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National Democratic Alliance

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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Gazoth (talk | contribs) at 19:15, 3 July 2019 (Adding local short description: "Coalition of right-leaning Indian political parties" (Shortdesc helper)). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

For other parties of the same name, see National Democratic Alliance (disambiguation).

National Democratic Alliance
AbbreviationNDA
ChairmanAmit Shah
Lok Sabha LeaderNarendra Modi
(Prime Minister)
Rajya Sabha LeaderThawar Chand Gehlot
(Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment)
FounderBharatiya Janata Party
Founded1998
Political positionMajority centre-right to right-wing
Seats in Lok Sabha
401 / 545
Seats in Rajya Sabha
131 / 245
Number of states and union territories in government
21 / 31

The National Democratic Alliance (NDA) is a coalition of right-leaning political parties in India.[1] At the time of its formation in 1998, it was led by the BJP and had 13 constituent parties. Its chairman was late Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Also representing the alliance are L. K. Advani, former Deputy Prime Minister, who is the acting chairman of the Alliance, Narendra Modi, current Prime Minister and the Leader of the House in Lok Sabha; and Thawar Chand Gehlot, Leader of the House in Rajya Sabha and Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment. The coalition ruled from 1998 to 2004. The alliance returned to power in the 2014 General Elections with a combined vote share of 38.5%.[2] Its leader, Narendra Modi, was sworn in as Prime Minister of India on 26 May 2014. In the 2019 General Elections, the Alliance further increased its tally to 353 seats with combined vote share of 45.43%.

History

First prime minister from NDA, Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Prime Minister Narendra Modi

The NDA was formed in May 1998 as a coalition to contest the general elections. It was led by the BJP, and included several regional parties, including the Samta Party and the AIADMK, as well as Shiv Sena, the only member which shared the Hindutva ideology of the BJP.[3][4] With outside support provided by the TDP, the NDA was able to muster a slim majority in the elections of 1998, and Atal Bihari Vajpayee returned as prime minister.[5] The government collapsed within a year because the (AIADMK) withdrew its support. After the entry of a few more regional parties, the NDA proceeded to win the 1999 elections with a larger majority. Vajpayee became Prime Minister for a third time, this time for a full five-year term.[6]

The NDA called elections in early 2004, six months ahead of schedule. Its campaign was based around the slogan of "India Shining" which attempted to depict the NDA government as responsible for a rapid economic transformation of the country. However, the NDA suffered a defeat, winning only a 186 seats in the Lok Sabha, compared to the 222 of the United Progressive Alliance led by the Congress, with Manmohan Singh succeeding Vajpayee as prime minister. Commentators have stated that the NDA's failure to reach out to the rural masses was the explanation for its defeat.[7][8]

Structure

The National Democratic Alliance does not have a formal governing structure in place, such as an executive board or politburo. It has been up to the leaders of the individual parties to make decisions on issues such as sharing of seats in elections, allocation of ministries and the issues that are raised in Parliament. Given the varied ideologies among the parties, there have been many cases of disagreement and split voting among the allies. Owing to ill health, George Fernandes, who was the NDA convener until 2008, was discharged of his responsibility and replaced by Sharad Yadav, the then national president of the JD(U) political party. On 16 June 2013, the JD(U) left the coalition and Sharad Yadav resigned from the role of the NDA convener. Then the CM of Andhra Pradesh Chandrababu Naidu was made the NDA convener.[9] On 27 July 2017 JD(U) with the help of BJP formed the government in Bihar. Later, on 19 August 2017 JD(U) formally rejoined the NDA after 4 years.[10]

Present Members and Seats in Parliament

Main article: List of National Democratic Alliance members

Currently, the parties in and supporting the NDA are:

Party MPs in Lok Sabha MPs in Rajya Sabha Base State
style="background-color:Template:Bharatiya Janata Party/meta/color; text-align: center; color:white;" |1 Bharatiya Janata Party 303 75 National Party
style="background-color:Template:Janata Dal (United)/meta/color; text-align: center; color:white;" |2 Janata Dal (United) 16 6 Bihar
style="background-color:Template:Shiv Sena/meta/color; text-align: center; color:white;" |3 Shiv Sena 18 3 Maharashtra
style="background-color:Template:All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam/meta/color; text-align: center; color:white;" |4 All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam 1 13 Tamil Nadu
style="background-color:Template:Lok Janshakti Party/meta/color; text-align: center; color:white;" |5 Lok Janshakti Party 6 1 Bihar
style="background-color:Template:Shiromani Akali Dal/meta/color; text-align: center;" |6 Shiromani Akali Dal 2 3 Punjab
7 Apna Dal (Sonelal) 2 0 Uttar Pradesh
style="background-color:Template:Naga People's Front/meta/color; text-align:center; color:white;" |8 Naga People's Front 1 1 Manipur
style="background-color:Template:Republican Party of India (Athvale)/meta/color; text-align: center; color:white;" |9 Republican Party of India (A) 0 1 Maharashtra
style="background-color:Template:All Jharkhand Students Union/meta/color; text-align: center; color:white;" |10 All Jharkhand Students Union 1 0 Jharkhand
11 Rashtriya Loktantrik Party 1 0 Rajasthan
12 Asom Gana Parishad 0 1 Assam
13 Bodoland People's Front 0 1 Assam
style="background-color:Template:Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party/meta/color; text-align: center; color:white;" |14 Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party 1 0 Nagaland
style="background-color:Template:National People's Party (India)/meta/color; text-align: center; color:white;" |15 National People's Party 1 0 Meghalaya
style="background-color:Template:Sikkim Democratic Front/meta/color; text-align:center; color:white;" |16 Sikkim Democratic Front 0 1 Sikkim
style="background-color:Template:Mizo National Front/meta/color; text-align:center; color:white;" |17 Mizo National Front 1 0 Mizoram
style="background-color:Template:Sikkim Krantikari Morcha/meta/color; text-align:center; color:white;" |18 Sikkim Krantikari Morcha 1 0 Sikkim
19 Telangana Rashtra Samiti 9 6 Telangana

