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{{Infobox element
{{Infobox element
|name=nickel
|name =nickel
⚫
|pronounce={{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|ɪ|k|əl}}
|Z =28
|pronounce 2={{Respell|NIK|əl}}
|number=28
|number =28
|abundance=
⚫
|abundance in earth's crust=
|abundance in oceans=
|abundance in solar system=
|left=[[cobalt]]
|left=[[cobalt]]
|right=[[copper]]
|right=[[copper]]
|above=–
|above=–
|below=[[palladium|Pd]]
|below=[[palladium|Pd]]
⚫ |appearance=
Lustrous , metallic, and silver with a gold tinge
|series=transition metal
|series comment=
|group=10
|period=4
|block=d
|series color=
⚫ |appearance=
lustrous, metallic, and silver with a gold tinge
|image name=Nickel electrolytic and 1cm3 cube.jpg
|image name=Nickel electrolytic and 1cm3 cube.jpg
|image size=
|image upright =
|image name comment=
|image alt=[[Electrolytically]] refined nickel nodule, with green, crystallized nickel-electrolyte salts visible in the pores.
|image name 2=
|image name 2 comment=
|atomic mass=58.6934
|atomic mass ref=<ref name="IUPAC">[http://www.ciaaw.org/atomic-weights.htm Standard Atomic Weights 2013]. [[Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights]]</ref>
|atomic mass 2=4
|atomic mass comment=
|electron configuration=[[[argon|Ar]]] 3d<sup>8</sup> 4s<sup>2</sup> ''or''<br/> [Ar] 3d<sup>9</sup> 4s<sup>1</sup>
|electron configuration comment=
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 16, 2 ''or'' 2, 8, 17, 1
|electrons per shell=2, 8, 16, 2 ''or'' 2, 8, 17, 1
|color=
|phase =
|phase=solid
|phase comment=
|phase comment=
|density=8.907 g/cm<sup>3</sup> <ref name="Arblaster 2018" />
|density gplstp=
|density gpcm3nrt=8.908
|density conditions =(at 20° C)
|density gpcm3nrt 2=
|density gpcm3nrt=
|density gpcm3mp=7.81
|density gpcm3mp=7.81
|melting point K=1728
|melting point K=1728
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|vapor pressure comment=
|vapor pressure comment=
|crystal structure=face-centered cubic
|crystal structure=face-centered cubic
|crystal structure Pearson symbol=cF4
|oxidation states=4,<ref>{{cite journal| title=A Stable Tetraalkyl Complex of Nickel(IV)| journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition| year=2009| volume=48 | issue=2| page=3384| doi=10.1002/anie.200804435| last1=Carnes| first1=Matthew| last2=Buccella| first2=Daniela| last3=Chen| first3=Judy Y.-C.| last4=Ramirez| first4=Arthur P.| last5=Turro| first5=Nicholas J.| last6=Nuckolls| first6=Colin| last7=Steigerwald| first7=Michael}}</ref> 3, '''2''', 1,<ref>{{cite journal| title=A Dinuclear Nickel(I) Dinitrogen Complex and its Reduction in Single-Electron Steps| journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition| year=2009| volume=48 | issue=18| page=3357| doi=10.1002/anie.200805862| last1=Pfirrmann| first1=Stefan| last2=Limberg| first2=Christian| last3=Herwig| first3=Christian| last4=Stößer| first4=Reinhard| last5=Ziemer| first5=Burkhard}}</ref> −1
|lattice constant=''a'' = 352.41 pm (at 20 °C)<ref name="Arblaster 2018">{{cite book |last=Arblaster |first= John W. |title=Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements |publisher=ASM International |publication-place=Materials Park, Ohio |date=2018 |isbn=978-1-62708-155-9}}</ref>
|oxidation states comment=(a mildly [[base (chemistry)|basic]] oxide)
|electronegativity=1.91
|electronegativity=1.91
|number of ionization energies=4
|number of ionization energies=4
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|thermal conductivity 2=
|thermal conductivity 2=
|thermal diffusivity=
|thermal diffusivity=
|thermal expansion=
|thermal expansion=<!-- see thermal expansion comment -->
|thermal expansion at 25=13.4
|thermal expansion comment={{val|12.83|e=−6}}/K ( at 20 °C)<ref name ="Arblaster 2018" />
|thermal expansion at 25=
|speed of sound=
|speed of sound=
|speed of sound rod at 20=
|speed of sound rod at 20=
|speed of sound rod at r.t.=4900
|speed of sound rod at r.t.=4900
|magnetic susceptibility=
|magnetic susceptibility ref=
|Young's modulus=200
|Young's modulus=200
|Shear modulus=76
|Shear modulus=76
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|Brinell hardness=667–1600
|Brinell hardness=667–1600
|CAS number=7440-02-0
|CAS number=7440-02-0
|isotopes=
