纛

纛	U+7E9B, 纛 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7E9B

Translingual

Han character

纛 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+19, 25 strokes, cangjie input 手一田卜火 (QMWYF), four-corner 5099₃, composition ⿱毒縣)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 944, character 11
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28080
Dae Jaweon: page 1384, character 19
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3470, character 16
Unihan data for U+7E9B

Chinese

trad.		纛
simp. ^#		纛
alternative forms		𦒛𢃶𦑢

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纛

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (毒) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
瑇	dɯːɡs, duːɡ
纛	duːɡs, duːɡ
碡	doːɡ, duːɡ, *duɡ
毒	*l'uːɡ
蝳	*duːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *duːɡs, *duːɡ) : phonetic 毒 (OC *l'uːɡ) + semantic 縣

Etymology

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Related to 翿 (OC *duː, *duːs, “streamer or banner adorned with feathers used in dances or funeral ceremonies in ancient China”)?”

Attested late, earliest extant instance being in Rites of Zhou:

鄉師之職：……大喪用役，則帥其民而至，遂治之。及葬，執纛，以與匠帥御柩而治役。及窆，執斧以蒞匠師。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
乡师之职：……大丧用役，则帅其民而至，遂治之。及葬，执纛，以与匠帅御柩而治役。及窆，执斧以莅匠师。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: Rites of Zhou, circa 3^rd century BCE
Xiāngshī zhī zhí:...... Dàsàng yòng yì, zé shuài qí mín ér zhì, suì zhì zhī. Jí zàng, zhí dào, yǐ yǔ jiàngshuài yù jiù ér zhì yì. Jí biǎn, zhí fǔ yǐ lì jiàngshī. [Pinyin]
The duties of the leaders of the interior districts: [...] When employing draftees for major funerals, he'll go ahead of his men and directs their tasks. During burials, he'll hold a feather-standard while conducting the coffin procession alongsides the wrights' leader and also directing the draftees. While the coffin is being lowered, he'll hold an ax while standing besides the wrights' leader.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): dào, dú (dao⁴, du²)

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄠˋ, ㄉㄨˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): dou⁶ / duk⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tō / to̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): dog⁸ / dao⁶ / dag⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dào
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dào
  - Wade–Giles: tao⁴
  - Yale: dàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: daw
  - Palladius: дао (dao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɑʊ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dú
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dú
  - Wade–Giles: tu²
  - Yale: dú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dwu
  - Palladius: ду (du)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tu³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: dou⁶ / duk⁶
  - Yale: douh / duhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dou⁶ / duk⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: dou⁶ / dug⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tou̯²²/, /tʊk̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tō / to̍k
  - Tâi-lô: tō / to̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: doi, dok
  - IPA (Xiamen): /to²²/, /tɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /to⁴¹/, /tɔk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /to²²/, /tɔk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /to³³/, /tɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɤ³³/, /tɔk̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: dog⁸ / dao⁶ / dag⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: to̍k / tău / ta̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tok̚⁴/, /tau³⁵/, /tak̚⁴/

Middle Chinese: dawH, dowk

Rime
Character	纛	纛
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	沃 (6)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	徒到切	徒沃切
Baxter	dawH	dowk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dɑu^H/	/duok̚/
Pan Wuyun	/dɑu^H/	/duok̚/
Shao Rongfen	/dɑu^H/	/dok̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/daw^H/	/dawk̚/
Li Rong	/dɑu^H/	/dok̚/
Wang Li	/dɑu^H/	/duok̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/dʱɑu^H/	/dʱuok̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dào	dú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dou⁶	duk⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ˤuk-s/, /*dˤuk/

(Zhengzhang): /*duːɡs/, /*duːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	纛	纛
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dào	dú
Middle Chinese	‹ daw^H ›	‹ dowk ›
Old Chinese	/*[d]ˁuk-s/	/*dˁuk/
English	banner, streamer	banner, streamer
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	纛	纛
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	2484	2489
Phonetic component	毒	毒
Rime group	奧	覺
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	導	毒
Old Chinese	/*duːɡs/	/*duːɡ/

Definitions

纛

(historical) big army banner used in ancient China
(historical) banner made from hairs or feathers and used on the king's or emperor's carriage in ancient China

Compounds

Descendants

→ Old Turkic: 𐱃𐰆𐰍 (t¹uǧ, “standard”)
- → Mongolian: туг (tug, “yak-tailed banner, flag”)
→ Karakhanid: [script needed] (tūγ, “standard”)^[1]

References

“纛”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

^ Clauson, Gerard (1972). An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-13th Century Turkish. Oxford University Press. p. 464

Japanese

Kanji

纛

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

On (unclassified): とう (tō)、とく (toku)
Kun: はたぼこ (hataboko)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
纛
Hyōgai
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) とー [tóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [to̞ː]

Noun

纛(とう) • (tō) ^{←たう (tau)^?}

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 纛 (MC dawH).

Hanja

纛 (eum 도 (do))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 纛 (MC dowk).

Hanja

纛 (eum 독 (dok))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] Clauson, Gerard (1972). An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-13th Century Turkish. Oxford University Press. p. 464

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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