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{{Campaignbox NATO intervention in Bosnia}}
{{Campaignbox NATO intervention in Bosnia}}
'''Operation Maritime Guard''' was a [[NATO]] blockade in the [[Adriatic Sea]] of the former Yugoslavia in support of UNSC Resolution 787, which called upon states acting individually or otherwise to enforce the UN embargoes of the rump Yugoslavia.<ref name="google1">{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=C7ruAAAAMAAJ&q=%22operation+maritime+guard%22&dq=%22operation+maritime+guard%22&hl=en&ei=vLgNTM_NIcKAlAeB1Km7Dg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA |title=NATO: a beginner's guide - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com |date=January 29, 2010 |accessdate=June 8, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=VHtNO3i7oegC&pg=PA86&dq=%22operation+maritime+guard%22&hl=en&ei=vLgNTM_NIcKAlAeB1Km7Dg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22operation%20maritime%20guard%22&f=false |title=Maritime counterproliferation ... - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=June 8, 2010}}</ref>
'''Operation Maritime Guard''' was a [[NATO]] blockade in the [[international waters]] of the [[Adriatic Sea]] of the former Yugoslavia.[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/maritime_guard.htm][http://www.euc.illinois.edu/_includes/docs/ReportoninterplayWEB.pdf][http://www.nato.int/acad/fellow/99-01/lemos-maniati.pdf] It followed NATO [[Operation Maritime Monitor]], and was in support of UNSC Resolution 787, which called upon states acting individually or otherwise to enforce the UN embargoes of the rump Yugoslavia.<ref name="google1">{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=C7ruAAAAMAAJ&q=%22operation+maritime+guard%22&dq=%22operation+maritime+guard%22&hl=en&ei=vLgNTM_NIcKAlAeB1Km7Dg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAA |title=NATO: a beginner's guide - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com |date=January 29, 2010 |accessdate=June 8, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=VHtNO3i7oegC&pg=PA86&dq=%22operation+maritime+guard%22&hl=en&ei=vLgNTM_NIcKAlAeB1Km7Dg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22operation%20maritime%20guard%22&f=false |title=Maritime counterproliferation ... - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=June 8, 2010}}</ref>[http://www.euc.illinois.edu/_includes/docs/ReportoninterplayWEB.pdf][http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/maritime_guard.htm]


[[File:USS Kauffman FFG-59.jpg|thumb| right |[[USS Kauffman (FFG-59)|USS ''Kauffman'']], which took part in Operation Maritime Guard]]
It began on November 22, 1992.<ref name="google1"/><ref name="google2">{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=theWRLYkshcC&pg=PA81&dq=%22operation+maritime+guard%22&hl=en&ei=vLgNTM_NIcKAlAeB1Km7Dg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEIQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=%22operation%20maritime%20guard%22&f=false |title=NATO and the former Yugoslavia ... - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=June 8, 2010}}</ref> It authorized NATO to use force, and included stopping, inspecting, and diverting ships bound for the former Yugoslavia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=F787b6o8TgUC&pg=PT263&dq=%22operation+maritime+guard%22&hl=en&ei=vLgNTM_NIcKAlAeB1Km7Dg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22operation%20maritime%20guard%22&f=false |title=The Air Force Law Review - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=June 8, 2010}}</ref><ref name="google2"/> It comprised destroyers from Italy, Germany, Greece, Turkey, and the U.K, and frigates from the United States and the Netherlands.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9QhZjQqBy_4C&pg=PA130&dq=%22operation+maritime+guard%22&hl=en&ei=vLgNTM_NIcKAlAeB1Km7Dg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=%22operation%20maritime%20guard%22&f=false |title=Triumph of the lack of will ... - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com |date=May 27, 2005 |accessdate=June 8, 2010}}</ref>
It began on November 22, 1992.<ref name="google1"/><ref name="google2">{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=theWRLYkshcC&pg=PA81&dq=%22operation+maritime+guard%22&hl=en&ei=vLgNTM_NIcKAlAeB1Km7Dg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEIQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=%22operation%20maritime%20guard%22&f=false |title=NATO and the former Yugoslavia ... - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=June 8, 2010}}</ref> It authorized NATO to use force, and included stopping, inspecting, and diverting ships bound for the former Yugoslavia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=F787b6o8TgUC&pg=PT263&dq=%22operation+maritime+guard%22&hl=en&ei=vLgNTM_NIcKAlAeB1Km7Dg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22operation%20maritime%20guard%22&f=false |title=The Air Force Law Review - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=June 8, 2010}}</ref><ref name="google2"/> It was directed by the Commander-in-Chief Allied Forces Southern Europe, U.S. Admiral [[Mike Boorda]].[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/maritime_guard.htm]


