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| nominee2 = [[Donald Trump]] <br> ''(presumptive)''
| nominee2 = [[Donald Trump]] <br> ''(presumptive)''
| running_mate2 = [[Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection, 2016|TBD]]
| running_mate2 = [[Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection, 2016|TBD]]

Revision as of 01:22, 21 June 2016

United States presidential election, 2016
← 2012 November 8, 2016 2020 →
All 538 members of the Electoral College
270 electoral votes needed to win
 
Nominee Hillary Clinton
(presumptive) 		Donald Trump
(presumptive)
Party Democratic Republican
Home state New York New York
Running mate TBD TBD
 
Nominee Gary Johnson Jill Stein
(presumptive)
Party Libertarian Green
Home state New Mexico Massachusetts
Running mate William Weld TBD
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The electoral map for the 2016 election, based on populations from the 2010 census
Incumbent President

Barack Obama
Democratic



2016 U.S. presidential election
Republican Party
Democratic Party
Third parties
Related races
← 2012 2016 2020 →

The United States presidential election of 2016, scheduled for Tuesday, November 8, 2016, will be the 58th quadrennial U.S. presidential election. Voters will select presidential electors who in turn will elect a new president and vice president through the Electoral College. The term limit established in the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution prevents the incumbent president, Barack Obama, of the Democratic Party, from being elected to a third term. Assuming President Obama and Vice President Joe Biden serve out the remainder of their respective terms, the 2016 election will determine the 45th President and 48th Vice President of the United States.

The series of presidential primary elections and caucuses took place between February 1 and June 14, 2016, staggered among the 50 states, the District of Columbia and U.S. territories. This nominating process is also an indirect election, where voters cast ballots for a slate of delegates to a political party's nominating convention, who then in turn elect their party's presidential nominee. The 2016 Republican National Convention will take place from July 18 to 21, 2016, in Cleveland, Ohio while the 2016 Democratic National Convention will take place from July 25 to 28 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Businessman and reality television personality Donald Trump became the presumptive presidential nominee of the Republican Party on May 3, 2016, after the suspensions[a] of Ted Cruz and John Kasich's campaigns and his win in the Indiana primary,[2] while former Secretary of State and New York Senator Hillary Clinton became the presumptive presidential nominee of the Democratic Party in the general election on June 6, 2016.[3][4] Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders's campaign has stated he will assist in efforts to defeat Donald Trump's campaign for president, but he has neither withdrawn from the race nor endorsed Hillary Clinton.[5]

Various third party and independent presidential candidates will also contest the election, of which two have currently obtained enough ballot access to mathematically have a chance of winning the presidency and have been featured in major national polls: the Libertarian Party nominee, former Governor of New Mexico Gary Johnson, and the Green Party presumptive nominee, Jill Stein, who announced on June 15, 2016 that she had received enough delegates to secure the Green nomination.[6][7]

Background

Further information: United States presidential election § Procedure

Article Two of the United States Constitution provides that the President and Vice President of the United States must be natural-born citizens of the United States, at least 35 years old, and residents of the United States for a period of no less than 14 years. Candidates for the presidency typically seek the nomination of one of the political parties of the United States, in which case each party devises a method (such as a primary election) to choose the candidate the party deems best suited to run for the position. The primary elections are usually indirect elections where voters cast ballots for a slate of party delegates pledged to a particular candidate. The party's delegates then officially nominate a candidate to run on the party's behalf. The general election in November is also an indirect election, where voters cast ballots for a slate of members of the Electoral College; these electors in turn directly elect the President and Vice President.