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=58 | sym=Ni | na=68.077% |hl=[[1 E19 s and more|>7×10<sup>20</sup> y]] |dm=([[double beta decay|β<sup>+</sup>β<sup>+</sup>]]) | de=1.9258 | link1=iron-58 | pn=58 | ps=Fe}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=59 | sym=Ni | na=[[trace radioisotope|trace]] | hl=[[1 E12 s|7.6×10<sup>4</sup> y]] | dm=[[electron capture|ε]] | de=– | link1=cobalt-59 | pn=59 | ps=Co}}
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=60 | sym=Ni | na=26.223% | n=32 |firstlinks=yes}}
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=61 | sym=Ni | na=1.14% | n=33 |firstlinks=no}}
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=62 | sym=Ni | na=3.634% | n=34 |firstlinks=no}}
{{infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=63 | sym=Ni | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=[[1 E9 s|100.1 y]] | dm=[[Beta decay|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de=0.0669 | link1=copper-63 | pn=63 | ps=Cu}}
{{Infobox element/isotopes stable | mn=64 | sym=Ni | na=0.926% | n=36 |firstlinks=no}}
|isotopes comment=Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
|discovery and first isolation by=[[Axel Fredrik Cronstedt]]
|discovery and first isolation by=[[Axel Fredrik Cronstedt]]
|discovery date=1751
|discovery date=1751
|QID=Q744
⚫
}}<!--
⚫
{{Infobox element/element navigation|symbol=Ni}}
{{Template reference list}}
{{Template reference list}}
{{documentation|1=Template:Infobox element/doc}}
{{documentation|1=Template:Infobox element/doc}}
Chemical element with atomic number 28 (Ni)
Nickel, 28 Ni Appearance Lustrous, metallic, and silver with a gold tinge
Atomic number (Z ) 28 Group group 10 Period period 4 Block d-block Electron configuration [Ar ] 3d8 4s2 or [Ar] 3d9 4s1 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 16, 2 or 2, 8, 17, 1 Phase at STP solid Melting point 1728 K (1455 °C, 2651 °F) Boiling point 3003 K (2730 °C, 4946 °F) Density (at 20° C) 8.907 g/cm3 [ 3] when liquid (at m.p. ) 7.81 g/cm3 Heat of fusion 17.48 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 379 kJ/mol Molar heat capacity 26.07 J/(mol·K) Vapor pressure
P (Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
at T (K)
1783
1950
2154
2410
2741
3184
Oxidation states common: +2 ? [ 4] ? [ 5] [ 4] [ 6] Electronegativity Pauling scale: 1.91 Ionization energies 1st: 737.1 kJ/mol 2nd: 1753.0 kJ/mol 3rd: 3395 kJ/mol (more ) Atomic radius empirical: 124 pm Covalent radius 124±4 pm Van der Waals radius 163 pm Spectral lines of nickelNatural occurrence primordial Crystal structure face-centered cubic (fcc) (cF4 ) Lattice constant a = 352.41 pm (at 20 °C)[ 3] Thermal expansion × 10−6 [ 3] Thermal conductivity 90.9 W/(m⋅K) Electrical resistivity 69.3 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C) Magnetic ordering ferromagnetic Young's modulus 200 GPa Shear modulus 76 GPa Bulk modulus 180 GPa Speed of sound thin rod 4900 m/s (at r.t. ) Poisson ratio 0.31 Mohs hardness 4.0 Vickers hardness 638 MPa Brinell hardness 667–1600 MPa CAS Number 7440-02-0 Discovery and first isolationAxel Fredrik Cronstedt (1751)
Category: Nickel references
child table, as reused in {IB-Ni}
References
These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Nickel" . CIAAW . 2007.^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)" . Pure and Applied Chemistry . doi :10.1515/pac-2019-0603 . ISSN 1365-3075 . ^ a b c Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements . Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9 ^ a b Greenwood, Norman N. ; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann . p. 28. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8 ^ Pfirrmann, Stefan; Limberg, Christian; Herwig, Christian; Stößer, Reinhard; Ziemer, Burkhard (2009). "A Dinuclear Nickel(I) Dinitrogen Complex and its Reduction in Single-Electron Steps". Angewandte Chemie International Edition . 48 (18): 3357–61. doi :10.1002/anie.200805862 . PMID 19322853 . ^ Carnes, Matthew; Buccella, Daniela; Chen, Judy Y.-C.; Ramirez, Arthur P.; Turro, Nicholas J.; Nuckolls, Colin; Steigerwald, Michael (2009). "A Stable Tetraalkyl Complex of Nickel(IV)". Angewandte Chemie International Edition . 48 (2): 290–4. doi :10.1002/anie.200804435 . PMID 19021174 . ^ a b Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF) . Chinese Physics C . 45 (3): 030001. doi :10.1088/1674-1137/abddae .