20

Yuvajana Sramika Rythu Congress Party 22 2 Andhra

Pradesh

21

Biju Janata Dal 12 7 Odisha
22


Independent 1 4 None
23


Nominated 2 3 None
=


Total 401 131 India

NDA Governments in various states

Current ruling parties in India
  President's rule
  BJP
  Coalition with BJP
  INC
  Coalition with INC
  Other parties (AAP, AITC, BJD, CPI(M), TRS & YSRCP)

As of November 2018, the BJP holds a majority of Legislative Assembly in 10 states - Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Manipur, Tripura, Uttarakhand, Gujarat, and Uttar Pradesh. In 2 states - Goa and Maharashtra BJP shares power as Senior Partner (Chief Ministers of BJP) with other political parties of NDA coalition.

In 5 other states, Bihar, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tamil Nadu and Mizoram, it shares power as Junior Partner with other political parties of the NDA coalition.

The BJP has previously been the sole party in power in Delhi, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh and Karnataka. It has also ruled Andhra Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Odisha, Punjab and Puducherry as part of coalition governments.

List of Current NDA Chief Ministers

See also: List of chief ministers from the Bharatiya Janata Party
State/UT Govt Since Chief Minister CM's Party CM Since Alliance Partner Seats in Assembly Percentage of Seats
Arunachal Pradesh 16 September 2016 Pema Khandu BJP 16 September 2016 JDU(7), NPP(5) 55/60 92
Assam 19 May 2016 Sarbananda Sonowal BJP 19 May 2016 AGP(14), BPF(12) 88/126 70
Bihar 27 July 2017 Nitish Kumar JD(U) 27 July 2017 BJP(54), LJP(2) 133/243 55
Gujarat 28 February 1998 Vijay Rupani BJP 7 August 2016 None 105/182 58
Haryana 19 October 2014 Manohar Lal Khattar BJP 26 October 2014 None 49/90 54
Jharkhand 23 December 2014 Raghubar Das BJP 28 December 2014 AJSU(4) 47/81 58
Maharashtra 19 October 2014 Devendra Fadnavis BJP 31 October 2014 SS(66) 194/288 67
Manipur 11 March 2017 Nongthombam Biren Singh BJP 15 March 2017 NPF(4), NPP(4) 41/60 68
Nagaland 8 March 2018 Neiphiu Rio NDPP 8 March 2018 BJP(12) 34/60 57
Tripura 9 March 2018 Biplab Kumar Deb BJP 9 March 2018 IPFT(8) 43/60 72
Uttar Pradesh 11 March 2017 Yogi Adityanath BJP 19 March 2017 AD(9) 321/403 80
Uttarakhand 11 March 2017 Trivendra Singh Rawat BJP 18 March 2017 None 57/70 81
Himachal Pradesh 18 December 2017 Jai Ram Thakur BJP 27 December 2017 None 44/68 65
Tamil Nadu 16 May 2011 Edappadi K. Palaniswami AIADMK 16 February 2017 None 123/234 53
Goa 8 November 2014 Pramod Sawant BJP 19 March 2019 GFP(3) 23/40 58
Meghalaya 6 March 2018 Conrad Sangma NPP 6 March 2018 UDP(8), PDF(4) 38/60 63
Mizoram 15 December 2018 Zoramthanga MNF 15 December 2018 None 27/40 68
Sikkim 27 May 2019 Prem Singh Tamang SKM 27 May 2019 None 17/32 53