With support from Turkey, the Netherlands, and Germany, the operation was strengthened to allow for NATO aircraft to shoot down aircraft that violated the blockade.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=UhT4G7aXK9oC&pg=PA67&dq=%22operation+maritime+guard%22&lr=lang_en&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=100&as_brr=3&ei=ebsNTLHcJYisygS7vuDUCg&client=firefox-a&cd=13#v=onepage&q=%22operation%20maritime%20guard%22&f=false |title=NATO's 'peace-enforcement' tasks and ... - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=June 8, 2010}}</ref>
The operation comprised destroyers from Turkey, Italy, Germany, Greece, and the U.K, and frigates from the United States and the Netherlands, assisted by NATO [[Maritime Patrol Aircraft]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9QhZjQqBy_4C&pg=PA130&dq=%22operation+maritime+guard%22&hl=en&ei=vLgNTM_NIcKAlAeB1Km7Dg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEcQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=%22operation%20maritime%20guard%22&f=false |title=Triumph of the lack of will ... - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com |date=May 27, 2005 |accessdate=June 8, 2010}}</ref>[http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA461623&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf] [[USS Kauffman (FFG-59)|USS ''Kauffman'']] took part in the operation.[http://www.history.navy.mil/shiphist/k/ffg-59/1993.pdf] [[AWACS]] supported the effort with its sophisticated maritime radar by providing blockading ships with long-range sea surveillance coverage.[http://www.journal.forces.gc.ca/vo8/no4/dennis-eng.asp]

With support from Turkey, the Netherlands, and Germany, the operation was strengthened to allow for NATO aircraft to shoot down aircraft that violated the blockade.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=UhT4G7aXK9oC&pg=PA67&dq=%22operation+maritime+guard%22&lr=lang_en&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=100&as_brr=3&ei=ebsNTLHcJYisygS7vuDUCg&client=firefox-a&cd=13#v=onepage&q=%22operation%20maritime%20guard%22&f=false |title=NATO's 'peace-enforcement' tasks and ... - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=June 8, 2010}}</ref> It was the first authorized use of force to back a UN Security Council Resolution.[http://www.humansecuritygateway.com/documents/CHATHAM_NATO_FromKosovoKabul.pdf]

Under the operation, 12,367 ships were contacted, 1,032 of them were inspected or diverted to a port to be inspected, and 9 ships were found to be violating the UN embargoes.[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/maritime_guard.htm]


