82nd Armored Reconnaissance Battalion

82nd Armored Reconnaissance Battalion
Active	July 15, 1940–November 22, 1946 January 17, 1949–?
Country	United States
Branch	United States Army
Role	Armored reconnaissance
Part of	2nd Armored Division
Motto(s)	"Audacity"
Engagements	World War II Operation Torch Operation Husky Operation Overlord Advance to the Rhine Invasion of Germany
Decorations	Presidential Unit Citation Belgian fourragère
Commanders
Notable commanders	Charles J. Girard

The 82nd Armored Reconnaissance Battalion was a part of the 2nd Armored Division, and was activated July 15, 1940, at Fort Benning, Georgia, for World War II. The organization was made up of trained men, from cavalry and reconnaissance units. The reconnaissance battalion was known as the "eyes and ears", of the 2nd Armored Division.

The battalion mainly used the M-8 Light Armored Car, as it was fast, up to 56 mph (90 km/h), and gave some protection from small arms fire. M8 was equipped with a 37 mm gun and 6X6 wheel drive. The M8 was the main reconnaissance vehicle used by the US military in World War II. Also used was M20 scout car, which was a M-8 without the 37 mm gun and turret. In its place was an anti-aircraft ring mount for a .50-caliber machine gun. A bazooka was provided for the crew to compensate for its lack of anti-armor weaponry.^[1] With these vehicles, the 82nd could scout ahead of the slower M4 Sherman tank with a top speed of 25 mph to 30 mph. Also used for reconnaissance and to run messages Harley-Davidson WLA motorcycles were used by the 82nd as well.^[2] Almost all units used Jeeps as they were fast four-wheel drive utility vehicles.

As part of the North African Campaign, three platoons of the 82nd were a part of the first landing in force in French North Africa's Tunisia which forced the surrendering. As part of Operation Torch and Operation Blackstone on November 8, 1942, one platoon of the 82nd landed at Safi, Morocco, and with Combat Command B another platoon landed at Fedala, near Casablanca, with the 9th Infantry Division and a third 82nd platoon landed at Mahdia Plage, near Port Lyautey, with the 3rd Infantry Division.

As part of Operation Husky in the Sicily Campaign, the 82nd Armored Reconnaissance battalion played a big role in the capture of Butera when the battalion landed in Gela, Sicily in south-central Sicily, on July 11, 1943. While, the tank company also participated in the Battle of Mazzarino, then moving on to Palermo. After the liberation of Palermo it was a part of the Palermo Military District administering prisoners of war.

On June 9, 1944, along with other battalions, the 82nd Battalion landed on Omaha Beach in Normandy as a part of Combat Command "A" as part of the Normandy landings and Operation Overlord. From Omaha Beach the battalion pushed through the Cherbourg peninsula and secured bridge across the Seine River. On August 16, 1944, near Mortain, France with Company "A", 2nd Platoon, the 82nd Reconnaissance helped link the Ninth U.S. Army with the 11th Armored Division, from the 3rd Army in the Ardennes.

Early September 1944 near Maastricht, Netherlands, the battalion crossed over the Maas (Meuse), near Sittard. On September 2, 1944, parts of the 82nd moved into neighbouring Belgium near Tournai. The battalion helped in the liberation of Born, Netherlands on Sept. 19, 1944. In Operation Queen and the Battle of the Bulge, the battalion helped near Gereonsweiler and near Houffalize. In September 1944 some of the 82nd recon patrols entered Belgium 12 hours before other American troops. From there the 82nd helped the Division move from the Rur (a tributary of the Meuse) to the Rhine. For bravery in the drive from April 3-17, 1945, from the Rhine through the Westphalia plains to the Elbe at Schönebeck, the 82nd Reconnaissance Battalion received the Presidential Unit Citation.

From May 7, 1945, to January 1, 1946, the 82nd Reconnaissance Battalion moved into occupation roles, including serving among the first U.S. forces to occupy Berlin.

On January 21, 1946, the battalion was shipped from Calais, France to Fort Hood, Texas, arriving February 12, 1946. The battalion was inactivated on November 22, 1946.

On January 17, 1949, the 82nd Reconnaissance Battalion was reactivated with new personal for tactical training in December 1949. On July 4, 1951, the battalion sailed out of New Orleans, Louisiana, arriving July 17, 1951, at Bremerhaven, Germany, for its second tour of duty in Germany, during the Cold War.

• Presidential Unit Citation (U.S. Army version). Streamer embroidered Westphalia plains, 1945.
• Belgian fourragere (82d Armored Reconnaissance Battalion cited; 1950)
• Cited in the order of the day of the Belgian Army for action in Belgium.
• Cited in the order of the day of the Belgian Army for action in the Ardennes.
• In La Roche-en-Ardenne, Belgium is a memorial to the 82d Armored Reconnaissance Battalion. Four soldiers of the battalion are honored by name: John T. Graham, Everett. W. Christensen, Isaac Suhon and John McMahon.^[3]
• The 82nd Armored Reconnaissance Battalion was part of the 2nd Armored Division during World War II, contributing to the Division's overall recognition distinguished service and bravery. Soldiers of the overall 2nd Armored Division received 9,369 awards, including two medals of honor, twenty-three distinguished service crosses, 2,302 Silver Stars, about 6,000 Purple Hearts. In its 238 battle days, the 2nd Armored Division suffered 7,348 casualties, including 1,160 killed in action.

• Brigadier General Charles J. Girard was a platoon leader in the 82d early in World War II, and rose to the rank of major and overall battalion commander of the 82d by the end of that war.

• 17th Armored Engineer Battalion

• Operations of the 82nd Armored Reconnaissance Battalion in Sicilian Campaign July 10–22, 1943: Personal Experience of Battalion Commander Paperback – December 18, 2012, by Paul A. Disney
• Operations of the 82nd Armored Reconnaissance Battalion In Sicilian Campaign July 10–22, 1943, US Army Command and General Staff College Published by the US Army.
• armoredhellonwheels.com
• Marsh, Don R. (10 August 1944). "Pursuit to Belgium and Holland". The 3rd Armored Division History Foundation. Gathemo, France.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
• After action report 82nd Armored Recon Battalion, 2nd Armored Division, June 44 thru May 45. Archived 2014-07-26 at the Wayback Machine
• militaryvetshop.com Hell on wheels Archived 2014-10-25 at the Wayback Machine
• 2nd US Armored Division "Hell on Wheels"
• militaryvetshop.com "Hell On Wheels" Archived 2014-10-25 at the Wayback Machine
• [1] Combined Arms Research Library-Digital Library
• wwiihistorycenter.org U.S. Military Units That Served in WWII
• 11tharmoreddivision.com Link-up History 11th Armored Division Contact at Houffalize By Brigadier General Michael J. L. Greene
• usacac.army.mil US Army, Battle of the Bulge, 17 December 1944 to 5 January 1945 unit list.
• flamesofwar.com, Old Ironsides