BJP Strength in State Legislatives Vidhan Sabha

State/UT Assembly BJP NDA Government Ref(s)
Andhra Pradesh 175 Nil None YSRCP [11]
Arunachal Pradesh 60 41 Janata Dal (United) (7), National People's Party (5) BJP [12]
Assam 126 61 Asom Gana Parishad (14), Bodoland People's Front (12) BJP [13]
Bihar 243 53 Janata Dal (United) (72), Lok Janshakti Party (2) NDA [14]
Chhattisgarh 90 15 None INC [15]
Goa 40 17 Goa Forward Party (3) BJP [16]
Gujarat 182 104 None BJP [17]
Haryana 90 48 None BJP [18]
Himachal Pradesh 68 44 None BJP [19]
Jammu and Kashmir 87 25 None President's rule [20]
Jharkhand 81 43 All Jharkhand Students Union (4) BJP [21]
Karnataka 224 105 None UPA [22]
Kerala 140 1 2 LDF [23]
Madhya Pradesh 230 109 None INC [24]
Maharashtra 288 128 Shiv Sena (66) BJP [25]
Manipur 60 31 National People's Party (4) BJP [26]
Meghalaya 60 2 National People's Party (20), United Democratic Party (8), People's Democratic Front (4) NDA [27]
Mizoram 40 1 Mizo National Front (26) NDA [28]
Nagaland 60 12 Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party (20) NDA [29]
Odisha 147 23 None BJD [30]
Punjab 117 2 Shiromani Akali Dal (13) INC [31]
Rajasthan 200 73 Rashtriya Loktantrik Party (3) INC [32]
Sikkim 32 Nil Sikkim Krantikari Morcha (17) NDA [33]
Tamil Nadu 234 Nil All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (123) NDA [34]
Telangana 119 1 None TRS [35]
Tripura 60 35 Indigenous People's Front of Tripura (8) BJP [36]
Uttar Pradesh 403 311 Apna Dal (9) BJP [37]
Uttarakhand 70 57 None BJP [38]
West Bengal 294 6 None AITC [39]
Delhi 70 4 None AAP [40]
Puducherry 30 3 All India N.R. Congress (7), All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (4) INC [41]
Total 4120 1352 477 NDA (18)

List of Prime Ministers

No. Prime Ministers Year Duration Constituency
1 Atal Bihari Vajpayee 1996(16 May-1 June), 1998-1999, 1999–2004 6 years Lucknow
2 Narendra Modi 2014–Present 5 years Varanasi

List of NDA Candidates Election wise

List of NDA Candidates for 2019

Main article: List of NDA Candidates for 2019 Election

List of NDA Candidates for 2014

Main article: List of NDA Candidates for 2014 Election

Alliance Election wise

For Lok Sabha Election 2019

Constituents of National Democratic Alliance (Pre-poll Alliance)
Party Alliance in states Seats sharing References
Bharatiya Janata Party All States and UT 437
Shiv Sena Maharashtra 23
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 20
Janata Dal (United) Bihar 17
Shiromani Akali Dal Punjab 10
Pattali Makkal Katchi Tamil Nadu 7
Lok Janshakti Party Bihar 6
Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 4
Bharath Dharma Jana Sena Kerala 4
Asom Gana Parishad Assam 3
Apna Dal (Sonelal) Uttar Pradesh 2
All Jharkhand Students Union Jharkhand 1
Puthiya Tamilagam Tamil Nadu 1
Tamil Maanila Congress Tamil Nadu 1
Puthiya Needhi Katchi Tamil Nadu 1
All India N.R. Congress Pudhucherry 1
Bodoland People's Front Assam 1
Nationalist Democratic Progressive Party Nagaland 1
Kerala Congress (Thomas) Kerala 1
Rashtriya Loktantrik Party Rajasthan 1
Independent Karnataka 1

For Lok Sabha Election 2014

Party Base State Seats Contested Seats Won Seat Change
Bharatiya Janata Party National Party 426 282 Increase166
Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 15 0 0
Pattali Makkal Katchi Tamil Nadu 8 1 Increase1
Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 7 0 Decrease1
Kongunadu Makkal Desia Katchi Tamil Nadu 1 0 0
Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi Tamil Nadu 1 0 0
New Justice Party Tamil Nadu 1 0 0
Telugu Desam Party AP, Telangana 30 16 Increase10
Jana Sena Party AP, Telangana 0 – –
Shiv Sena Maharashtra 20 18 Increase7
Swabhimani Paksha Maharashtra 2 1 Increase0
Republican Party of India (Athvale) Maharashtra 1 0 0
Rashtriya Samaj Paksha Maharashtra 1 0 0
Shiromani Akali Dal Punjab 10 4 Increase0
Lok Janshakti Party Bihar 7 6 Increase6
Rashtriya Lok Samata Party Bihar 3 3 Increase3
Haryana Janhit Congress Haryana 2 0 Decrease1
Apna Dal Uttar Pradesh 2 2 Increase2
Kerala Congress (Nationalist) Kerala 1 0 0
Revolutionary Socialist Party (Bolshevik) Kerala 1 0 0
All India N.R. Congress Puducherry 1 1 Increase1
National People's Party (India) Meghalaya 1 1 Increase1
Naga People's Front Nagaland 1 1 Increase0
Mizo National Front Mizoram 1 0 0
Manipur Peoples Party Manipur 0 – –
Gorkha Janmukti Morcha West Bengal 0 – –
Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party Goa 0 – –
Goa Vikas Party Goa 0 – –
North-East Regional Political Front North East # – –
National Democratic Alliance – Total India 543 336 Increase195