The incumbent, President Barack Obama, a Democrat and former U.S. Senator from Illinois, is ineligible to seek reelection to a third term due to restrictions of the Twenty-second Amendment; in accordance with Section 1 of the Twentieth Amendment, his term expires at noon on January 20, 2017. In the 2008 election, Obama was elected president, defeating the Republican nominee, Senator John McCain of Arizona, receiving 52.9% of the popular vote and 68% of the electoral vote.[8][9] Obama succeeded two-term Republican President George W. Bush, the former Governor of Texas. Since the end of 2009, polling companies such as Gallup have found Obama's approval ratings to be between 40 and 50 percent.[10][11] Analysts such as Larry Sabato have noted that Obama's approval ratings could impact the 2016 campaign, helping or hurting[vague] the Democratic candidate.[12][13]

2010 midterm elections

In the 2010 midterm elections, the Democratic Party suffered significant losses in Congress; the Republicans gained 63 seats in the House of Representatives (thus taking control of the chamber), and six seats in the Senate, though short of achieving a majority. As a result of the Republicans' recapture of the House, John Boehner became the 53rd Speaker of the House of Representatives. This made Obama the first President in 16 years to lose the House of Representatives in the first half of his first term, in an election that was characterized by the economy's slow recovery, and the rise of the Tea Party movement.[14]

2012 presidential election

In the 2012 presidential election, incumbent president Barack Obama defeated former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney, with 51.1% of the popular vote and 332 (or 61.7%) of 538 electoral votes.[15] Meanwhile, Republicans retained their majority of seats in the House of Representatives despite minor losses, while Democrats increased their majority in the Senate.[9]

Speculation about the 2016 campaign began almost immediately following the 2012 campaign, with New York magazine declaring the race had begun in an article published on November 8, 2012, two days after the 2012 election.[16] On the same day, Politico released an article predicting the 2016 general election may be between Hillary Clinton and Jeb Bush, while a New York Times article named Chris Christie and Cory Booker as potential candidates.[17][18]

2014 midterm elections

In the 2014 midterm elections, voter turnout was the lowest seen in 70 years, with only 34.4% of eligible voters voting.[19] As a result of the election, the Republicans retained control of the House of Representatives, increasing their majority to its largest level since March 4, 1929.[20] Republicans also gained a majority in the Senate.

Democratic Party

Main article: Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2016
This article is part of a series about
Hillary Clinton
First Lady of the United States
U.S. Senator from New York
U.S. Secretary of State
2008 presidential campaign
2016 presidential campaign
Organizations

Former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, who also served in the U.S. Senate and was the First Lady of the United States, became the first Democrat to announce a major candidacy for the presidency. Clinton made the announcement on April 12, 2015, via a video message.[21] While Nationwide opinion polls in 2015 indicated that Clinton is the front-runner for the 2016 Democratic presidential nomination, she faces challenges from Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders.[22] Sanders became the second candidate when he made a formal announcement on April 30 that he was running for the Democratic nomination.[23] September 2015 polling numbers indicated a narrowing gap between Clinton and Sanders.[22][24][25] Former Governor of Maryland Martin O'Malley was the third candidate to enter the race, which he did on May 30, 2015.[26] Lincoln Chafee, former Independent Governor and Republican Senator of Rhode Island, announced his candidacy on June 3, 2015.[27][28] Former Virginia Senator Jim Webb announced his candidacy on July 2, 2015.[29] Harvard law professor Lawrence Lessig announced his candidacy on September 6, 2015.[30]

On October 20, Jim Webb announced his withdrawal from the Democratic primaries, and explored a potential Independent run.[31] Former U.S. Senator from Delaware and incumbent Vice President Joe Biden opted not to run on October 21, ending months of speculation, stating "While I will not be a candidate, I will not be silent."[32][33] Lincoln Chafee withdrew on October 23, stating that he hoped for "an end to the endless wars and the beginning of a new era for the United States and humanity."[34] Lawrence Lessig withdrew on November 2, after failing to qualify for the second officially-sanctioned DNC debate after adoption of a rule change negated polls which before might have necessitated his inclusion in said debate.[35]

In an extremely close contest on February 1, 2016, Hillary Clinton won the Iowa caucuses by a margin of less than one percent. Winning no delegates in the contest, Martin O'Malley withdrew from the presidential race that day. On February 9, Bernie Sanders won the New Hampshire primary with 60% of the vote. In the remaining two February contests, Clinton won with 53% of the vote in the Nevada caucuses and scored a decisive victory with 73% of the vote in the South Carolina primary.[36][37]

