Armigatus

Armigatus; Temporal range: Albian - Campanian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Fossil of A. brevissimus from Lebanon
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	†Ellimmichthyiformes
Family:	†Armigatidae
Genus:	†Armigatus; Grande, 1982
Type species
	†Clupea brevissimus; Blainville, 1818
Species
	See text

Armigatus is an extinct genus of marine clupeomorph fishes belonging to the order Ellimmichthyiformes.^[1] These fishes lived in the Cretaceous (Albian to Campanian, about 103-72 million years ago); their fossil remains have been found in Mexico, Europe, the Middle East and North Africa, suggesting the genus ranged across the Tethys Sea.^[2]

Etymology

The Latin generic epithet Armigatus, means bearer of armor. The specific epithet brevissimus signifies "shortest, smallest".

Description

Armigatus has an osteoglossid-like tooth patch, a large foramen in the anterior ceratohyal and a series of subtriangular dorsal scutes, giving rise to their scientific name.^[3]

Species

†A. brevissimus (Blainville, 1818),^[4] the type species, from the Cenomanian of Lebanon (Hakel and Hajula in the Sannine Formation), Italy (Sicily), Slovenia (Komen), and Germany (Hesseltal Formation).^[5]
†A. elatus (Costa, 1850) from the Albian Pietraroja Plattenkalk of Italy (=Histiurus elatus Costa, 1850)^[6]
†A. namourensis Forey et al., 2003^[4]^[7] from Namoura, of the Sannine Formation in Lebanon.
†A. alticorpus Forey et al., 2003^[4]^[7] from Namoura and Hakel, of the Sannine Formation in Lebanon.
†A. oligodentatus Vernygora and Murray, 2016^[8] from the Cenomanian/early Turonian Akrabou Formation of Morocco.
†A. dalmaticus Murray et al., 2016 from the Campanian deposits of Dalmatia, Croatia.^[9]
†A. carrenoae Alvarado-Ortega et al., 2020 from the Albian Tlayua Formation of Mexico.^[2]
†A. felixi Than-Marchese et al., 2022 from the Albian Tlayua Formation of Mexico.^[4]
†A. plinii Marramà & Carnevale, 2023 from the Albian Pietraroja Plattenkalk of Italy^[6]

References

^ "PBDB Taxon". paleobiodb.org. Retrieved 2024-05-19.
^ ^a ^b Alvarado-Ortega, Jesús; Than-Marchese, Bruno Andrés; Melgarejo-Damián, María del Pilar (2020). "On the Albian occurrence of Armigatus (Teleostei, Clupeomorpha) in America, a new species from the Tlayúa Lagerstätte, Mexico". Palaeontologia Electronica. doi:10.26879/1107. ISSN 1935-3952.
^ Grande, L., 1982: A revision of the fossil genus †Diplomystus, with comments on the interrelationships of clupeomorph fishes. American Museum Novitiates 2728: 1–34.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Than-Marchese, Bruno Andrés; Alvarado-Ortega, Jesús (2022-10-01). "Armigatus felixi sp. nov. An Albian double armored herring (Clupeomorpha, Ellimmichthyiformes) from the Tlayúa lagerstätte, Mexico". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 118: 103905. Bibcode:2022JSAES.11803905T. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2022.103905. ISSN 0895-9811.
^ Amalfitano, Jacopo; Giusberti, Luca; Fornaciari, Eliana; Carnevale, Giorgio (2020-04-03). "UPPER CENOMANIAN FISHES FROM THE BONARELLI LEVEL (OAE2) OF NORTHEASTERN ITALY". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 126 (2). doi:10.13130/2039-4942/13224. ISSN 2039-4942.
^ ^a ^b Marramà, Giuseppe; Carnevale, Giorgio (2023). "Double-armoured herrings (Clupeomorpha: Ellimmichthyiformes) from the Lower Cretaceous of Pietraroja (Southern Italy)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 21 (1). doi:10.1080/14772019.2023.2181109. ISSN 1477-2019.
^ ^a ^b Forey, Peter L.; Yi, Lu; Patterson, Colin; Davies, Cliff E. (2003-01). "Fossil fishes from the Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Namoura, Lebanon". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 1 (4): 227–330. doi:10.1017/s147720190300107x. ISSN 1477-2019.
^ VERNYGORA, OKSANA; MURRAY, ALISON M. (January 2016). "A New Species of Armigatus (Clupeomorpha, Ellimmichthyiformes) from the Late Cretaceous of Morocco, and ITS Phylogenetic Relationships". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36 (1): e1031342. doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.1031342. ISSN 0272-4634. JSTOR 24740222. S2CID 86230107.
^ Murray, Alison M.; Vernygora, Oksana; Japundžić, Sanja; Radovčić, Jakov; Wilson, Mark V. H.; Bardack, David; Grande, Terry (2016-11-01). "Relationships of the species of Armigatus (Clupeomorpha, Ellimmichthyiformes) and the description of a new species from the Cretaceous of Dalmatia, Croatia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36 (6): e1226851. doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1226851. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 89072541.