This template uses Lua :
This template adds an automatically generated short description {{ Short description }} at the top of the article.
Infoboxes for the chemical elements use the meta template {{Infobox element }} (talk ).
Parameters
In general Usually parameters reproduce the value, and the template adds the SI unit or additional standard text. While the topic is technical, we can strive to make the result readable text, and even verbose. For example, this is why the template writes "(at 0 °C)". For this, you may want to experiment with parameter input too - or propose improvements.
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Parameter naming patterns
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ionization energy refParameters with a .. comment suffix are added to the end of a data line, with a space added. Comments are reproduced without formatting additions (no brackets, no italics, ...):
ionization energy commentNumbered values make a list:
ionization energyionization energy 2ionization energy 3
See also: Infobox element/testcases-all-params demo .
{{ Infobox element
| name =
| symbol =
| number =
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| alt name =
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<!-- Atomic properties -->
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<!-- Miscellanea -->
| crystal structure =
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| lattice constant =
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<!-- History -->
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<!-- Isotopes not here -->
<!-- other -->
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}}
{{ Infobox element }} ; labels & notes:
(Image)
GENERAL PROPERTIES
Name
Symbol
Pronunciation (data central)
Alternative name(s)
Allotropes
Appearance
<element> IN THE PERIODIC TABLE
Periodic table
Atomic number
Standard atomic weight (data central)
Element category (also header bg color)
(sets header bg color, over 'series='-color)
Group
Period
Block
Electron configuration
Electrons per shell
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
(general note)
Color
Phase
Melting point
Boiling point
Sublimation point
Density [g/L at s.t.p.]
Density [kg/m3 at s.t.p.]
Density [g/cm3 near room temperature]
[g/cm3 near r.t.], #2
[g/cm3 near r.t.], #3
Density (liquid, melting point) [g/cm3]
Density (liquid, boiling point) [g/cm3]
Molar volume
Unit defaults to cm3/mol
otherwise set unit prefix=d for dm3/mol (gases)
Triple point
Critical point
Heat of fusion
Heat of vaporization
Molar heat capacity
Vapor pressure
Vapor pressure
ATOMIC PROPERTIES
Electronegativity
Ionization energy
Atomic radius
Covalent radius
Van der Waals radius
MISCELLANEA
Crystal structure
Crystal structure
Speed of sound
Thermal expansion
Thermal conductivity
Thermal diffusivity
Electrical resistivity
Band gap
Curie point
Magnetic ordering
Tensile strength
Young's modulus
Shear modulus
Bulk modulus
Poisson ratio
Mohs hardness
Vickers hardness
Brinell hardness
CAS Number
HISTORY
Naming
Prediction
()
Discovery
()
First isolation
()
Discovery and first isolation (1 or 2 dates)
Named by
()
(History comment)
(wp:engvar )
Chemical element data sets
Infobox element reads data from these lists (i.e., not by local parameter)
Main isotopes box
As of 7 Jan 2023[update] Isobox : "Infobox <element> isotopes". For example, {{ Infobox uranium }} will read the table live from {{ Infobox uranium isotopes }} .
The headerbar provides View-Edit links to that Isobox.
Reused Main Isotopes table listed in Category:Infobox element isotopes templates (119).
As of 1 Jan 2023[update] theoretical elements . They can have article and other content pages though. Incidentally, this concerns period 8 completely. For the Infobox <element>, their redirected pages do not count (are treated as: "R page does not exist").