On March 1, eleven states participated in the "Super Tuesday" primaries, with Clinton winning Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Massachusetts, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia for a total of 504 pledged delegates, while Sanders won Colorado, Minnesota, Oklahoma, and Vermont to garner a total of 340 delegates by the end of the night. On the weekend of March 5–6, Sanders racked up victories in Kansas, Nebraska, and Maine with 15 to 30-point margins, while Clinton won the Louisiana primary with 71% of the vote. On March 8, Sanders scored a stunning upset in the Michigan primary, winning by a small margin of 1.5% percent and outperforming polls by over 19 points, while Clinton won 83% of the vote in Mississippi.[38] On March 15, Clinton swept five primaries in Florida, Illinois, Missouri, North Carolina, and Ohio. Between March 22 and April 9, Sanders won 6 caucuses in Idaho, Utah, Alaska, Hawaii, Washington, and Wyoming and the Wisconsin primary, while Clinton won the Arizona primary. By this stage, Clinton had won 1,305 pledged delegates to Sanders' 1,099.[39]

On April 19, Clinton won the New York primary with 58% of the vote. On April 26, in the "Acela primary", she won contests in Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, and Pennsylvania while Sanders won in Rhode Island. On May 3, Sanders pulled off a surprise win in the Indiana primary with a 5-point margin of victory,[40] and he proceeded to claim West Virginia on May 10 with a 15-point lead, while Clinton won the Guam caucus.

As of May 10, 2016, of the 78% of pledged delegates allocated in primaries and caucuses so far, Clinton has won 54% to Sanders' 46%.[41] Out of the 715 unpledged delegates or "superdelegates" who will vote in the convention in July, Clinton has received endorsements from 505 (71%), while Sanders has received 41 (6%).[41]

On June 6, 2016, the Associated Press and NBC News stated that Clinton had become the presumptive nominee after reaching the required number of delegates, including both pledged and unpledged delegates (superdelegates), to secure the nomination. In doing so, she had become the first woman to ever clinch the nomination of any major political party in the United States.[42] On June 7, Clinton officially secured a majority of pledged delegates after winning in the California and New Jersey primaries. She won the final primary in Washington, DC on June 14. Sanders has not officially dropped out of the race, but on June 16 announced that his main goal in the coming months would be to work with Clinton to defeat Trump in the general election.[43]

Active candidates

Democratic Party (United States)
Democratic Party (United States)
Candidates below have received delegates in various primaries and caucuses.
Hillary Clinton Bernie Sanders
Presumptive nominee
67th United States Secretary of State
(2009–2013) 		U.S. Senator from Vermont
(2007–present)
Campaign Campaign
[44][45][46] [47][48]

Withdrawn candidates

Main article: Democratic Party presidential candidates, 2016

Republican Party

Main article: Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016
This article is part of
a series about
Donald Trump
Business and personal
45th & 47th President of the
United States
Tenure
Policies
Appointments
Presidential campaigns
Impeachments
Civil and criminal prosecutions
COVID-19 pandemic
Donald Trump's signature
Seal of the President of the United States

A total of 17 major candidates entered the race starting March 23, 2015, when Senator Ted Cruz of Texas was the first to formally announce his candidacy: former Governor Jeb Bush of Florida, retired neurosurgeon Ben Carson of Maryland, Governor Chris Christie of New Jersey, businesswoman Carly Fiorina of California, former Governor Jim Gilmore of Virginia, Senator Lindsey Graham of South Carolina, former Governor Mike Huckabee of Arkansas, former Governor Bobby Jindal of Louisiana, Governor John Kasich of Ohio, former Governor George Pataki of New York, Senator Rand Paul of Kentucky, former Governor Rick Perry of Texas, Senator Marco Rubio of Florida, former Senator Rick Santorum of Pennsylvania, businessman Donald Trump of New York and Governor Scott Walker of Wisconsin. This was the largest presidential primary field for any political party in American history.[53]

