ruisseau de Guessalia rises in the south of the commune and flows north-east gathering some tributaries to join the Apouhoura north of the commune. The Arangorena forms the north-western border as it flows north-east to join the Saison near Gotein-Libarrenx. The Bidouze rises in the south of the commune and flows north to eventually join the Adour north of Bardos.^[4]

^[6]

The commune name in basque is Altzürükü.^[3]

Jean-Baptiste Orpustan indicated that the name comes from the basque altzu ("alder tree") which is explained by the position of the valley covered in alder trees. The second part of the name is more enigmatic. According to Orpustan it could be from Urru ("the other side") or iri giving alzu-(i) ri-ku meaning "place in the Alder field".^[7]

The following table details the origins of the commune name and other names in the commune.

Sources:

• Orpustan: Jean-Baptiste Orpustan, New Basque Toponymy^[7]
• Raymond: Topographic Dictionary of the Department of Basses-Pyrenees, 1863, on the page numbers indicated in the table. (in French)^[5]

Origins:

• Duchesne: Duchesne collection volume CXIV^[8]
• Notaries: Notaries of Navarrenx^[9]
• Chapter: Titles of the Chapter of Bayonne^[10]
• Soule: Customs of Soule^[11]

In the Middle Palaeolithic era Soule was already populated as remains of Neanderthal prehistoric man have been found in the Xaxixiloaga caves in Aussurucq. A tumulus was also reported at shepherd's cabins in Potxo^[6] along the D147 road.

The central part of Soule is also called the Messagerie des Arbailles^[12] between Basabürü and Pettarra (in the Sauguis-Saint-Étienne, Aussurucq, and Barcus regions).

This list is incomplete; you can help by adding missing items. (April 2021)

List of Successive Mayors^[13]

The commune is part of six inter-communal structures:

• the Communauté d'agglomération du Pays Basque;
• the sanitation association for Pays du Soule;
• the Energy association of Pyrénées-Atlantiques;
• the inter-communal association of Arbailla;
• the inter-communal association for transport from Musculdy to Ordiap;
• the inter-communal association to support Basque culture.

In 2017 the commune had 245 inhabitants.

Historical population

Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1793 596 —     1800 574 −0.54% 1806 637 +1.75% 1821 700 +0.63% 1831 711 +0.16% 1836 632 −2.33% 1841 701 +2.09% 1846 740 +1.09% 1851 716 −0.66% 1856 662 −1.56% 1861 660 −0.06% 1866 640 −0.61% 1872 643 +0.08% 1876 640 −0.12% 1881 604 −1.15% 1886 570 −1.15% 1891 564 −0.21% 1896 570 +0.21%	Year Pop. ±% p.a. 1901 523 −1.71% 1906 512 −0.42% 1911 518 +0.23% 1921 472 −0.93% 1926 502 +1.24% 1931 459 −1.78% 1936 437 −0.98% 1946 432 −0.12% 1954 401 −0.93% 1962 379 −0.70% 1968 347 −1.46% 1975 289 −2.58% 1982 293 +0.20% 1990 274 −0.83% 1999 254 −0.84% 2007 254 +0.00% 2012 249 −0.40% 2017 245 −0.32%
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org.
Source: EHESS[14] and INSEE[15]

Economic activity is based on agriculture (livestock and pasture). The commune is part of the Appellation d'origine contrôlée (AOC) zone of Ossau-iraty.

The village features a dynamic scene related especially to Basque culture. The inhabitants of the village performed the pastoral Ürrüti Jauregiko Peirot in 2002, a play written by the son of the village Niko Etxart, an acclaimed Basque musician.

• The Chateau of Ruthie (11th century) is registered as an historical monument.^[16]
• A Gaztelu Zahar (Castellum) is at a place called gaztelu at an altitude of 582 metres.

The town has a church with a Trinitarian steeple or a tower surmounted by three points of nearly equal height.^[17] The church contains a processional cross (17th century) which is registered as an historical object.^[18]

At the end of the 19th century, the Arbailles Forest covered parts of the communes of Aussurucq, Béhorléguy, Camou-Cihigue, Musculdy, Ordiarp, and Saint-Just-Ibarre.

A wealth of heritage in Aussurucq commune is contained in its sub-soil. Most of the territory of the commune is karstic. The environment is characterized by the presence of natural cavities in complex shapes that have not all yet been discovered or much less explored to date. Departmental cavers have undertaken the exploration, description, and publication of this heritage respecting the environment and the local population. One of the most beautiful caves in the commune is the Nébélé which has been the subject of works and regular explorations since 1972.

The peak of Ascune stands at 860 m, Echagorry is 935 m, Elsarré is 1,153 m, Sihigue is 1,193 m, and Etchecortia is 1,204 m.^[6] In the south-west of the commune, Bohorcortia is 1,214 metres high.^[6]

The town has a primary school (Garaibie).

• Pierre V de Charritte de Ruthie, born in Aussurucq, was chaplain to François I.^[19]
• Gilen Epherre, born at Aussurucq in 1911 and died in Bayonne in 1974, was a writer, priest, scholar and important cultural player in the post-war period

• Communes of the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department

• ALTZÜRUKÜ in the Bernardo Estornés Lasa - Auñamendi Encyclopedia (Euskomedia Fundazioa) (in Spanish)
• Aussurucq on the Community of communes Soule-Xiberoa official website (in French)
• Aussurucq on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website (in French)
• Anßuruc on the 1750 Cassini Map

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