^ BJP had fielded 427 candidates on 427 seats out of 543 but nomination of BJP candidate S. Gurumoorthy was rejected from Niligiris for failing to submit mandatory forms during his nomination.[42][43][44][45][46][47]
(#) NPP, NPF and MNF are contesting in each Seats & Other 8 Members supporting NDA Candidates

For Lok Sabha Election 2009

Prime minister candidate Parties
L. K. Advani Bharatiya Janata Party

Janata Dal (United)
Shiromani Akali Dal
Shiv Sena
Indian National Lok Dal
Rashtriya Lok Dal
Asom Gana Parishad
Nagaland People's Front
Gorkha Janmukti Morcha
Uttarakhand Kranti Dal
Kamtapur Progressive Party
Ladakh Union Territory Front

Telangana Rashtra Samithi[48]

For Lok Sabha Election 2004

Prime Minister Candidate Parties
A B Vajpayee Bharatiya Janata Party

Janata Dal (United)
All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
Telugu Desam Party
Biju Janata Dal
Shiromani Akali Dal
All India Trinamool Congress
Shiv Sena
Janata Party
Mizo National Front
Indian Federal Democratic Party
Manipur State Congress Party

For Lok Sabha Election 1999

Prime Minister Candidate Parties
A B Vajpayee Bharatiya Janata Party

Janata Dal (United)
Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
Samata Party
Biju Janata Dal
Shiromani Akali Dal
Nationalist Trinamool Congress
Shiv Sena
Pattali Makkal Katchi
Lok Shakti
Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhhagam
Haryana Vikas Party
Indian National Lok Dal
Mizo National Front
Sikkim Democratic Front
Manipur State Congress Party
Telugu Desam Party (External Support)

For Lok Sabha Election 1998

Prime Minister Candidate Parties
A B Vajpayee Bharatiya Janata Party

All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam
Samata Party
Biju Janata Dal
Shiromani Akali Dal
Nationalist Trinamool Congress
Shiv Sena
Pattali Makkal Katchi
Lok Shakti
Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhhagam
Haryana Vikas Party
Janata Party
Mizo National Front
NTR TDP(LP)

