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{{Short description|Genus of gastropods}}
{{italictitle}}
{{Automatic taxobox
{{Taxobox
| name = ''Modulus''
| image = Modulus turbinoides (MNHN-IM-2000-31693).jpeg
| image_caption = Shell of ''Modulus turbinoides'' (holotype at MNHN, Paris)
| image =
⚫
| taxon = Modulus
| image_caption =
⚫
| authority = [[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1840<ref>[[J. E. Gray|Gray J. E.]] (1840). ''Syn. Cont. Brit. Mus.'', ed. 42, 147 [n.n.]; 1842, Syn. Brit. Mus., ed. 44, 60.</ref>
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| type_species = ''Trochus modulus''
| phylum = [[Mollusca]]
| type_species_authority = Linnaeus, 1758
| classis = [[Gastropoda]]
| synonyms_ref = <ref name="worms">{{cite WoRMS |title=''Modulus'' |id=196286 |access-date=9 August 2021}}</ref>
| unranked_familia= clade [[Caenogastropoda]]<br/>clade [[Sorbeoconcha]]
| synonyms = *''Aplodon'' <small>Rafinesque, 1819</small>
| superfamilia = [[Cerithioidea]]
| display_parents = 3
| superfamilia_authority =
| familia = [[Modulidae]]
⚫
| genus = '''''Modulus'''''
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| genus_authority = [[J. E. Gray]], 1840<ref>[[J. E. Gray|Gray J. E.]] (1840). ''Syn. Cont. Brit. Mus.'', ed. 42, 147 [n.n.]; 1842, Syn. Brit. Mus., ed. 44, 60.</ref>
}}
}}


'''''Modulus''''' is a [[genus]] of small [[sea snail]]s, [[marine (ocean)|marine]] [[gastropod]] [[mollusc]]s in the [[family]] [[Modulidae]].<ref>{{cite journal
'''''Modulus''''' is a [[genus]] of small [[sea snail]]s, [[marine (ocean)|marine]] [[gastropod]] [[mollusc]]s in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Modulidae]].<ref>{{cite journal
| author = Bouchet, P. & Rocroi, J.-P.
|author1=Bouchet, P. |author2=Rocroi, J.-P.
| year = 2005
|name-list-style=amp | year = 2005
| date=
| title = Classification and Nomenclator of Gastropod Families
| title = Classification and Nomenclator of Gastropod Families
| journal = Malacologia
| journal = Malacologia
| volume =47
| volume =47
| issue = 1-2
| issue = 1–2
| pages =
| pages =
| issn =
| issn =
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==Species==
==Species==
Species within the genus ''Modulus'' include:
Species within the genus ''Modulus'' include:<ref name="worms"/>
* ''[[Modulus ambiguus]]'' <small>Dautzenberg, 1910</small>
* ''[[Modulus bayeri]]'' <small>Petuch, 2001</small>
* ''[[Modulus bermontianus]]'' <small>Petuch, 1994</small>
* ''[[Modulus cerodes]]'' <small>A. Adams, 1851</small>
* ''[[Modulus disculus]]'' <small>(Philippi, 1846)</small>
* ''[[Modulus guernei]]'' <small>Dautzenberg, 1900</small>
* ''[[Modulus hennequini]]'' <small>Petuch, 2013</small>
* ''[[Modulus honkerorum]]'' <small>Petuch, 2013</small>
* ''[[Modulus kaicherae]]'' <small>Petuch, 1987</small>
* ''[[Modulus lindae]]'' <small>Petuch, 1987</small>
⚫
* ''[[Modulus modulus]]'' (<small>[[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]])</small> - the type species, known as the "button snail"
* ''[[Modulus nodosus]]'' <small>Macsotay & Campos, 2001</small>
* ''[[Modulus pacei]]'' <small>Petuch, 1987</small>
* ''[[Modulus turbinoides]]'' <small>(Locard, 1897)</small>
;Taxa inquirenda:
* ''Modulus duplicatus'' <small>A. Adams, 1851</small>
* ''Modulus morleti'' <small>P. Fischer, 1882</small>
* ''Modulus obliquus'' <small>A. Adams, 1851</small>
* ''Modulus obtusatus'' <small>(Philippi, 1847)</small>
;Species brought into synonymy:
* ''Modulus calusa'' <small>Petuch, 1988</small>: synonym of ''[[Trochomodulus calusa]]'' <small>(Petuch, 1988)</small> (original combination)
* ''Modulus canaliculatus'' <small>Mörch, 1876</small>: synonym of ''Modulus modulus'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
* ''Modulus candidus'' <small>Petit de la Saussaye, 1853</small>: synonym of ''[[Indomodulus tectum]]'' <small>(Gmelin, 1791)</small>
* ''Modulus carchedonius'' <small>([[Jean-Baptiste Lamarck|Lamarck]], 1822)</small>: synonym of ''[[Trochomodulus carchedonius]]'' <small>(Lamarck, 1822)</small>
* ''Modulus catenulatus'' <small>(Philippi, 1849)</small>: synonym of ''[[Trochomodulus catenulatus]]'' <small>(Philippi, 1849)</small>
* ''Modulus cidaris'' <small>Reeve, 1848</small>: synonym of ''Modulus tectum'' <small>(Gmelin, 1791)</small>: synonym of ''[[Indomodulus tectum]]'' <small>(Gmelin, 1791)</small>
* ''Modulus convexior'' <small>Mörch, 1876</small>: synonym of ''Modulus modulus'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
* ''Modulus dorsuosus'' <small>Gould, 1853</small>: synonym of ''Modulus disculus'' <small>(Philippi, 1846)</small>
* ''Modulus floridanus'' <small>Conrad, 1869</small>: synonym of ''Modulus modulus'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
* ''Modulus krebsii'' <small>Mörch, 1876</small>: synonym of ''Modulus modulus'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
* ''Modulus lenticularis'' <small>(Lamarck, 1822)</small>: synonym of ''Modulus modulus'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
* ''Modulus perlatus'' <small>(Gmelin, 1791)</small>: synonym of ''Modulus modulus'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
* ''Modulus pisum'' <small>Mörch, 1876</small>: synonym of ''Modulus modulus'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small>
* ''Modulus tectum'' <small>(Gmelin, 1791)</small>: synonym of ''[[Indomodulus tectum]]'' <small>(Gmelin, 1791)</small>
* ''Modulus trochiformis'' <small>Souleyet, 1852</small>: synonym of ''[[Trochomodulus catenulatus]]'' <small>(Philippi, 1849)</small>