Possible situations regarding articles & discovery, are:
"E118 ": E1–E118 , discovered, existing full set, mentioned here for easy reference
"E119 ": E119 , E120
"E121 ": E121 , E122, E124, E126
"E127 , E185 ": E123, E125, E127 ... Unbitrium Creation of pages is governed by MOS:NONEWELEMENTS . This infobox must distinguish between three typical (exemplary) elements: E118 (regular element), E119 and E121.
Handling of these element infoboxes is hardcoded in the meta-infobox, set by |number= (Z ).
Theoretical element : above-header showsTheoretical element Applied: when element is theoretical (E119 and higher). No article "Isotopes of <element>" : Header does not linkE119: Main isotopes of ununennium
E121: Main isotopes of unbiunium Applied: E119, E120 do link, E121 and higher do not link. No isotopes known, Isobox does not exist : local input, per Infobox. For example:Transclusion of the isobox is suppressed (no redlink),
E119: |theoretical isotopes comment=Experiments and theoretical calculations Applied: E119 and up: have no Isobox, so no isotopes lists is shown—at all. Instead , the parametertext is shown as present.
Theoretical elements & period 8: Existing pages overview
(conforms MOS as of 4 Jan 2023[update]
Element
Content page
Notes
per
E
disc. /theor.
Page
Name
T: Infobox (E)
Isotopes of (E)
T: Isobox (E)
Page set pattern(4 Jan 2023)
note
⑦
E118 (Og)
disc.
Article
Oganesson ,cat:E118 (3)
{{IB oganesson }}
Isotopes of oganesson ,cat:Isotopes E118 (6)
{{Isobox oganesson }}
E118 [ Set 1] compare
⑧
E119 (Uue)
theor.
Article
Ununennium ,cat:E119 (4)
{{IB ununennium }}
Isotopes of ununennium ,cat:Isotopes E119 (1)
{{Isobox E119 }}
E119 [ Set 2] period 8 start
⑧
E120 (Ubn)
theor.
Article
Unbinilium ,cat:E120 (4)
{{IB unbinilium }}
Isotopes of unbinilium ,cat:Isotopes E120 (1)
{{Isobox E120 }}
E119 [ Set 2]
⑧
E121 (Ubu)
theor.
Article
Unbiunium ,cat:E121 (3)
{{IB unbiunium }}
Isotopes of unbiunium cat:Isotopes E121 (0)
{{Isobox E121 }}
E121 [ Set 3]
⑧
E122 (Ubb)
theor.
Article
Unbibium ,cat:E122 (3)
{{IB unbibium }}
Isotopes of unbibium cat:Isotopes E122 (0)
{{Isobox E122 }}
E121 [ Set 3]
⑧
E123 (Ubt)
theor.
R
Unbitrium cat:E123 (0)
{{Infobox E123 }}
Isotopes of E123 ,cat:Isotopes E123 (0)
{{Isobox E123 }}
E127 [ Set 4]
⑧
E124 (Ubq)
theor.
Article
Unbiquadium ,cat:E124 (4)
{{IB unbiquadium }}
Isotopes of unbiquadium cat:Isotopes E124 (0)
{{Isobox E124 }}
E121 [ Set 3]
⑧
E125 (Ubp)
theor.
R
Unbipentium cat:E125 (0)
{{Infobox E125 }}
Isotopes of E125 ,cat:Isotopes E125 (0)
{{Isobox E125 }}
E127 [ Set 4]
⑧
E126 (Ubh)
theor.
Article
Unbihexium ,cat:E126 (3)
{{IB unbihexium }}
Isotopes of unbihexium cat:Isotopes E126 (0)
{{Isobox E126 }}
E121 [ Set 3]
⑧
E127 (Ubs)
theor.
R
Unbiseptium cat:E127 (0)
{{Infobox E127 }}
Isotopes of E127 ,cat:Isotopes E127 (0)
{{Isobox E127 }}
E127 [ Set 4]
⑧
E128 (Ubo)
theor.
R
Unbioctium cat:E128 (0)
{{Infobox E128 }}
Isotopes of E128 ,cat:Isotopes E128 (0)
{{Isobox E128 }}
E127 [ Set 4]
⑧
E172 (Usb)
theor.
R
Unseptbium cat:E172 (0)
{{Infobox E172 }}
Isotopes of E172 ,cat:Isotopes E172 (0)
{{Isobox E172 }}
E127 [ Set 4] End of period 8 ("NG")
⑧ ⑨
E127–E184
R
E127 [ Set 4] E127–E184 = 58 elements
⑨
E184 (Uoq)
theor.
