冤

See also: 寃

冤	U+51A4, 冤 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51A4

← 冣
[U+51A3]

CJK Unified Ideographs

冥 →
[U+51A5]

冤	U+2F818, 冤 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F818

← 冗
[U+2F817]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement

仌 →
[U+2F819]

Translingual

Han character

冤 (Kangxi radical 14, 冖+8, 10 strokes, cangjie input 月弓日戈 (BNAI) or 月弓山戈 (BNUI), four-corner 3741₃, composition ⿱冖兔)

Derived characters

𪡶, 𡟰, 𰔚, 𣹠, 𩌑, 𩝸, 𪑲, 𣍍, 蒬

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 130, character 27
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1587
Dae Jaweon: page 293, character 7
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 305, character 1
Unihan data for U+51A4

Unihan data for U+2F818

Chinese

simp. and trad.		冤
alternative forms		寃𡨚𠕤𡨘惌

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 冤
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (冤) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
冤	*qon
蒬	*qon

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 冖 (“cover”) + 兔 (“rabbit”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yuān (yuan¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄩㄢ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yuan¹
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jyun¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): yon¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): yên / yân

(Meixian, Guangdong): yan¹
Northern Min (KCR): ṳ́ing
Eastern Min (BUC): uŏng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): oan / un

(Teochew, Peng'im): uêng¹ / uang¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹ioe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yuān
  - Zhuyin: ㄩㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yuan
  - Wade–Giles: yüan¹
  - Yale: ywān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iuan
  - Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛn⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: yuan¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: uan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yan⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jyun¹
  - Yale: yūn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jyn¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yun¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyːn⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: yon¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jᵘɔn³³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yên
  - Hakka Romanization System: ien^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan¹
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯en²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yân
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yan¹
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yan¹
  - Sinological IPA: /ian⁴⁴/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ṳ́ing
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yiŋ⁵⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: uŏng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /uoŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oan
  - Tâi-lô: uan
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oafn
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /uan³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /uan⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: un
  - Tâi-lô: un
  - Phofsit Daibuun: wn
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /un³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /un⁴⁴/

Note:

oan - literary (to argue);
un - vernacular (limited, e.g. 冤屈).

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: uêng¹ / uang¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ueng / uang
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ueŋ³³/, /uaŋ³³/

Note:

uêng1 - Chaozhou;
uang1 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chenghai, Chaoyang.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹ioe
  - MiniDict: ioe^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹yoe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /yø⁵³/

Middle Chinese: 'jwon

Rime
Character	冤
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	元 (66)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	於袁切
Baxter	'jwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔʉɐn/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔʷiɐn/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiuɐn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔuan/
Li Rong	/ʔiuɐn/
Wang Li	/ĭwɐn/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔi̯wɐn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyun¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*qon/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	冤
Reading #	1/1
No.	16094
Phonetic component	冤
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	鴛
Old Chinese	/*qon/
Notes	後或作寃

Definitions

冤

to wrong; to treat unjustly
not cost-effective
(literary, or in compounds) grievance; unjust
(literary, or in compounds) enmity; hatred
(Cantonese) to pester; to bother; to annoy
- 2023, 7m25s from the start, in 笑满岭南七十载：专访第三届广东文艺终身成就奖获得者黄俊英‎^[1]:
  
  跟住係唔係就冤住爸爸媽媽話我真係想學粵劇呀噉樣？ [Cantonese, trad.]
  跟住系唔系就冤住爸爸妈妈话我真系想学粤剧呀噉样？ [Cantonese, simp.]
  gan¹ zyu⁶ hai⁶ m⁴ hai⁶ zau⁶ jyun¹ zyu⁶ baa¹ baa¹ maa¹ maa¹ waa⁶ ngo⁵ zan¹ hai⁶ soeng² hok⁶ jyut⁶ kek⁶ aa³ gam² joeng^6-2? [Jyutping]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
(Cantonese) Alternative form of 㾓 (jyun¹, “sore; achy and tired”)
(Southern Min) to argue; to quarrel

Synonyms

(grievance): 委屈 (wěiqu)
(enmity):

edit

仇怨 (chóuyuàn)
仇恨 (chóuhèn)
冤仇 (yuānchóu)
嫌 (xián) (literary, or in compounds)
怨恨 (yuànhèn)
敵意／敌意 (díyì)
梁子 (niang² zi³) (Sichuanese)

(to pester): 纏／缠 (chán)
(to argue):