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[1] "PBDB Taxon". paleobiodb.org. Retrieved 2024-05-19.

[:2-2] Alvarado-Ortega, Jesús; Than-Marchese, Bruno Andrés; Melgarejo-Damián, María del Pilar (2020). "On the Albian occurrence of Armigatus (Teleostei, Clupeomorpha) in America, a new species from the Tlayúa Lagerstätte, Mexico". Palaeontologia Electronica. doi:10.26879/1107. ISSN 1935-3952.

[3] Grande, L., 1982: A revision of the fossil genus †Diplomystus, with comments on the interrelationships of clupeomorph fishes. American Museum Novitiates 2728: 1–34.

[:0-4] Than-Marchese, Bruno Andrés; Alvarado-Ortega, Jesús (2022-10-01). "Armigatus felixi sp. nov. An Albian double armored herring (Clupeomorpha, Ellimmichthyiformes) from the Tlayúa lagerstätte, Mexico". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 118: 103905. Bibcode:2022JSAES.11803905T. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2022.103905. ISSN 0895-9811.

[5] Amalfitano, Jacopo; Giusberti, Luca; Fornaciari, Eliana; Carnevale, Giorgio (2020-04-03). "UPPER CENOMANIAN FISHES FROM THE BONARELLI LEVEL (OAE2) OF NORTHEASTERN ITALY". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 126 (2). doi:10.13130/2039-4942/13224. ISSN 2039-4942.

[:3-6] Marramà, Giuseppe; Carnevale, Giorgio (2023). "Double-armoured herrings (Clupeomorpha: Ellimmichthyiformes) from the Lower Cretaceous of Pietraroja (Southern Italy)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 21 (1). doi:10.1080/14772019.2023.2181109. ISSN 1477-2019.

[:1-7] Forey, Peter L.; Yi, Lu; Patterson, Colin; Davies, Cliff E. (2003-01). "Fossil fishes from the Cenomanian (Upper Cretaceous) of Namoura, Lebanon". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 1 (4): 227–330. doi:10.1017/s147720190300107x. ISSN 1477-2019.

[8] VERNYGORA, OKSANA; MURRAY, ALISON M. (January 2016). "A New Species of Armigatus (Clupeomorpha, Ellimmichthyiformes) from the Late Cretaceous of Morocco, and ITS Phylogenetic Relationships". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36 (1): e1031342. doi:10.1080/02724634.2015.1031342. ISSN 0272-4634. JSTOR 24740222. S2CID 86230107.

[9] Murray, Alison M.; Vernygora, Oksana; Japundžić, Sanja; Radovčić, Jakov; Wilson, Mark V. H.; Bardack, David; Grande, Terry (2016-11-01). "Relationships of the species of Armigatus (Clupeomorpha, Ellimmichthyiformes) and the description of a new species from the Cretaceous of Dalmatia, Croatia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 36 (6): e1226851. doi:10.1080/02724634.2017.1226851. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 89072541.

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