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'''Rape during the liberation of France''' was serious both during and after the advance of [[United States forces]] across [[France]] against [[Nazi Germany]] in later stages of [[World War II]].
Hundreds of instances of rape committed by US Military personnel were reported during and after the liberation of France in [[World War II]].<ref name=aap20130526/><ref name=afp20130526>{{cite news | first=Fabienne| last=Faur | title=GI's were liberators yes, but also trouble in Normandy | date=2013-05-26 | publisher=[[Agence France-Presse]] | url =http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hY3cUraWo4fVJqWbA34Fd2IeTFOQ?docId=CNG.26cca045d911d64d66269c72328f270e.b11 | accessdate = 2013-05-30}}</ref>


By the late summer of 1944, large numbers of women in [[Normandy]] were making complaint about rapes by American soldiers.<ref name=s20130529>{{cite news | author= Mathieu von Rohr | title='Bandits in Uniform': The Dark Side of GIs in Liberated France| date=May 29, 2013 | publisher=[[Der Spiegel|Spiegel]] | url =http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/new-book-reveals-dark-side-of-american-soldiers-in-liberated-france-a-902266.html | accessdate = 2013-05-31}}</ref> However, [[Normandy landings]] has long been dramatizeed as one of handsome young men liberating an occupied country.<ref name=ni20130527>{{cite news | title=Were GI’s liberators in Normandy | date=May 27, 2013 | publisher=[[The News International]] | url =http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-1-180111-Were-GI%20s-liberators-in-Normandy | accessdate = 2013-05-31}}</ref>
When the U.S. soldiers landed in [[Normandy]] on [[D-Day]], they were greeted as liberators, but by the time American soldiers backed home, many French citizens viewed them as very different light.<ref name=nyt20130520>{{cite news | first=JENNIFER | last=SCHUESSLER | title=The Dark Side of Liberation | date=2013-05-20 | publisher=[[New York Times]] | url =http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/21/books/rape-by-american-soldiers-in-world-war-ii-france.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 | accessdate = 2013-05-30}}</ref> Hundreds of cases of rapes were reported.<ref name=aap20130526/><ref name=afp20130526>{{cite news | first=Fabienne| last=Faur | title=GI's were liberators yes, but also trouble in Normandy | date=2013-05-26 | publisher=[[Agence France-Presse]] | url =http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hY3cUraWo4fVJqWbA34Fd2IeTFOQ?docId=CNG.26cca045d911d64d66269c72328f270e.b11 | accessdate = 2013-05-30}}</ref> By the late summer of 1944, large numbers of women in [[Normandy]] were making complaint about rapes by American soldiers.<ref name=s20130529>{{cite news | author= Mathieu von Rohr | title='Bandits in Uniform': The Dark Side of GIs in Liberated France| date=May 29, 2013 | publisher=[[Der Spiegel|Spiegel]] | url =http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/new-book-reveals-dark-side-of-american-soldiers-in-liberated-france-a-902266.html | accessdate = 2013-05-31}}</ref> However, [[Normandy landings]] has long been dramatizeed as one of handsome young men liberating an occupied country.<ref name=ni20130527>{{cite news | title=Were GI’s liberators in Normandy | date=May 27, 2013 | publisher=[[The News International]] | url =http://www.thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-1-180111-Were-GI%20s-liberators-in-Normandy | accessdate = 2013-05-31}}</ref>

In August 1945, [[Pierre Voisin]], mayor of [[Le Havre]] urged [[Colonel]] [[Thomas Weed]], U.S. commander in the region to set up [[brothel]]s outside Le Havre city, to halt the “scenes contrary to decency” that overran the streets, day and night.<ref name=nyt20130520/><ref name=aap20130526/> The residents could not go out for a walk without seeing sex acts.<ref name=aap20130526/> However, U.S. commanders refused.<ref name=nyt20130520/><ref name=aap20130526/> Thereafter, Le Havre citizens complainted against the mayor that we are attacked, robbed, run over both on the street and in our houses, and this is a regime of terror, imposed by [[bandit]]s in uniform.<ref name=s20130529/> A coffeehouse owner from Le Havre also testified "We expected friends who would not make us ashamed of our defeat. Instead, there came only incomprehension, arrogance, incredibly bad manners and the swagger of conquerors."<ref name=an20130529/>


