察

See also: 詧

察	U+5BDF, 察 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BDF

← 寞
[U+5BDE]

CJK Unified Ideographs

寠 →
[U+5BE0]

Translingual

Han character

察 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 十月人火 (JBOF), four-corner 3090₁, composition ⿱宀祭)

Derived characters

嚓擦檫䃰聺鑔(镲) 䕓𢣼𪹾𥌀𧞍𥽕𫟗𧭂𨆾𩟔𩉐𩴳𬿺𬯠𬰓𬩲

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 290, character 16
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7283
Dae Jaweon: page 574, character 23
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 948, character 8
Unihan data for U+5BDF

Chinese

trad.		察
simp. ^#		察
2nd round simp.		𰌵

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (祭) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
蔡	*sʰlaːds
瘵	*ʔsreːds
祭	ʔsreːds, ʔsleds
際	*ʔsleds
穄	*ʔsleds
鰶	*ʔsleds
傺	*hr'eds
摖	*sʰleːds
擦	*sʰlaːd
攃	sʰlaːd, saːd
礤	*sʰlaːd
察	*sʰreːd
詧	sʰreːd, sʰeːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰreːd) : semantic 宀 (“roof”) + phonetic 祭 (OC *ʔsreːds, *ʔsleds) – study carefully at home.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): chá (cha²)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄚˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ca²

(Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): cǎ

(Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): chåq

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ца (ca, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): caat³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): cat²
Gan (Wiktionary): cat⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhat

(Meixian, Guangdong): cad⁵
Jin (Wiktionary): cah⁴
Northern Min (KCR): chuŏi
Eastern Min (BUC): chák
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): cah⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chhat / sat

(Teochew, Peng'im): cag⁴

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): cag⁴
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁷tshaq / ⁷tshaeq
- (Jinhua): ⁷tsheq; ⁵tshua
Xiang
(Changsha, Wiktionary): ca⁶

(Loudi, Wiktionary): ca²

(Hengyang, Wiktionary): ca⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chá
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄚˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chá
  - Wade–Giles: chʻa²
  - Yale: chá
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: char
  - Palladius: ча (ča)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰä³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: ca²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ca
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰa²¹/
- (Xi'an)
  - Guanzhong Pinyin: cǎ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰa²¹/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin: chåq
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): chaq⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰaʔ⁵/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ца (ca, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰa²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: caat³
  - Yale: chaat
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsaat⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: cad³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaːt̚³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: cat²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰat̚⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: cat⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰat̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhat
  - Hakka Romanization System: cad^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cad⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰat̚²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: cad⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰat̚¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: cah⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰaʔ²/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chuŏi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuɛ²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: chák
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɑʔ²⁴/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: cah⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaʔ¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: cah⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaʔ²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Hui'an, Yongchun, Longyan, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhat
  - Tâi-lô: tshat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhad
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yongchun, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰat̚³²/
  - IPA (Hui'an): /t͡sʰat̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Longyan): /t͡sʰat̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Zhangpu)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sat
  - Tâi-lô: sat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sad
  - IPA (Zhangpu): /sat̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cag⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshak
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰak̚²/
- (Leizhou)
  - Leizhou Pinyin: cag⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰak̚⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Changzhou, Jiaxing, Tongxiang, Haining, Haiyan, Hangzhou, Ningbo)
  - Wugniu: ⁷tshaq
  - MiniDict: tshah^入
  - MiniDict: tsheh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴tshaq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰaʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiading): /t͡sʰaʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Changzhou): /t͡sʰaʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /t͡sʰaʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Tongxiang): /t͡sʰaʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Haining): /t͡sʰaʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Haiyan): /t͡sʰaʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /t͡sʰɑʔ⁵⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /t͡sʰɐʔ⁵⁵/
- (Northern: Chongming, Suzhou, Shaoxing)
  - Wugniu: ⁷tshaeq
  - MiniDict: tshaeh^入
  - Sinological IPA (Chongming): /t͡sʰæʔ⁵/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡sʰaʔ⁴³/
  - Sinological IPA (Shaoxing): /t͡sʰæʔ⁴⁵/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu: ⁷tsheq; ⁵tshua
  - Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /t͡sʰəʔ⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰuɑ⁵⁵/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: ca⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰa̠²⁴/
- (Loudi)
  - Wiktionary: ca²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰa̠¹³/
- (Hengyang)
  - Wiktionary: ca⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰä²²/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 察
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂʰa³⁵/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂʰa²⁴/
	Tianjin	/t͡sʰɑ⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂʰa²¹³/
	Qingdao	/ʈ͡ʂʰa⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰa⁴²/
	Xi'an	/t͡sʰa²¹/
	Xining	/t͡sʰa⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂʰa⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰa⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡sʰa⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡sʰa²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡sʰa³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡sʰa²¹/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂʰa̠³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂʰɑʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂʰɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sʰaʔ²/
	Pingyao	/t͡sʰʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sʰaʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡sʰaʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡sʰaʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sʰɑʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sʰa²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sʰaʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡sʰɔ⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sʰa²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡sʰɒ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰaʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰat̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/t͡sʰɑt̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sʰat̚³/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰat̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰɐt̚³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡sʰat̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡sʰɑʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡sʰuɛ²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡sʰak̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/sak̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: tsrheat

Rime
Character	察
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	初 (19)
Final (韻)	鎋 (75)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	初八切
Baxter	tsrheat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃʰˠɛt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂʰᵚæt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃʰæt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂʰəɨt̚/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃʰɛt̚/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃʰæt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂʰat̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cha
Expected Cantonese Reflex	caat³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]ˤret/

(Zhengzhang): /*sʰreːd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	察
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chá
Middle Chinese	‹ tsrhɛt ›
Old Chinese	/*[tsʰ]ˁret/
English	examine
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	察
Reading #	1/1
No.	5849
Phonetic component	祭
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	𪙻
Old Chinese	/*sʰreːd/

Definitions

察

to examine; to investigate; to notice
Short for 察哈爾／察哈尔 (Cháhā'ěr).
晉察冀邊區／晋察冀边区 ― Jìn Chá Jì Biānqū ― Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

察

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

guess

Readings

Go-on: せち (sechi)
Kan-on: さつ (satsu, Jōyō)
Kun: しる (shiru, 察る)、みる (miru, 察る)、あきらか (akiraka, 察らか)

Korean

Hanja

察 • (chal) (hangeul 찰, revised chal, McCune–Reischauer ch'al)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

察: Hán Nôm readings: sát, xét

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.