Past members

Party Base State Withdrawal Date Reason for Withdrawal
style="background-color:Template:Lok Shakti/meta/color; text-align: center;" | Lok Shakti Bihar 1999 Merged with Janata Dal (United) for 1999 Elections
style="background-color:Template:Jammu & Kashmir National Conference/meta/color; text-align: center;" | J & K National Conference Jammu and Kashmir 2002 Blaming the BJP for its loss in the Jammu and Kashmir state elections.
style="background-color:Template:Samata Party/meta/color; text-align: center;" | Samta Party Bihar 2003 Merged with Janata Dal (United) in 2003
style="background-color:Template:Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam/meta/color; text-align: center;" | Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 2004 Aligned with Congress Party during 2004 elections
style="background-color:Template:Haryana Vikas Party/meta/color; text-align: center;" | Haryana Vikas Party Haryana 2004 Merged with Congress
style="background-color:Template:Indian Federal Democratic Party/meta/color; text-align: center;" | Indian Federal Democratic Party Kerala 2004 Following the 2004 election, Merged with Kerala Congress
style="background-color:Template:All India Trinamool Congress/meta/color; text-align: center;" | All India Trinamool Congress West Bengal 2007 Aligned with the Congress party before the 2009 elections.
style="background-color:Template:Indian National Lok Dal/meta/color; text-align: center;" | Indian National Lok Dal Haryana 2009 Left due to seat sharing disagreements during assembly elections 2009.
style="background-color:Template:Biju Janata Dal/meta/color; text-align: center;" | Biju Janata Dal Odisha 2009 Left the alliance just over a month before the 2009 elections.
style="background-color:Template:Telangana Rashtra Samithi/meta/color; text-align: center;" | Telangana Rashtra Samithi Telangana 2009 Left the alliance post defeat in 2009 election.
style="background-color:Template:Janata Dal (Secular)/meta/color; text-align: center;" | Janata Dal (Secular) Karnataka 2010 Left the alliance in 2010
Ladakh Union Territory Front Jammu and Kashmir 2010 Merged with BJP.
Kamtapur Progressive Party West Bengal 2010 Withdrew Support due to Merger with Kamtapur People's Party.
style="background-color:Template:Uttarakhand Kranti Dal/meta/color; text-align: center;" | Uttarakhand Kranti Dal Uttarakhand 2012 Withdrew Support before State Elections
style="background-color:Template:Rashtriya Lok Dal/meta/color; text-align: center;" | Rashtriya Lok Dal Uttar Pradesh 2012 Has allied with Congress for 2012 Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly election
style="background-color:Template:Jharkhand Mukti Morcha/meta/color; text-align: center;" | Jharkhand Mukti Morcha Jharkhand 2012 Withdrew from alliance in 2012
style="background-color:Template:Janata Party/meta/color; text-align: center;" | Janata Party Tamil Nadu 2013 Merged with BJP
style="background-color:Template:Haryana Janhit Congress (BL)/meta/color; text-align: center;" | Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) Haryana 2014 Withdrew from alliance before 2014 Haryana Legislative Assembly election[49] Merged with Congress in 2016
style="background-color:Template:Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam/meta/color; text-align: center;" | Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam Tamil Nadu 2014 Withdrew alliance in a view to Tamil Nadu Elections 2016
style="background-color:Template:Bharatiya Janata Party/meta/color; text-align: center;" | Kerala Congress (Nationalist) (Noble Mathew) Kerala 2016 Merged with BJP[50]
style="background-color:Template:Indian Federal Democratic Party/meta/color; text-align: center;" | Kerala Janapaksham Kerala 2016 Merged with BJP
style="background-color:Template:Revolutionary Socialist Party/meta/color; text-align: center;" | Revolutionary Socialist Party of Kerala (Bolshevik) Kerala 2016 Withdrew alliance in a view to 2016 Kerala Legislative Assembly election[51]
Maraland Democratic Front Mizoram 2017 Merged with BJP[52]
style="background-color:Template:Swabhimani Paksha/meta/color; text-align: center;" | Swabhimani Paksha Maharashtra 2017 Broke the alliance[53]
style="background-color:Template:Telugu Desam Party/meta/color; text-align: center;" | Telugu Desam Party Andhra Pradesh 2018 Withdrawn Support from NDA on 16 March 2018 over the demand of Special Category status to Andhra Pradesh and failure to Implement the corresponding Bifurcation Act.
style="background-color:Template:Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party/meta/color; text-align: center;" | Jammu and Kashmir Peoples Democratic Party Jammu and Kashmir 2018 BJP withdrawn support from JKPDP-led government on 19 June 2018.
style="background-color:Template:Rashtriya Lok Samata Party/meta/color; text-align: center;" | Rashtriya Lok Samata Party Bihar 2018 Withdrawn from NDA ahead of 2019 Indian general election.
style="background-color:Template:Gorkha Janmukti Morcha/meta/color; text-align: center;" | Gorkha Janmukti Morcha West Bengal 2019 Withdrawn from NDA ahead of 2019 Indian general election.[54]
Janadhipathya Samrakshana Samithi (Rajan Babu) Kerala 2019 Merged with Janadhipathya Samrakshana Samithi
style="background-color:Template:Bharatiya Janata Party/meta/color; text-align: center;" | Sikkim Democratic Front Sikkim 2019 BJP broke alliance before 2019 Sikkim Assembly Elections and Indian general elections.
Pravasi Nivasi Party Kerala 2019 Withdrawn from NDA ahead of 2019 Indian general election
Janadhipathya Rashtriya Sabha Kerala 2019
Kerala Vikas Congress Kerala 2019 One faction merged with Kerala Congress (B), one faction still in NDA.

Year by year changes

2011

Parties that joined the NDA coalition were Haryana based Haryana Janhit Congress (BL) and Maharashtra based Republican Party of India.
Ajit Singh led Rashtriya Lok Dal withdrew from the NDA.

2012 Presidential election

Main article: 2012 Indian presidential election

NDA nominated P. A. Sangma as its presidential candidate who lost against UPA's Pranab Mukherjee.

Vice-Presidential election

Jaswant Singh was named as the candidate for the post of Vice-President against UPA's Hamid Ansari. Ansari won his second term in office.[55]

2013

On 16 June 2013, Nitish Kumar led Janta Dal United has withdrawn from NDA.

On 13 September 2013, Narendra Modi declared as PM candidate for 2014 Elections.

2014

On 1 January 2014, Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhhagam leader Vaiko has announced that MDMK formally joined back to NDA. Vaiko also announced Modi will be the best candidate for Prime Minister.[56] The two small parties viz Kongunadu Munnetra Kazhagam and Indhiya Jananayaga Katchi have also joined NDA Alliance. The BJP would like Two more southern parties such as Desiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam, Pattali Makkal Katchi to also join the alliance.[57]

In Maharashtra, two regional political outfits, Swabhimani Paksha and Rashtriya Samaj Paksha, joined NDA in January. [58] The coalition of Five parties is termed as Mahayuti. So in Maharashtra now NDA alliance consist of 5 Parties viz BJP, Shiv Sena, Republican Party of India, Swabhimani Paksha and Rashtriya Samaj Paksha.[59]

On 23 February 2014, Rashtriya Lok Samata Party led by Upendra Kushwaha joined NDA and will be contesting at 3 Lok Sabha seats in Bihar.[60] On 27 February 2014 Lok Janshakti Party led by Ramvilas Paswan joined NDA[61] It would contest at 7 Lok Sabha Seats in Bihar during 2014 Elections.[62]

DMDK will be fighting Lok Sabha Election through an alliance with BJP led NDA.[63] MDMK, PMK led Social Democratic Alliance are the other allies of NDA in Tamil Nadu.