A local resident testified that "With the [[German people|German]]s, the men had to camouflage themselves -- but with the [[American people|American]]s, we had to hide the women."<ref name=aap20130526>{{cite news | first=Fabienne| last= Faur | title=French saw WWII GIs as thugs, book claims| date=2013-05-26 | publisher=[[Australian Associated Press]] | url =http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/world/gis-were-liberators-but-also-trouble/story-e6frfkui-1226650857524 | accessdate = 2013-05-30}}</ref>
A local resident testified that "With the [[German people|German]]s, the men had to camouflage themselves -- but with the [[American people|American]]s, we had to hide the women."<ref name=aap20130526>{{cite news | first=Fabienne| last= Faur | title=French saw WWII GIs as thugs, book claims| date=2013-05-26 | publisher=[[Australian Associated Press]] | url =http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/world/gis-were-liberators-but-also-trouble/story-e6frfkui-1226650857524 | accessdate = 2013-05-30}}</ref>


According to [[Mary Louise Roberts]], the author of ''What Soldiers Do: Sex and the American GI in World War II France, '' American propaganda did not sell the war to soldiers as a struggle for freedom but as a sexual adventure."<ref name=ge20130530>{{cite news | first=Laura | last= Oneale | title=What Soldiers Do an American WWII GI Expose | date=May 30, 2013 | publisher=[[Guardian Express]] | url =http://guardianlv.com/2013/05/what-soldiers-do-an-american-wwii-gi-expose/ | accessdate = 2013-05-31}}</ref> During World War II, [[Life magazine]] agitated U.S. soldiers depicting France as “a tremendous brothel inhabited by 40 million hedonists,”.<ref name=nyt20130520>{{cite news | first=JENNIFER | last=SCHUESSLER | title=The Dark Side of Liberation | date=2013-05-20 | publisher=[[New York Times]] | url =http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/21/books/rape-by-american-soldiers-in-world-war-ii-france.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 | accessdate = 2013-05-30}}</ref> Hundreds of cases of rapes were reported.<ref name=aap20130526/<ref name=aap20130526/>
According to [[Mary Louise Roberts]], the author of ''What Soldiers Do: Sex and the American GI in World War II France, '' American propaganda did not sell the war to soldiers as a struggle for freedom but as a sexual adventure."<ref name=ge20130530>{{cite news | first=Laura | last= Oneale | title=What Soldiers Do an American WWII GI Expose | date=May 30, 2013 | publisher=[[Guardian Express]] | url =http://guardianlv.com/2013/05/what-soldiers-do-an-american-wwii-gi-expose/ | accessdate = 2013-05-31}}</ref> During World War II, [[Life magazine]] agitated U.S. soldiers depicting France as “a tremendous brothel inhabited by 40 million hedonists,”.<ref name=nyt20130520/><ref name=aap20130526/>


U.S. forces held 152 courts-martials of American rapes of French, German and British civilian women, but the records emphasized the grossly disproportionate prosecution of [[African American|African soldier]]s.<ref name=nyt20130520/><ref name=aap20130526/> The rate was that 130 of the 153 troops disciplined by the army were African Americans.<ref name=ge20130530/> U.S. officers tried to bottle up the damage to their reputation by scapegoating [[African American]] soldiers and proclaiming rape to be [[Black crime]].<ref name="roberts257">{{cite book |last= Roberts |first= Mary |title= What Soldiers Do: Sex and the American GI in World War II France |url=http://books.google.de/books?id=m0Qwu3qV374C&printsec=frontcover&dq=What+Soldiers+Do:+Sex+and+the+American+GI+in+World+War+II+France&hl=fr&sa=X&ei=oVCnUezAIZHpkAXP4IGQDg&redir_esc=y |publisher= [[University of Chicago Press]] |date=2013 |ISBN= 0226923096 |page= 257}}</ref>
U.S. forces held 152 courts-martials of American rapes of French, German and British civilian women, but the records emphasized the grossly disproportionate prosecution of [[African American|African soldier]]s.<ref name=nyt20130520/><ref name=aap20130526/> The rate was that 130 of the 153 troops disciplined by the army were African Americans.<ref name=ge20130530/> U.S. officers tried to bottle up the damage to their reputation by scapegoating [[African American]] soldiers and proclaiming rape to be [[Black crime]].<ref name="roberts257">{{cite book |last= Roberts |first= Mary |title= What Soldiers Do: Sex and the American GI in World War II France |url=http://books.google.de/books?id=m0Qwu3qV374C&printsec=frontcover&dq=What+Soldiers+Do:+Sex+and+the+American+GI+in+World+War+II+France&hl=fr&sa=X&ei=oVCnUezAIZHpkAXP4IGQDg&redir_esc=y |publisher= [[University of Chicago Press]] |date=2013 |ISBN= 0226923096 |page= 257}}</ref>
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*[[Rape during the occupation of Germany]]
*[[Rape during the occupation of Germany]]
*[[Rape during the occupation of Japan]]
*[[Rape during the occupation of Japan]]
*[[Special Comfort Facility Association]]
*[[U.N. Comfort Station]]


==references==
==references==

Revision as of 02:32, 1 June 2013

Rape during the liberation of France was serious both during and after the advance of United States forces across France against Nazi Germany in later stages of World War II.