R
Unoctquadium cat:E184 (0)
{{Infobox E184 }}
Isotopes of E184 ,cat:Isotopes E184 (0)
{{Isobox E184 }}
E127 [ Set 4]
⑨
E185 (Uop)
theor.
R
Unoctpentium cat:E185 (0)
{{Infobox E185 }}
Isotopes of E185 ,cat:Isotopes E185 (0)
{{Isobox E185 }}
E185 [ Set 5]
cat:Elements (124)
cat:IB (E) (124)IB element }}
cat:List of isotopes (E) (122)
cat:Isobox (E) (119)Isobox (E) }}
Sets of existing pages, by exemplary element:
^ E118 (Oganesson ): Article, Infobox, Isotopes article, Isobox, eponymous category, isotopes categories (complete set, six pages). Discovered element, for reference.
^ a b E119 (Ununennium ): Article, Infobox, eponymous category, Isotopes article (but no big "§ List of isotopes " table). No Isobox.
^ a b c d E121 (Unbiunium ): Article, Infobox, eponymous category.
^ a b c d e f g E127 (Unbiseptium R-article only, on systematical name.
^ E185 (Unoctpentium ): No article, no redirect.
As of 4 Jan 2023[update] MOS:no new elements (no idle pages created; redirects for element names only)
Uue–Uoq (E119–E184) each have an article page by their systematic name. That is 66 article page. Six of these are content pages (articles), and 58 are a redirect.
R E172 would be the end of period 8 ("noble gas") and E173 would be the beginning of period 9.
{{Index by periodic table }} · Category:Hypothetical chemical elements (75)
Subtemplates
These subtemplates are used automatically; they do not need specific editor's input.
Bare Periodic table, micro
All element articles and their infoboxes use IUPAC spelling of elements and compounds. Notably, that is aluminium, sulfur, caesium , not aluminum, sulphur, cesium . For other English variant words (vapor vs. vapour) the infobox reads |engvar=. The parameter should be set in the article , and has options: en-US (or blank; default), en-GB, en-OED.
parameter
en-US
en-GB
en-OED
color
color
coloUr
coloUr
heat vaporization
vaporiZation
vaporiSation
vaporiZation
vapor pressure
vapor
vapoUr
vapoUr
ionization energy
ioniZation
ioniSation
ioniZation
crystal structure (list )-centEred
-centred
-centred
... oxidation-state/comment parenthesized
brackets
brackets
Note, what is shown in the infobox is not influenced by the parameter name spelling, nor its input value.
Articles having engvar set: see Category:WikiProject Elements pages using ENGVAR (12)
TemplateData
Template parameters[ Edit template data ]
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Unknown optional alt name alt nameno description
Unknown optional appearance appearanceno description
Unknown optional standard atomic weight ref standard atomic weight refno description
Unknown optional mass number comment mass number commentno description
Unknown optional abundance abundanceno description
Unknown optional abundance in earth's crust abundance in earth's crustno description
Unknown optional abundance in oceans abundance in oceansno description
Unknown optional abundance in solar system abundance in solar systemno description
Unknown optional above aboveno description
Unknown optional below belowno description
Unknown optional left leftno description
Unknown optional right rightno description
Unknown optional group ref group refno description
Unknown optional group comment group commentno description
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Unknown optional electrons per shell electrons per shellno description
Unknown optional electrons per shell ref electrons per shell refno description
Unknown optional electrons per shell comment electrons per shell commentno description
Unknown optional physical properties comment physical properties commentno description
Unknown optional physical properties physical propertiesno description
Unknown optional engvar engvarno description
Unknown optional color colorno description
Unknown optional phase phaseno description
Unknown optional phase comment phase commentno description
Unknown optional melting point K melting point Kno description
Unknown optional melting point prefix melting point prefixno description
Unknown optional melting point C melting point Cno description
Unknown optional melting point F melting point Fno description
Unknown optional melting point ref melting point refno description
Unknown optional melting point comment melting point commentno description
Unknown optional boiling point K boiling point Kno description
Unknown optional boiling point prefix boiling point prefixno description
Unknown optional boiling point C boiling point Cno description
Unknown optional boiling point F boiling point Fno description
Unknown optional boiling point ref boiling point refno description
Unknown optional boiling point comment boiling point commentno description
Unknown optional sublimation point K sublimation point Kno description
Unknown optional sublimation point C sublimation point Cno description
Unknown optional sublimation point F sublimation point Fno description
Unknown optional sublimation point ref sublimation point refno description
Unknown optional sublimation point comment sublimation point commentno description