Maharashtra Navnirman Sena : Its President, Raj Thackeray announced external support to NDA on 9 March 2014 which is marked as Party's formation day, supporting Narendra Modi as Prime Ministerial Candidate.

Indian National Lok Dal : Its Gen. Sec., Sh. Ajay Singh Chautala announced external support to NDA, supporting Sh. Narendra Modi as Prime Ministerial Candidate.

Lok Satta Party : President Shri J P Narayan announced external support to NDA, supporting Sh. Narendra Modi as Prime Ministerial Candidate

All India NR Congress (AINRC) formally joined NDA on 13 March 2014 and will be contesting in Puducherry.[64]

Telugu Desam Party (TDP) rejoined NDA on 6 April, after breaking alliance in 2004 post general election defeat.[65]

Shiv Sena Though Shiv Sena has quit Mahayuti in Maharashtra, before Maharashtra Legislative Assembly Elections 2014, but has decided to remain with NDA at the Centre.[66]

All Jharkhand Students Union clinched an alliance with BJP for Jharkhand Assembly elections under which its junior partner will contest eight of the 81 seats in the state.[67]

2015

Bharatiya Janata Party on 27 February 2015 clinched an alliance with People's Democratic Party for Government Formation in Jammu and Kashmir under which its CM will be from PDP.[68]

In the month of November, BJP alliance lost the legislative assembly election in Bihar to the Mahagathbandhan comprising JD(U), RJD and the INC.

2016

In January 2016, Bharatiya Janata Party clinched an alliance with Bodoland People's Front in Assam.[69]

In March 2016, after a meeting with AGP President Atul Bora and Former Chief minister Prafulla Kumar Mahanta, BJP formed an alliance with Asom Gana Parishad for upcoming Assam legislative assembly election 2016.[70] BJP also aligned with Rabha and Tiwa Tribe outfit Rabha Jatiya Aikya Manch and Tiwa Jatiya Aikya Manch.

In March 2016, BJP forged an alliance with Kerala-based Ezhava outfit Bharath Dharma Jana Sena Party for Kerala Elections 2016.[71]

Following BJP's victory in the Assam Legislative Assembly Elections 2016, the party formed an alliance of like-minded non-Congress parties in the Northeast, called the North-East Democratic Alliance, consisting of 11 regional parties of Northeast India. Himanta Biswa Sarma, BJP leader from Assam has been appointed Convener of the regional alliance.

On 21 December 2016, Khandu was suspended from the party by the party president and Takam Pario was named as the next likely Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh replacing Khandu after People's Party of Arunachal suspended Khandu along with 6 other MLAs.[72][73][74]

In December 2016, Khandu proved majority on the floor with 33 of the People's Party of Arunachal’s 43 legislators joining the Bharatiya Janata Party as the BJP party increased its strength to 45 and it has the support of two independents. He became second Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh of Bharatiya Janata Party in Arunachal Pradesh after the 44 days lead Gegong Apang government in 2003.[75][76]

2017

In January 2017, Bharatiya Janata Party's alliance partner Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party in Goa and Shiv Sena in Maharashtra came together to contest Goa Legislative Assembly election in 2017 against the BJP with another Sangh Pariwar group called Goa Suraksha Manch.[77]

The results of the 2017 Goa Assembly election gave rise to a hung assembly since no political party could achieve a complete majority of 21 in the 40 member Goa Legislative Assembly. The Indian National Congress emerged the largest party with 17 seats but ultimately, the Bharatiya Janata Party which emerged victorious in 13 constituencies formed the government with the support of the Goa Forward Party, Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party and independents.[78] The Goa Forward Party expressed its support to the Bharatiya Janata Party on the condition that the then Union Defence Minister of India Manohar Parrikar would return to Goa as the Chief Minister of Goa.[79]

On 15 March 2017, N. Biren Singh was sworn as the Chief Minister by having coalition with NPP, NPF, LJP and others, the first time that BJP formed a government in Manipur, though the INC emerged as the single largest party.

On 27 July 2017, Janata Dal (United) rejoined NDA and formed a coalition government with Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in Bihar with Nitish Kumar as the Chief Minister and Sushil Kumar Modi as the Deputy Chief Minister, and with that BJP completed its domination in Hindi belt.[80]

2018

On 9 March 2018, Biplab Kumar Deb was sworn as the Chief Minister having a pre-poll alliance with IPFT, the first time that BJP formed a government in Tripura.

