爛

See also: 烂

爛	U+721B, 爛 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-721B

← 爚
[U+721A]

CJK Unified Ideographs

爜 →
[U+721C]

爛	U+F91E, 爛 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F91E

← 欄
[U+F91D]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

蘭 →
[U+F91F]

Translingual

Han character

爛 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+17, 21 strokes, cangjie input 火日弓田 (FANW), four-corner 9782₀, composition ⿰火闌)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 687, character 25
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19604
Dae Jaweon: page 1099, character 12
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2249, character 2
Unihan data for U+721B

Unihan data for U+F91E

Chinese

trad.		爛
simp.		烂

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 爛
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (柬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蘭	*ɡ·raːn
攔	*ɡ·raːn
欄	*ɡ·raːn
瀾	ɡ·raːn, ɡ·raːns
讕	ɡ·raːn, ɡ·raːnʔ, *ɡ·raːns
闌	*ɡ·raːn
韊	*ɡ·raːn
幱	*ɡ·raːn
籣	*ɡ·raːn
躝	*ɡ·raːn
爛	*ɡ·raːns
爤	*ɡ·raːns
鑭	*ɡ·raːns
糷	*ɡ·raːns
斕	*ɡ·reːn
揀	kreːnʔ, ɡ·reːns
柬	*kreːnʔ
暕	*kreːnʔ
諫	*kraːns
練	*ɡ·reːns
鍊	*ɡ·reːns
煉	*ɡ·reːns
楝	*ɡ·reːns
萰	*ɡ·reːns
堜	*ɡ·reːns
湅	*ɡ·reːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡ·raːns) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 闌 (OC *ɡ·raːn).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): làn (lan⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄢˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nan⁴
Cantonese (Jyutping): laan⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lan
Northern Min (KCR): lṳ̄ing
Eastern Min (BUC): lâng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): nōa / lān

(Teochew, Peng'im): nuan⁷ / lang⁶
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶le

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: làn
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: làn
  - Wade–Giles: lan⁴
  - Yale: làn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lann
  - Palladius: лань (lanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /län⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: nan⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nan²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: laan⁶
  - Yale: laahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: laan⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: lan⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /laːn²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lan
  - Hakka Romanization System: lan
  - Hagfa Pinyim: lan⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /lan⁵⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lṳ̄ing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lyiŋ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lâng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ɑŋ²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nōa
  - Tâi-lô: nuā
  - Phofsit Daibuun: noa
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /nuã⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /nuã³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /nuã²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lān
  - Tâi-lô: lān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lan
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /lan³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /lan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /lan²²/

Note:

nōa - vernacular;
lān - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: nuan⁷ / lang⁶
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nuāⁿ / lăng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /nũã¹¹/, /laŋ³⁵/

Note:

nuan7 - vernacular;
lang6 - literary.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶le
  - MiniDict: le^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³le
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /le²³/

Middle Chinese: lanH

Rime
Character	爛
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	郎旰切
Baxter	lanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lan^H/
Li Rong	/lɑn^H/
Wang Li	/lɑn^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/lɑn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	làn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	laan⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤan-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡ·raːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	爛
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	làn
Middle Chinese	‹ lan^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁan-s/
English	cooked until soft
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	爛
Reading #	1/1
No.	6130
Phonetic component	柬
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	爛
Old Chinese	/*ɡ·raːns/

Definitions

爛

(of fruits, etc.) rotten; spoiled; decayed
爛蘋果／烂苹果 ― làn píngguǒ ― rotten apple
well-cooked; soft; mushy
佢鍾意啲薯仔煮得好爛。 [Cantonese, trad.]
佢钟意啲薯仔煮得好烂。 [Cantonese, simp.]
keoi⁵ zung¹ ji³ di¹ syu⁴ zai² zyu² dak¹ hou² laan⁶. [Jyutping]
He likes his potatoes cooked very mushy.
broken; fragmented; shattered
佢整爛其他人啲嘢都唔知錯。 [Cantonese, trad.]
佢整烂其他人啲嘢都唔知错。 [Cantonese, simp.]
keoi⁵ zing² laan⁶ kei⁴ taa¹ jan⁴ di¹ je⁵ dou¹ m⁴ zi¹ co³. [Jyutping]
He didn't apologize even though he broke someone else's things.
low-quality; poor; lousy
爛gag／烂gag [Cantonese] ― laan⁶ gag [Jyutping] ― bad joke

我的英文很爛。／我的英文很烂。 ― Wǒ de yīngwén hěn làn. ― My English is awful.
to rot; to decay; to decompose; to spoil
completely; thoroughly
bright; brilliant; gorgeous; magnificent
(Cantonese) to be addicted to
Synonym: 嗜 (shì)

爛瞓／烂𰥛 [Cantonese] ― laan⁶ fan³ [Jyutping] ― to habitually sleep too much; to be a lover of sleep

爛賭／烂赌 [Cantonese] ― laan⁶ dou² [Jyutping] ― fond of gambling
(Cantonese) extremely
抵到爛／抵到烂 [Cantonese] ― dai² dou³ laan⁶ [Jyutping] ― to be extremely cost-effective; to be a great bargain
Used in 爛漫／烂漫 (lànmàn).

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 爛 (“rotten; decayed”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		爛
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	爛
Northeastern Mandarin	Singapore	爛
Southern Min	Tainan	爛
	Penang (Hokkien)	爛
	Singapore (Hokkien)	爛
	Jieyang	糜
	Singapore (Teochew)	糜

Compounds

References

“爛”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

爛

(Hyōgai kanji)

Readings

Korean

Hanja

爛 • (ran>nan) (hangeul 란>난, revised ran>nan, McCune–Reischauer ran>nan, Yale lan>nan)

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Vietnamese

Han character

爛: Hán Nôm readings: lạn, láng, rạn

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