Prior to the Iowa caucuses on February 1, Perry, Walker, Jindal, Graham and Pataki withdrew due to low polling numbers. Despite leading many polls in Iowa, Trump came in second to Cruz, after which Huckabee, Paul and Santorum withdrew due to poor performances at the ballot box. Following a sizable victory for Trump in the New Hampshire primary, Christie, Fiorina and Gilmore abandoned the race. Bush capitulated after scoring fourth place to Trump, Rubio and Cruz in South Carolina. On Super Tuesday, March 1, 2016, Rubio won his first contest in Minnesota, Cruz won Alaska, Oklahoma and his home of Texas, and Trump won seven states. Failing to gain traction, Carson suspended[a] his campaign a few days later.[54] On March 15, 2016, nicknamed "Super Tuesday II," Kasich won his first contest in Ohio and Trump won five primaries including Florida. Rubio suspended his campaign after losing his home state,[55] but he retained a large share of his delegates for the national convention.[55]

From March 15 to May 3, only three candidates remained in the race: Trump, Cruz and Kasich. Cruz won most delegates in four Western contests and in Wisconsin, keeping a credible path to denying Trump the nomination on first ballot with 1,237 delegates. However, Trump scored landslide victories in New York and five North-Eastern states in April, and he grabbed all delegates in the Indiana primary of May 3. Without any further chances of forcing a contested convention, both Cruz[56] and Kasich[57] suspended their campaigns. Trump remained the only active candidate and was declared the presumptive Republican nominee by Republican National Committee chairman Reince Priebus on the evening of May 3.[58]

Presumptive nominee

Republican Party (United States)
Republican Party (United States)
Donald Trump
Chairman of The Trump Organization
(1971–present)
Campaign
[59][60][61]

Withdrawn candidates

Main article: Republican Party presidential candidates, 2016
Wikinews has related news:

Major third parties

Main article: United States third party and independent presidential candidates, 2016

Parties in this section have obtained ballot access in enough states to theoretically obtain the minimum number of electoral votes needed to win the election. Unless otherwise specified, individuals included in this section have taken one or more of the following actions: formally announced their candidacy for the presidential nomination of a third party; formally announced intention to run as an independent candidate and obtained enough ballot access to win the election; filed as a third party or non-affiliated candidate with the FEC (for other than exploratory purposes). Within each party, candidates are listed alphabetically by surname.

Libertarian Party

Further information: Libertarian Party (United States) and Libertarian Party presidential primaries, 2016
This article is part of a series about
Gary Johnson
Governor of New Mexico
Presidential campaigns

Seal of the Governor of New Mexico

Ballot access to 335 electoral votes: Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Carolina, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, Vermont, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming.[104]

Nominee

Libertarian Party (United States)
Libertarian Party (United States)
Gary Johnson
29th
Governor of New Mexico
(1995–2003)
Campaign
[105][106]

On May 29, 2016, Johnson won the Libertarian nomination on the second ballot with 55.8% of the delegates.[107] The convention selected former Republican Governor of Massachusetts William Weld as his running mate.

Green Party

Further information: Green Party of the United States and Green Party presidential primaries, 2016
This article is part of a series about
Jill Stein
Massachusetts campaigns
Presidential campaigns
Political party affiliations

Ballot access to 296 electoral votes: Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Delaware, Washington D.C., Florida, Hawaii, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Oregon, South Carolina, Texas, West Virginia, Wisconsin.[108]

Green Party (United States)
Green Party (United States)
Candidates included in this section have been formally recognized
by the party and have received at least one delegate.
William Kreml Jill Stein
Presumptive nominee
Professor Emeritus,
University of South Carolina[109] 		Physician
from Lexington, Massachusetts[110]
Campaign

Other third parties and independents

Main article: United States third party and independent presidential candidates, 2016

Parties and candidates in this section have attained ballot access in one or more states but have yet to obtain access to the minimum number of electoral votes needed to theoretically win the election. Unless otherwise specified, individuals included in this section have taken one or more of the following actions: formally announced their candidacy for the presidential nomination of a minor party; formally announced intention to run as an independent candidate; filed as a minor party or non-affiliated candidate with the FEC (for other than exploratory purposes). Candidates are listed by party and then alphabetically by surname.