Telugu Desam Party (TDP) withdrew from the NDA on 16 March 2018.[81]

Rashtriya Lok Samata Party (RLSP) withdrew from the NDA on 10 December 2018, citing a lack of progress on development in Bihar.[82]

In December 2018's state elections, the NDA lost elections in Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Chhattisgarh to the INC. In Chhattisgarh, the NDA was defeated by the INC with 3/4th majority. It was also defeated by the TRS in Telangana and BJP managed to win only 1 seat out of the 119 constituencies in Telangana

2019

On 7 January 2019, the AGP withdrew from the NDA and also from the Assam Government on the issue of citizenship amendment bill but later joined back. On 21 January 2019, the GJM withdrew from the NDA and extended the support to Mamata Banerjee .

On 19 February 2019, AIADMK and PMK rejoined NDA and BJP announced that "They will contest 5 Lok sabha seats in Tamilnadu". On 10 March 2019, DMDK rejoined NDA.

On 8 March 2019 in Sikkim, BJP joined hands with opposition party SKM

On 12 March 2019 in Assam, BJP joined hands with old ally AGP [83]

On 12 March 2019 in Maharashtra, Rayat Kranti Sanghatana is a part of NDA [84]

On 25 March 2019 in Tamil Nadu, Puthiya Needhi Katchi is a part of Alliance [85]

On 4 April 2019 in Rajasthan, BJP joined hands with the RLP[86]

On 5 April 2019 in Uttar Pradesh, Nishad Party joined hands with NDA [87]