Unknown optional density gplstp density gplstpno description
Unknown optional density gplstp ref density gplstp refno description
Unknown optional density gplstp comment density gplstp commentno description
Unknown optional density gpcm3nrt density gpcm3nrtno description
Unknown optional density gpcm3nrt ref density gpcm3nrt refno description
Unknown optional density gpcm3nrt comment density gpcm3nrt commentno description
Unknown optional density gpcm3nrt 2 density gpcm3nrt 2no description
Unknown optional density gpcm3nrt 2 ref density gpcm3nrt 2 refno description
Unknown optional density gpcm3nrt 2 comment density gpcm3nrt 2 commentno description
Unknown optional density gpcm3nrt 3 density gpcm3nrt 3no description
Unknown optional density gpcm3nrt 3 ref density gpcm3nrt 3 refno description
Unknown optional density gpcm3nrt 3 comment density gpcm3nrt 3 commentno description
Unknown optional density gpcm3mp density gpcm3mpno description
Unknown optional density gpcm3mp ref density gpcm3mp refno description
Unknown optional density gpcm3mp comment density gpcm3mp commentno description
Unknown optional density gpcm3bp density gpcm3bpno description
Unknown optional density gpcm3bp ref density gpcm3bp refno description
Unknown optional density gpcm3bp comment density gpcm3bp commentno description
Unknown optional molar volume molar volumeno description
Unknown optional molar volume unit molar volume unitno description
Unknown optional molar volume ref molar volume refno description
Unknown optional molar volume comment molar volume commentno description
Unknown optional triple point K triple point Kno description
Unknown optional triple point kPa triple point kPano description
Unknown optional triple point ref triple point refno description
Unknown optional triple point comment triple point commentno description
Unknown optional triple point K 2 triple point K 2no description
Unknown optional triple point kPa 2 triple point kPa 2no description
Unknown optional triple point 2 ref triple point 2 refno description
Unknown optional triple point 2 comment triple point 2 commentno description
Unknown optional critical point K critical point Kno description
Unknown optional critical point MPa critical point MPano description
Unknown optional critical point ref critical point refno description
Unknown optional critical point comment critical point commentno description
Unknown optional heat fusion heat fusionno description
Unknown optional heat fusion ref heat fusion refno description
Unknown optional heat fusion comment heat fusion commentno description
Unknown optional heat fusion 2 heat fusion 2no description
Unknown optional heat fusion 2 ref heat fusion 2 refno description
Unknown optional heat fusion 2 comment heat fusion 2 commentno description
Unknown optional heat vaporization heat vaporizationno description
Unknown optional heat vaporization ref heat vaporization refno description
Unknown optional heat vaporization comment heat vaporization commentno description
Unknown optional heat capacity heat capacityno description
Unknown optional heat capacity ref heat capacity refno description
Unknown optional heat capacity comment heat capacity commentno description
Unknown optional heat capacity 2 heat capacity 2no description
Unknown optional heat capacity 2 ref heat capacity 2 refno description
Unknown optional heat capacity 2 comment heat capacity 2 commentno description
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Unknown optional vapor pressure 100 k vapor pressure 100 kno description
Unknown optional vapor pressure ref vapor pressure refno description
Unknown optional vapor pressure comment vapor pressure commentno description
Unknown optional vapor pressure 10 vapor pressure 10no description
Unknown optional vapor pressure 100 vapor pressure 100no description
Unknown optional vapor pressure 1 k vapor pressure 1 kno description
Unknown optional vapor pressure 10 k vapor pressure 10 kno description
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Unknown optional vapor pressure 100 k 2 vapor pressure 100 k 2no description
Unknown optional vapor pressure 2 ref vapor pressure 2 refno description
Unknown optional vapor pressure 2 comment vapor pressure 2 commentno description
Unknown optional vapor pressure 10 2 vapor pressure 10 2no description
Unknown optional vapor pressure 100 2 vapor pressure 100 2no description
Unknown optional vapor pressure 1 k 2 vapor pressure 1 k 2no description
Unknown optional vapor pressure 10 k 2 vapor pressure 10 k 2no description
Unknown optional atomic properties comment atomic properties commentno description
Unknown optional atomic properties atomic propertiesno description
Unknown optional electronegativity electronegativityno description
Unknown optional electronegativity ref electronegativity refno description
Unknown optional electronegativity comment electronegativity commentno description
Unknown optional ionization energy 1 ionization energy 1no description
Unknown optional ionization energy 1 ref ionization energy 1 refno description