Its successor was [[Operation Sharp Guard]], a multi-year joint naval blockade in the Adriatic Sea by NATO and the [[Western European Union]] on shipments to the former Yugoslavia that began on June 15, 1993, was suspended on June 19, 1996, and was terminated on October 2, 1996.<ref name="google1">{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=4ubWqD1XcAQC&pg=PA172&dq=blockade+%22operation+sharp+guard%22&lr=lang_en&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=100&as_brr=3&ei=z0oNTL6sB43MMomoyesE&cd=1#v=onepage&q=%22operation%20sharp%20guard%22&f=false |title=Naval coalition warfare: from the ... – Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=June 7, 2010}}</ref><ref name="independent1">{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/naval-blockade-lifts-in-adriatic-1337903.html |title=Naval blockade lifts in Adriatic – World, News |publisher=The Independent |date=June 20, 1996 |accessdate=June 7, 2010}}</ref><ref>[http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=archive&ct=res&cd=1-0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdocs.newsbank.com%2Fg%2FGooglePM%2FNR%2Flib00472%2C0F574E769146EAE6.html&ei=i0oNTO2DNprqngfDrP2ABw&usg=AFQjCNF35ql3I_btfEhAmEzLau7Z9LAPvg&sig2=1IIq2FAC-J2N22NRKQ5FZw NPR : Transcripts Search Results<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=evo4nKODKDsC&pg=PA533&dq=blockade+%22operation+sharp+guard%22&lr=lang_en&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=100&as_brr=3&ei=z0oNTL6sB43MMomoyesE&cd=7#v=onepage&q=%22operation%20sharp%20guard%22&f=false |title=American defense policy - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=June 7, 2010}}</ref>
Its successor was [[Operation Sharp Guard]], a multi-year joint naval blockade in the Adriatic Sea by NATO and the [[Western European Union]] on shipments to the former Yugoslavia that began on June 15, 1993, was suspended on June 19, 1996, and was terminated on October 2, 1996.<ref name="google1">{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=4ubWqD1XcAQC&pg=PA172&dq=blockade+%22operation+sharp+guard%22&lr=lang_en&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=100&as_brr=3&ei=z0oNTL6sB43MMomoyesE&cd=1#v=onepage&q=%22operation%20sharp%20guard%22&f=false |title=Naval coalition warfare: from the ... – Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=June 7, 2010}}</ref><ref name="independent1">{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/naval-blockade-lifts-in-adriatic-1337903.html |title=Naval blockade lifts in Adriatic – World, News |publisher=The Independent |date=June 20, 1996 |accessdate=June 7, 2010}}</ref><ref>[http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=archive&ct=res&cd=1-0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdocs.newsbank.com%2Fg%2FGooglePM%2FNR%2Flib00472%2C0F574E769146EAE6.html&ei=i0oNTO2DNprqngfDrP2ABw&usg=AFQjCNF35ql3I_btfEhAmEzLau7Z9LAPvg&sig2=1IIq2FAC-J2N22NRKQ5FZw NPR : Transcripts Search Results<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=evo4nKODKDsC&pg=PA533&dq=blockade+%22operation+sharp+guard%22&lr=lang_en&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=100&as_brr=3&ei=z0oNTL6sB43MMomoyesE&cd=7#v=onepage&q=%22operation%20sharp%20guard%22&f=false |title=American defense policy - Google Books |publisher=Books.google.com |date= |accessdate=June 7, 2010}}</ref>
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==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist|2}}


==External links==
==External links==

Revision as of 04:29, 8 June 2010

Operation Maritime Guard was a NATO blockade in the international waters of the Adriatic Sea of the former Yugoslavia.[1][2][3] It followed NATO Operation Maritime Monitor, and was in support of UNSC Resolution 787, which called upon states acting individually or otherwise to enforce the UN embargoes of the rump Yugoslavia.[1][2][4][5]

USS Kauffman, which took part in Operation Maritime Guard

It began on November 22, 1992.[1][3] It authorized NATO to use force, and included stopping, inspecting, and diverting ships bound for the former Yugoslavia.[4][3] It was directed by the Commander-in-Chief Allied Forces Southern Europe, U.S. Admiral Mike Boorda.[6]

The operation comprised destroyers from Turkey, Italy, Germany, Greece, and the U.K, and frigates from the United States and the Netherlands, assisted by NATO Maritime Patrol Aircraft.[5][7] USS Kauffman took part in the operation.[8] AWACS supported the effort with its sophisticated maritime radar by providing blockading ships with long-range sea surveillance coverage.[9]

With support from Turkey, the Netherlands, and Germany, the operation was strengthened to allow for NATO aircraft to shoot down aircraft that violated the blockade.[6] It was the first authorized use of force to back a UN Security Council Resolution.[10]

Under the operation, 12,367 ships were contacted, 1,032 of them were inspected or diverted to a port to be inspected, and 9 ships were found to be violating the UN embargoes.[11]

Its successor was Operation Sharp Guard, a multi-year joint naval blockade in the Adriatic Sea by NATO and the Western European Union on shipments to the former Yugoslavia that began on June 15, 1993, was suspended on June 19, 1996, and was terminated on October 2, 1996.[1][7][8][9]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "NATO: a beginner's guide - Google Books". Books.google.com. January 29, 2010. Retrieved June 8, 2010. Cite error: The named reference "google1" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  2. ^ "Maritime counterproliferation ... - Google Books". Books.google.com. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
  3. ^ a b "NATO and the former Yugoslavia ... - Google Books". Books.google.com. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
  4. ^ "The Air Force Law Review - Google Books". Books.google.com. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
  5. ^ "Triumph of the lack of will ... - Google Books". Books.google.com. May 27, 2005. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
  6. ^ "NATO's 'peace-enforcement' tasks and ... - Google Books". Books.google.com. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
  7. ^ "Naval blockade lifts in Adriatic – World, News". The Independent. June 20, 1996. Retrieved June 7, 2010.
  8. ^ NPR : Transcripts Search Results
  9. ^ "American defense policy - Google Books". Books.google.com. Retrieved June 7, 2010.
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