Notes

See also

References

  1. ^ Simta Prakash (17 June 2013). "NDA implodes". Mid-day.com. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
  2. ^ "BJP's 31% lowest vote share of any party to win majority".
  3. ^ Keith Jones (9 October 1999). "Hindu chauvinist-led coalition to form India's next government". World Socialist Web Site. Retrieved 27 September 2013.
  4. ^ Sen, Amartya (2005). The Argumentative Indian. Penguin. p. 254.
  5. ^ "Rediff on the NeT: TDP helps Vajpayee wins confidence vote. BJP alliance with TDP for a short time for the domestic actionable need 2010 reflected with mass protest against TDP". Rediff.com. Retrieved 4 January 2011. {{cite web}}: line feed character in |title= at position 60 (help)
  6. ^ Sen, Amartya (2005). The Argumentative Indian. Penguin.
  7. ^ Ramesh, Randeep (14 May 2004). "News World news Shock defeat for India's Hindu nationalists". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
  8. ^ Editorial (14 May 2004). "The Meaning of Verdict 2004". The Hindu. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
  9. ^ "Live: It was time to remove Cong from Centre, not to break ties, says Rajnath". IBN Live. 16 June 2013. Retrieved 5 May 2014.
  10. ^ "Nitish Kumar-led JD(U) passes resolution to join NDA". The Economy Times. 19 August 2017.
  11. ^ Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly
  12. ^ Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly
  13. ^ Assam Legislative Assembly
  14. ^ Bihar Legislative Assembly
  15. ^ Chhattisgarh Legislative Assembly
  16. ^ Goa Legislative Assembly
  17. ^ Gujarat Legislative Assembly
  18. ^ Haryana Legislative Assembly
  19. ^ Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly
  20. ^ Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly
  21. ^ Jharkhand Legislative Assembly
  22. ^ Karnataka Legislative Assembly
  23. ^ Kerala Legislature
  24. ^ Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly
  25. ^ Maharashtra Legislative Assembly
  26. ^ Manipur Legislative Assembly
  27. ^ Meghalaya Legislative Assembly
  28. ^ Mizoram Legislative Assembly
  29. ^ Nagaland Legislative Assembly
  30. ^ Odisha Legislative Assembly
  31. ^ Punjab Legislative Assembly
  32. ^ Rajasthan Legislative Assembly
  33. ^ Sikkim Legislative Assembly
  34. ^ Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
  35. ^ Telangana Legislative Assembly
  36. ^ 2018 Tripura Legislative Assembly election
  37. ^ Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly
  38. ^ Uttarakhand Legislative Assembly
  39. ^ West Bengal Legislative Assembly
  40. ^ Delhi Legislative Assembly
  41. ^ Puducherry Legislative Assembly
  42. ^ BJP suspends Nilgiris (SC) LS seat candidate S Gurumurthy. Daily News and Analysis. (5 May 2014). Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  43. ^ BJP suspends Nilgiris ‘candidate’ for nomination goof. The Times of India. (6 May 2014). Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  44. ^ Rejected candidate accuses RO of bias towards BJP. Zeenews.india.com. Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  45. ^ Will NDA support AIADMK in Nilgiris?. Business Standard (11 April 2014). Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  46. ^ Bhushan Casts Doubts Over BJP Nilgiris Goof-up. The New Indian Express (13 April 2014). Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  47. ^ BJP members angry over Nilgiris nomination fiasco. Indiatvnews.com (15 April 2014). Retrieved 21 May 2014.
  48. ^ "Nitish shares stage with Modi in Ludhiana; TRS joins NDA". The Hindu. 10 May 2009.
  49. ^ "Haryana Janhit Congress snaps ties with BJP". 28 August 2014. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
  50. ^ "KC (Nationalist) to merge with BJP". The Hindu: Mobile Edition. 13 January 2016.
  51. ^ "RSP(B) offers support to UDF". The Hindu: Mobile Edition. 10 February 2016.
  52. ^ "Regional party in Mizoram Maraland Democratic Front, to merge with BJP". The Financial Express. 12 August 2017. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
  53. ^ "Raju Shetti leaves NDA". The Hindu. New Delhi, India. 30 August 2017.
  54. ^ "Gorkha Janamukti Morcha Will Not Support BJP In Lok Sabha Polls: Party President Binay Tamang". Ndtv.com. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
  55. ^ "NDA names Jaswant Singh as its vice-presidential candidate". 16 July 2012.
  56. ^ "Modi will become PM, says Vaiko". 1 January 2014.
  57. ^ "Can Modi's magic help win BJP allies? Three southern parties to decide soon". Hindustan Times. 1 January 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
  58. ^ "Setback to AAP plans as Swabhimani Shetkari Sanghatana joins Sena-BJP led combine". The Economic Times. 7 January 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
  59. ^ "SSS joins NDA, threat to NCP". The Indian Express. 8 January 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
  60. ^ "LS polls: BJP joins hands with Upendra Kushwaha's Rashtriya Lok Samata Party – IBNLive". Ibnlive.in.com. 23 February 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
  61. ^ "Ram Vilas Paswan's LJP returns lo to NDA, to contest from 7 seats in Bihar". Zeenews.india.com. 27 February 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
  62. ^ "LJP rejoins NDA, would contest 7 seats in Bihar in 2014 Elections". news.biharprabha.com. Indo-Asian News Service. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
  63. ^ Panwar, Preeti (26 February 2014). "Confirmed: DMDK-BJP form alliance in Tamil Nadu for LS polls – News Oneindia". News.oneindia.in. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
  64. ^ Dutta, Debjani (13 March 2014). "Rangasamy in NDA, Names Ex-Speaker as LS Candidate". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
  65. ^ "TDP back to NDA". The New Indian Express. 6 April 2014.
  66. ^ "Shiv Sena to stay in NDA: Shiv Sena". THE CITY NEWS.
  67. ^ "BJP clinches deal with AJSU in Jharkhand". Archived from the original on 4 November 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  68. ^ "JK govt formation: PM Modi to attend swearing in of PDP-BJP govt led by Mufti Sayeed". The Indian Express. 27 February 2015.
  69. ^ "BJP forms alliance with Bodoland Peoples' Front for Assam elections". The Times of India.
  70. ^ Alok Pandey; Ketki Angre; Sandeep Phukan (4 March 2016). "BJP Teams Up With Asom Gana Parishad For Assam Polls". NDTV.com.
  71. ^ Radhakrishnan Kuttoor (10 August 2015). "Kerala BJP to ride the Dharma Jana Sena". The Hindu.
  72. ^ After Pema Khandu's suspension, Takam Pario to be new Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh, PPA Chairman says
  73. ^ Takam Pario likely to be Arunachal CM in 2017 after PPA suspendsKhandu
  74. ^ Takam Pario, the richest Arunachal MLA, may replace Pema Khandu as CM
  75. ^ Khandu wins musical chairs game for BJP
  76. ^ Shifting to BJP, Pema Khandu drops 3 ministers, 2 advisors, 5 parliamentary secretaries
  77. ^ MGP-Sena-GSM form grand alliance to contest Goa polls
  78. ^ "Goa Election 2017: Manohar Parrikar resigns as defence minister, to be sworn-in as CM at 5 pm Tuesday". 13 March 2017.
  79. ^ "Defence Minister Manohar Parrikar Likely To Return To Goa As Chief Minister".
  80. ^ "With Bihar in their pocket, Narendra Modi and Amit Shah have conquered the Hindi heartland".
  81. ^ Mathew, Liz; Janyala, Sreenivas (17 March 2018). "TDP leaves NDA amid dissent within, Chandrababu Naidu says PM has no time for allies". Indian Express. Retrieved 16 December 2018.
  82. ^ "Upendra Kushwaha leaves NDA, resigns as minister". Asian News International. 10 December 2018. Retrieved 16 December 2018.
  83. ^ "What is behind BJP's new alliance-hunting spree | India News - Times of India".
  84. ^ "Sadabhau Khot demands one seat from BJP to contest against Raju Shetti".
  85. ^ "Full list of candidates of AIADMK-BJP alliance from Tamil Nadu for LS polls". 25 March 2019.
  86. ^ "RLP joins NDA in R'sthan". 5 April 2019.
  87. ^ "Lok Sabha polls 2019: Boost to BJP as Nishad Party joins NDA".
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