America's Party

Further information: America's Party (political party)
Further information: American Independent Party

Ballot access to 84 electoral votes: California, Florida.[111][112]

Constitution Party

Further information: Constitution Party (United States)

Ballot access to 150 electoral votes: Alaska, Arkansas, Colorado, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, Oregon, South Carolina, South Dakota, Utah, Wisconsin, Wyoming.[114]

Independent American Party

Further information: Independent American Party

Ballot access to 18 electoral votes: New Mexico, Oregon, Utah.[117]

  • Farley Anderson, activist from Utah.[117] Vice Presidential nominee: Vacant

Nutrition Party

Further information: Nutrition Party

Ballot access to 9 electoral votes: Colorado.[118]

Party for Socialism and Liberation

Further information: Party for Socialism and Liberation
Further information: Peace and Freedom Party
Further information: Liberty Union Party

Ballot access to 87 electoral votes: California,[121] Florida,[122] Vermont.[123]

Prohibition Party

Further information: Prohibition Party

Ballot access to 21 electoral votes: Arkansas, Colorado, Mississippi.[118][125]

  • James Hedges, Tax Assessor for Thompson Township, Fulton County, Pennsylvania 2002–2007.[126][127] Vice-presidential nominee: Bill Bayes of Mississippi.[126]

Veterans Party of America

Further information: Veterans Party of America

Ballot access to 6 electoral votes: Mississippi.[128]

  • Chris Keniston, reliability engineer from Texas.[129] Vice-presidential nominee: Deacon Taylor of Nevada.[130]

Potential battleground states

Further information: Swing state

In every state except Maine and Nebraska, the winner of the popular vote in the state wins all of the electoral votes of the state (although state legislatures can, by law, change how electors are elected).[131] Maine and Nebraska use the "congressional district method", in which the winner of the state receives two electoral votes and candidates receive additional electoral votes for each congressional district that they win. Recent presidential campaigns have generally focused their resources on a relatively small number of competitive states.[132][133]

Potential battleground states include Nevada, Colorado, Iowa, Wisconsin, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New Hampshire, Virginia, North Carolina, Minnesota, and Florida.[134][135] Other potential Democratic targets include Nebraska's second congressional district, Missouri, Indiana, Montana, Arizona, and Georgia.[134][135] Meanwhile, Republicans may also target Maine's second congressional district, Oregon, and New Mexico.[135][136] Other states may also become competitive if the close races of 2016 differ from the close races of the 2012 election, or if 2016 becomes a landslide election. Both major parties might decide to target the home states of their nominees or that of their running mates if they are from a swing state or have high favorability levels in their respective states or regions.

Party conventions

Map of United States showing Philadelphia, Cleveland, and Orlando
Philadelphia
Philadelphia
Cleveland
Cleveland
Salt Lake City
Salt Lake City
Orlando
Orlando
Houston
Houston
class=notpageimage|
Sites of the 2016 national party conventions.
Constitution Party
Main article: Constitution Party National Convention
  • April 13–16, 2016: Constitution Party National Convention was held in Salt Lake City, Utah.[137]
Libertarian Party
Main article: 2016 Libertarian National Convention
  • May 26–30, 2016: Libertarian National Convention was held in Orlando, Florida.[138][139]
Republican Party
Main article: 2016 Republican National Convention
Democratic Party
Main article: 2016 Democratic National Convention
  • July 25–28, 2016: Democratic National Convention to be held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[142]
Green Party
Main article: 2016 Green National Convention
  • August 4–7, 2016: Green National Convention to be held in Houston, Texas.[143][144]

Debates

Primary election debates

Main articles:

General election debates

Map of United States showing debate locations
Wright State University Dayton, OH
Wright State University
Dayton, OH
Longwood University Farmville, VA
Longwood University
Farmville, VA
Washington University St. Louis, MO
Washington University
St. Louis, MO
University of Nevada Las Vegas
University of Nevada
Las Vegas
University of Colorado Boulder
University of Colorado Boulder
class=notpageimage|
Sites of the 2016 general election debates