==References==
⚫
* ''[[Modulus modulus]]'', the type species, known as the "button snail"
{{Reflist}}
* ''[[Modulus tectum]]''
* Landau B., Vermeij G. K. & Reich S. (2014). Classification of the Modulidae (Caenogastropoda, Cerithioidea), with new genera and new fossil species from the Neogene of tropical America and Indonesia. Basteria. 78(1-3): 1-29


== References ==
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{reflist}}
* [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/55295773 Gray, J. E. (1842). Molluscs. Pp. 48-92, in: Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum, edition 44. British Museum. London. iv + 308 p]
* [http://www.ubio.org/NZ/search.php?search=modulus&quickSearch=QuickSearch&selectall=Check+All&colname=on&colcategory=on&colauthority=on&colcomments=on&page=&vol= Nomenclator Zoologicus info]
* [https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6172335 Rafinesque C.S. (1819). Prodrome. De 70 nouveaux genres d'animaux découverts dans l'intérieur des Etats-Unis d'Amérique, durant l'année 1818. Journal de Physique, de Chimie, d'Histoire Naturelle et des Arts. 88: 417-429.]


{{Taxonbar|from=Q6889817}}
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[[Category:Modulidae| ]]


⚫
[[Category:Modulidae]]
[[Category:Gastropod genera]]
[[Category:Taxa named by John Edward Gray]]



{{gastropod-stub}}
{{Modulidae-stub}}

Latest revision as of 01:36, 19 June 2024

Modulus
Shell of Modulus turbinoides (holotype at MNHN, Paris)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda
Superfamily: Cerithioidea
Family: Modulidae
Genus: Modulus
Gray, 1840[1]
Type species
Trochus modulus
Linnaeus, 1758
Synonyms[2]
  • Aplodon Rafinesque, 1819

Modulus is a genus of small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Modulidae.[3]

Species

[edit]

Species within the genus Modulus include:[2]

Taxa inquirenda
  • Modulus duplicatus A. Adams, 1851
  • Modulus morleti P. Fischer, 1882
  • Modulus obliquus A. Adams, 1851
  • Modulus obtusatus (Philippi, 1847)
Species brought into synonymy
  • Modulus calusa Petuch, 1988: synonym of Trochomodulus calusa (Petuch, 1988) (original combination)
  • Modulus canaliculatus Mörch, 1876: synonym of Modulus modulus (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Modulus candidus Petit de la Saussaye, 1853: synonym of Indomodulus tectum (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Modulus carchedonius (Lamarck, 1822): synonym of Trochomodulus carchedonius (Lamarck, 1822)
  • Modulus catenulatus (Philippi, 1849): synonym of Trochomodulus catenulatus (Philippi, 1849)
  • Modulus cidaris Reeve, 1848: synonym of Modulus tectum (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Indomodulus tectum (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Modulus convexior Mörch, 1876: synonym of Modulus modulus (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Modulus dorsuosus Gould, 1853: synonym of Modulus disculus (Philippi, 1846)
  • Modulus floridanus Conrad, 1869: synonym of Modulus modulus (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Modulus krebsii Mörch, 1876: synonym of Modulus modulus (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Modulus lenticularis (Lamarck, 1822): synonym of Modulus modulus (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Modulus perlatus (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Modulus modulus (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Modulus pisum Mörch, 1876: synonym of Modulus modulus (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Modulus tectum (Gmelin, 1791): synonym of Indomodulus tectum (Gmelin, 1791)
  • Modulus trochiformis Souleyet, 1852: synonym of Trochomodulus catenulatus (Philippi, 1849)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Gray J. E. (1840). Syn. Cont. Brit. Mus., ed. 42, 147 [n.n.]; 1842, Syn. Brit. Mus., ed. 44, 60.
  2. ^ a b "Modulus". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
  3. ^ Bouchet, P. & Rocroi, J.-P. (2005). "Classification and Nomenclator of Gastropod Families". Malacologia. 47 (1–2).
  • Landau B., Vermeij G. K. & Reich S. (2014). Classification of the Modulidae (Caenogastropoda, Cerithioidea), with new genera and new fossil species from the Neogene of tropical America and Indonesia. Basteria. 78(1-3): 1-29
[edit]
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