When the U.S. soldiers landed in Normandy on D-Day, they were greeted as liberators, but by the time American soldiers backed home, many French citizens viewed them as very different light.[1] Hundreds of cases of rapes were reported.[2][3] By the late summer of 1944, large numbers of women in Normandy were making complaint about rapes by American soldiers.[4] However, Normandy landings has long been dramatizeed as one of handsome young men liberating an occupied country.[5]

In August 1945, Pierre Voisin, mayor of Le Havre urged Colonel Thomas Weed, U.S. commander in the region to set up brothels outside Le Havre city, to halt the “scenes contrary to decency” that overran the streets, day and night.[1][2] The residents could not go out for a walk without seeing sex acts.[2] However, U.S. commanders refused.[1][2] Thereafter, Le Havre citizens complainted against the mayor that we are attacked, robbed, run over both on the street and in our houses, and this is a regime of terror, imposed by bandits in uniform.[4] A coffeehouse owner from Le Havre also testified "We expected friends who would not make us ashamed of our defeat. Instead, there came only incomprehension, arrogance, incredibly bad manners and the swagger of conquerors."[6]

A local resident testified that "With the Germans, the men had to camouflage themselves -- but with the Americans, we had to hide the women."[2]

According to Mary Louise Roberts, the author of What Soldiers Do: Sex and the American GI in World War II France, American propaganda did not sell the war to soldiers as a struggle for freedom but as a sexual adventure."[7] During World War II, Life magazine agitated U.S. soldiers depicting France as “a tremendous brothel inhabited by 40 million hedonists,”.[1][2]

U.S. forces held 152 courts-martials of American rapes of French, German and British civilian women, but the records emphasized the grossly disproportionate prosecution of African soldiers.[1][2] The rate was that 130 of the 153 troops disciplined by the army were African Americans.[7] U.S. officers tried to bottle up the damage to their reputation by scapegoating African American soldiers and proclaiming rape to be Black crime.[8]

Taken by Force writen by Bob Lilly, American sociologist also reports the estimated 14,000 rapes committed by U.S. soldiers in France, Germany and United Kingdom between 1942 and 1945.[9]

What Soldiers Do: Sex and the American GI in World War II France, released one day after Toru Hashimoto, mayor of Osaka roused an international debate by stating that the justification of using of comfort women during WWII, and accused other countries of same using.[7][6] The publication of the book, also focus on problems of sexual assault in the military persist to today by those in uniform.[6]

See also

references

  1. ^ a b c d e SCHUESSLER, JENNIFER (2013-05-20). "The Dark Side of Liberation". New York Times. Retrieved 2013-05-30.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Faur, Fabienne (2013-05-26). "French saw WWII GIs as thugs, book claims". Australian Associated Press. Retrieved 2013-05-30.
  3. ^ Faur, Fabienne (2013-05-26). "GI's were liberators yes, but also trouble in Normandy". Agence France-Presse. Retrieved 2013-05-30.
  4. ^ a b Mathieu von Rohr (May 29, 2013). "'Bandits in Uniform': The Dark Side of GIs in Liberated France". Spiegel. Retrieved 2013-05-31.
  5. ^ "Were GI's liberators in Normandy". The News International. May 27, 2013. Retrieved 2013-05-31.
  6. ^ a b c "American WWII GIs were dangerous sex-crazed rapists who the French feared as much as the Germans, explosive book claims". Associated Newspapers. 29 May 2013. Retrieved 2013-05-31.
  7. ^ a b c Oneale, Laura (May 30, 2013). "What Soldiers Do an American WWII GI Expose". Guardian Express. Retrieved 2013-05-31.
  8. ^ Roberts, Mary (2013). What Soldiers Do: Sex and the American GI in World War II France. University of Chicago Press. p. 257. ISBN 0226923096.
  9. ^ Wilson, David (27 March 2007). "The secret war: We know that conflict creates conditions in which soldiers commit rape and murder. Why should American GIs in the 1940s be an exception?". Guardian. Retrieved 2013-05-31.

Books

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