The Commission on Presidential Debates (CPD), a non-profit bipartisan organization controlled by the Republican and Democratic parties, will again be hosting debates between nominees and their vice presidential candidates who qualify for the debates. According to the commission's website, "in addition to being Constitutionally eligible, candidates must appear on a sufficient number of state ballots to have a mathematical chance of winning a majority vote in the Electoral College, and have a level of support of at least 15 percent of the national electorate as determined by five selected national public opinion polling organizations, using the average of those organizations' most recently publicly-reported results at the time of the determination."[145] The three locations chosen to host the presidential debates, and the one location selected to host the vice presidential debate, were announced on September 23, 2015.[146][147][148]

Debates among candidates for the 2016 U.S. presidential election
No. Date Time Host City Moderator Participants
P1 September 26, 2016 TBA Wright State University Dayton, Ohio TBA TBD
VP October 4, 2016 TBA Longwood University Farmville, Virginia TBA TBD
P2 October 9, 2016 TBA Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis, Missouri TBA TBD
P3 October 19, 2016 TBA University of Nevada, Las Vegas Las Vegas, Nevada TBA TBD
October 25, 2016 4 pm MT University of Colorado Boulder Boulder, Colorado TBA TBD
       = Sponsored by the CPD;        = Sponsored by Free & Equal
Hofstra University in Hempstead, New York, will serve as the CPD backup debate location.[148]

The Free & Equal Elections Foundation plan to host an open debate among all presidential candidates who have ballot access sufficient to represent a majority of electoral votes.[149] It is to be held at the University of Colorado Boulder's Macky Auditorium on October 25, 2016.[150] As of May 2016, the nominees of the Democratic, Republican, Libertarian, and Green parties qualify for this debate.

Opinion polling

General election polling
Democratic primary polling
Republican primary polling

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b c d In US elections, suspending a campaign is a legal technicality allowing candidates to keep raising funds and paying off their debts[1]