Unknown optional ionization energy 1 comment ionization energy 1 commentno description
Unknown optional ionization energy 2 ionization energy 2no description
Unknown optional ionization energy 2 ref ionization energy 2 refno description
Unknown optional ionization energy 2 comment ionization energy 2 commentno description
Unknown optional ionization energy 3 ionization energy 3no description
Unknown optional ionization energy 3 ref ionization energy 3 refno description
Unknown optional ionization energy 3 comment ionization energy 3 commentno description
Unknown optional number of ionization energies number of ionization energiesno description
Unknown optional ionization energy ref ionization energy refno description
Unknown optional ionization energy comment ionization energy commentno description
Unknown optional atomic radius atomic radiusno description
Unknown optional atomic radius ref atomic radius refno description
Unknown optional atomic radius comment atomic radius commentno description
Unknown optional atomic radius calculated atomic radius calculatedno description
Unknown optional atomic radius calculated ref atomic radius calculated refno description
Unknown optional atomic radius calculated comment atomic radius calculated commentno description
Unknown optional covalent radius covalent radiusno description
Unknown optional covalent radius ref covalent radius refno description
Unknown optional covalent radius comment covalent radius commentno description
Unknown optional Van der Waals radius Van der Waals radiusno description
Unknown optional Van der Waals radius ref Van der Waals radius refno description
Unknown optional Van der Waals radius comment Van der Waals radius commentno description
Unknown optional crystal structure prefix crystal structure prefixno description
Unknown optional crystal structure crystal structureno description
Unknown optional crystal structure comment crystal structure commentno description
Unknown optional crystal structure ref crystal structure refno description
Unknown optional lattice constant lattice constantno description
Unknown optional crystal structure 2 prefix crystal structure 2 prefixno description
Unknown optional crystal structure 2 crystal structure 2no description
Unknown optional crystal structure 2 comment crystal structure 2 commentno description
Unknown optional crystal structure 2 ref crystal structure 2 refno description
Unknown optional lattice constant 2 lattice constant 2no description
Unknown optional speed of sound speed of soundno description
Unknown optional speed of sound ref speed of sound refno description
Unknown optional speed of sound comment speed of sound commentno description
Unknown optional speed of sound rod at 20 speed of sound rod at 20no description
Unknown optional speed of sound rod at 20 ref speed of sound rod at 20 refno description
Unknown optional speed of sound rod at 20 comment speed of sound rod at 20 commentno description
Unknown optional speed of sound rod at r.t. speed of sound rod at r.t.no description
Unknown optional speed of sound rod at r.t. ref speed of sound rod at r.t. refno description
Unknown optional speed of sound rod at r.t. comment speed of sound rod at r.t. commentno description
Unknown optional thermal expansion thermal expansionno description
Unknown optional thermal expansion ref thermal expansion refno description
Unknown optional thermal expansion comment thermal expansion commentno description
Unknown optional thermal expansion at 25 thermal expansion at 25no description
Unknown optional thermal expansion at 25 ref thermal expansion at 25 refno description
Unknown optional thermal expansion at 25 comment thermal expansion at 25 commentno description
Unknown optional thermal conductivity thermal conductivityno description
Unknown optional thermal conductivity ref thermal conductivity refno description
Unknown optional thermal conductivity comment thermal conductivity commentno description
Unknown optional thermal conductivity 2 thermal conductivity 2no description
Unknown optional thermal conductivity 2 ref thermal conductivity 2 refno description
Unknown optional thermal conductivity 2 comment thermal conductivity 2 commentno description
Unknown optional thermal diffusivity thermal diffusivityno description
Unknown optional thermal diffusivity ref thermal diffusivity refno description
Unknown optional thermal diffusivity comment thermal diffusivity commentno description
Unknown optional electrical resistivity electrical resistivityno description
Unknown optional electrical resistivity unit prefix electrical resistivity unit prefixno description
Unknown optional electrical resistivity ref electrical resistivity refno description
Unknown optional electrical resistivity comment electrical resistivity commentno description
Unknown optional electrical resistivity at 0 electrical resistivity at 0no description
Unknown optional electrical resistivity at 0 ref electrical resistivity at 0 refno description
Unknown optional electrical resistivity at 0 comment electrical resistivity at 0 commentno description