References

  1. ^ Ballhaus, Rebecca (February 11, 2016). "Why Candidates 'Suspend' Losing Campaigns Rather Than Say 'I Quit'". The Wall Street Journal.
  2. ^ Martin, Jonathan; Healy, Patrick (May 3, 2016). "Donald Trump All but Clinches G.O.P. Race With Indiana Win; Ted Cruz Quits". The New York Times. Retrieved May 5, 2016.
  3. ^ "AP count: Clinton has delegates to win Democratic nomination". Associated Press. June 6, 2016. Retrieved June 7, 2016.
  4. ^ Megerian, Chris (June 6, 2016). "Hillary Clinton clinches Democratic nomination in a historic first". No. June 6, 2016. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 7, 2016.
  5. ^ Kopan, Tal; Schleifer, Theodore (June 19, 2016). "Sanders vows to help Clinton fight Trump". CNN. Retrieved June 19, 2016.
  6. ^ "Dr. Jill Stein secures Green Presidential nomination, rises to 5% in national poll". Jill 2016. Retrieved June 15, 2016.
  7. ^ "Green Party candidate Jill Stein says Bernie Sanders should make a 3rd party run". June 1, 2016. Retrieved June 10, 2016.
  8. ^ "United States House of Representatives floor summary for Jan 8, 2009". Clerk.house.gov. Retrieved January 30, 2009.
  9. ^ a b "Federal elections 2008" (PDF). Federal Election Commission. Retrieved May 11, 2015.
  10. ^ "Presidential Approval Ratings – Barack Obama". Gallup. Gallup. Retrieved January 19, 2016.
  11. ^ "Election Other – President Obama Job Approval". RealClearPolitics. Retrieved December 24, 2015.
  12. ^ Sabato, Larry J. (April 17, 2015). "Clinton's Real Opponent: Barack Obama". Politico. Retrieved May 11, 2015.
  13. ^ Cohn, Nate (January 16, 2015). "What a Rise in Obama's Approval Rating Means for 2016". The New York Times. Retrieved May 11, 2015.
  14. ^ "Mid-term Elections 2010: Democrats lose the House in Republican tsunami". Daily Mail.
  15. ^ "President Map". The New York Times. November 29, 2012. Retrieved May 11, 2015.
  16. ^ Amira, Dan (November 8, 2012). "Let the 2016 Campaign Season Begin!". New York. Retrieved July 5, 2015.
  17. ^ Martin, Johnathon; Haberman, Maggie (November 8, 2012). "2016 election: Hillary Clinton vs. Jeb Bush?". Politico. Retrieved July 5, 2015.
  18. ^ Barbaro, Micharl (November 8, 2012). "After Obama, Christie Wants a G.O.P. Hug". The New York Times. Retrieved July 5, 2015.
  19. ^ "2014 midterm election turnout lowest in 70 years | PBS NewsHour". PBS NewsHour. Retrieved December 5, 2015.
  20. ^ Sullivan, Sean (December 17, 2014). "McSally win gives GOP historic majority in House". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 1, 2016.
  21. ^ Keith, Tamara; Montanar, Domenico (April 10, 2015). "Hillary Clinton Expected To Go Small With Big Announcement". NPR. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  22. ^ a b "Second straight poll shows Bernie Sanders leading in New Hampshire". Boston Globe. Retrieved August 26, 2015.
  23. ^ Merica, Dan (April 30, 2015). "Bernie Sanders is running for president". CNN. Retrieved July 6, 2015.
  24. ^ "Bernie Sanders surpasses Hillary Clinton in New Hampshire polls". The Huffington Post. August 25, 2015. Retrieved August 25, 2015.
  25. ^ "Huffpost Pollster". The Huffington Post. October 1, 2015. Retrieved October 1, 2015.
  26. ^ Jackson, David; Cooper, Allen (May 30, 2015). "Martin O'Malley jumps into presidential race". USA Today. Retrieved May 30, 2015.
  27. ^ DelReal, Jose A. (June 3, 2015). "Lincoln Chafee announces long-shot presidential bid". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 3, 2015.
  28. ^ "Rhode Island's Chafee enters 2016 Democratic contest". Boston Herald. Associated Press. June 3, 2015. Retrieved June 3, 2015.
  29. ^ Catanese, David (July 2, 2015). "Jim Webb Announces For President". U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
  30. ^ Meyer, Theodoric (September 6, 2015). "Lessig: I'm running for president". Slate. Retrieved September 7, 2015.
  31. ^ "Jim Webb to consider running as an independent". POLITICO. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
  32. ^ "Biden says he's not running in 2016". OnPolitics. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
  33. ^ "Joe Biden Not Running for President". ABC News. October 21, 2015. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
  34. ^ Wagner, John; Weigel, David (October 23, 2015). "Lincoln Chafee ends Democratic bid for president". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
  35. ^ a b Strauss, Daniel (November 2, 2015). "Lessig drops out of presidential race". Politico. Retrieved November 2, 2015.
  36. ^ "Nevada Caucus Results". The New York Times. Retrieved February 28, 2016.
  37. ^ "South Carolina Primary Results". The New York Times. Retrieved February 28, 2016.
  38. ^ "Why The Polls Missed Bernie Sanders's Michigan Upset". FiveThirtyEight. March 9, 2016. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
  39. ^ Wasserman, Aaron Bycoffe and David (February 29, 2016). "Who's on Track for the Nomination?". FiveThirtyEight. Retrieved May 1, 2016.
  40. ^ Roberts, Dan; Jacobs, Ben (May 4, 2016). "Bernie Sanders pulls off shock victory over Hillary Clinton in Indiana". The Guardian. Retrieved May 4, 2016.
  41. ^ a b "Democratic Convention 2016". thegreenpapers.com. Retrieved May 14, 2016.
  42. ^ Dann, Carrie (June 6, 2016). "Clinton hits 'magic number' of delegates to clinch nomination". NBC News. Retrieved June 7, 2016.
  43. ^ "Sanders vows to help Clinton beat Trump, but keeps campaign alive". Reuters. June 17, 2016. Retrieved June 20, 2016.
  44. ^ Chozick, Amy. "Hillary Clinton Announces 2016 Presidential Bid". The New York Times. Retrieved April 12, 2015.
  45. ^ Karni, Annie (April 12, 2015). "Hillary Clinton formally announces 2016 run". Politico. Retrieved April 18, 2015.
  46. ^ "Hillary Rodham Clinton FEC filing" (PDF). FEC. April 13, 2015. Retrieved April 13, 2015.
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