Unknown optional electrical resistivity at 20 electrical resistivity at 20no description
Unknown optional electrical resistivity at 20 ref electrical resistivity at 20 refno description
Unknown optional electrical resistivity at 20 comment electrical resistivity at 20 commentno description
Unknown optional band gap band gapno description
Unknown optional band gap ref band gap refno description
Unknown optional band gap comment band gap commentno description
Unknown optional Curie point K Curie point Kno description
Unknown optional Curie point ref Curie point refno description
Unknown optional Curie point comment Curie point commentno description
Unknown optional magnetic ordering magnetic orderingno description
Unknown optional magnetic ordering ref magnetic ordering refno description
Unknown optional magnetic ordering comment magnetic ordering commentno description
Unknown optional magnetic susceptibility magnetic susceptibilityno description
Unknown optional magnetic susceptibility ref magnetic susceptibility refno description
Unknown optional tensile strength tensile strengthno description
Unknown optional tensile strength ref tensile strength refno description
Unknown optional tensile strength comment tensile strength commentno description
Unknown optional Young's modulus Young's modulusno description
Unknown optional Young's modulus ref Young's modulus refno description
Unknown optional Young's modulus comment Young's modulus commentno description
Unknown optional Shear modulus Shear modulusno description
Unknown optional Shear modulus ref Shear modulus refno description
Unknown optional Shear modulus comment Shear modulus commentno description
Unknown optional Bulk modulus Bulk modulusno description
Unknown optional Bulk modulus ref Bulk modulus refno description
Unknown optional Bulk modulus comment Bulk modulus commentno description
Unknown optional Poisson ratio Poisson rationo description
Unknown optional Poisson ratio ref Poisson ratio refno description
Unknown optional Poisson ratio comment Poisson ratio commentno description
Unknown optional Mohs hardness Mohs hardnessno description
Unknown optional Mohs hardness ref Mohs hardness refno description
Unknown optional Mohs hardness comment Mohs hardness commentno description
Unknown optional Mohs hardness 2 Mohs hardness 2no description
Unknown optional Mohs hardness 2 ref Mohs hardness 2 refno description
Unknown optional Mohs hardness 2 comment Mohs hardness 2 commentno description
Unknown optional Vickers hardness Vickers hardnessno description
Unknown optional Vickers hardness ref Vickers hardness refno description
Unknown optional Vickers hardness comment Vickers hardness commentno description
Unknown optional Brinell hardness Brinell hardnessno description
Unknown optional Brinell hardness ref Brinell hardness refno description
Unknown optional Brinell hardness comment Brinell hardness commentno description
Unknown optional CAS number CAS numberno description
Unknown optional CAS number ref CAS number refno description
Unknown optional CAS number comment CAS number commentno description
Unknown optional naming namingno description
Unknown optional predicted by predicted byno description
Unknown optional prediction date prediction dateno description
Unknown optional discovered by discovered byno description
Unknown optional discovery date discovery dateno description
Unknown optional first isolation by first isolation byno description
Unknown optional first isolation date first isolation dateno description
Unknown optional named by named byno description
Unknown optional named date named dateno description
Unknown optional history comment history commentno description
Unknown optional prediction date ref prediction date refno description
Unknown optional discovery and first isolation by discovery and first isolation byno description
Unknown optional discovery date ref discovery date refno description
Unknown optional first isolation date ref first isolation date refno description
Unknown optional named date ref named date refno description
Unknown optional history comment label history comment labelno description
Unknown optional theoretical isotopes comment theoretical isotopes commentno description
Unknown optional Z Zno description
Unknown optional density conditions density conditionsno description
Unknown optional density densityno description
Unknown optional lattice constants lattice constantsno description
Unknown optional crystal structure Pearson symbol crystal structure Pearson symbolno description
Unknown optional lattice constants 2 lattice constants 2no description
Unknown optional crystal structure 2 Pearson symbol crystal structure 2 Pearson symbolno description
Unknown optional
References
These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
See also
Tracking categories
Index by periodic table
Chemical element data sets
ID Periodic table Properties(overview ) Etymology enwiki Images Isotopes Overviews Data hardcoded(not using these datalists) nav
Wikidata