Dialectal synonyms of 吵架 (“to quarrel; to argue”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		吵架, 爭吵, 吵鬧, 爭執, 吵嘴, 拌嘴, 鬥嘴
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	吵架, 打架, 嗆嗆, 吵吵, 吵秧子
	Taiwan	吵架
	Langfang	吵架
	Harbin	吵架, 吵吵, 打嘴仗, 打吵子, 打嘰嘰, 鬧嘰嘰
	Malaysia	吵架
	Singapore	吵架
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	犯嚼情, 犯嚼舌, 嗆嗆, 戧, 對掐, 摑
	Tangshan	吵吵
	Cangzhou	打架
	Baoding	吵架
	Shijiazhuang	吵架
	Jinan	吵, 吵架, 吵嘴, 打仗, 打架
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	打嘴仗, 打仗
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Qingdao	打仗
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	嚷架兒
	Daming	吵架
	Wanrong	吵架
	Xi'an	吵嘴, 吵架, 吵
	Xining	吵架, 吵嘴
	Xuzhou	磨牙, 詥架, 詥, 拌嘴
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	吵嘴
	Lanzhou	吵仗, 嚷仗
	Ürümqi	嚷仗, 吵架
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	吵架, 吵, 扯筋, 罵架, 鬧架, 角逆, 打嘴巴仗
	Chongqing	吵架, 吵嘴, 找些來鬧
	Wuhan	吵架, 吵嘴, 折罵
	Guiyang	吵架, 鬧起來
	Kunming	嚷, 嚷架, 爭嘴, 拌嘴
	Guilin	吵架
	Liuzhou	吵嘴, 吵, 鬧架
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	吵窩子
	Yangzhou	𠵹喪, 𠵹, 吵, 吵死
	Nantong	罵架, 𠵹喪, 𠵹, 犯頂, 犯翹, 吵死, 吵嘴
	Hefei	吵嘴
Cantonese	Guangzhou	嗌交, 嘈交, 鬧交, 吵交, 爭交, 嘈吵
	Hong Kong	嗌交, 鬧交, 嘈交, 爭交
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	嗌交
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	吵鬧
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	鬧交
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	嘈交
	Macau	爭交
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	嗌交
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	鬧交
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	嗌交
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	嘈, 怒交
	Foshan	嗌交
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	嗌交
	Foshan (Shunde)	爭交
	Foshan (Sanshui)	吵插
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	爭吵, 嗌交
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	爭交
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	爭交
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	鬧交
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	鬧交
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	鬧交
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	鬧交
	Taishan	鬧交
	Kaiping (Chikan)	鬧交
	Enping (Niujiang)	鬧交
	Heshan (Yayao)	嘈
	Dongguan	鬧交, 嘈交
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	鬧交
	Shenzhen (Dapeng)	嘈交
	Yangjiang	打交
	Nanning	爭交, 嗌交
	Wuzhou	爭交, 嗌交
	Yulin	爭交
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	爭交
	Danzhou	鬧會
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	嘈交, 嗌交, 牙絡
	Singapore (Guangfu)	嘈交, 嗌交
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	嗌交
Gan	Nanchang	罵相罵, 埂仗
	Lichuan	相罵, 埂, 吵
	Pingxiang	鬥鬧
Hakka	Meixian	相罵, 嘈交仔, 嘈交, 嘈嘴, 嘈仗, 詏
	Xingning	嘈交哩, 嘈交
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	嘈交, 嘈嘴, 撐交, 鬧交
	Huizhou (Shuikou; Bendihua)	詏
	Huizhou (Hengli; Bendihua)	詏
	Huidong (Daling)	嘈交
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	嘈交
	Longmen (Pingling; Bendihua)	爭嘴
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	鬧交
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	嘈交, 罵交
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	罵交
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	嘈嘴哩
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	嘈交哩
	Wuhua (Changbu)	嘈嘴哩, 嘈交哩
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	嘈相罵
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	嘈交
	Zijin (Guzhu; Bendihua)	嘈嘴
	Longchuan (Tuocheng; Bendihua)	嘈交仔
	Longchuan (Sidu; Bendihua)	爭
	Heping (Linzhai; Bendihua)	嘈口, 嘈交
	Lianping (Zhongxin; Bendihua)	嘈交
	Lianping (Longjie; Bendihua)	講口
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	講口
	Xinfeng (Matou; Bendihua)	嘈嘴
	Xinfeng (Daxi; Bendihua)	講口
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	嘈交, 相聲
	Liannan	嘈交
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	罵交
	Jiexi	相詏
	Changting	講口, 鬥舌
	Wuping	嘈交子, 相罵
	Wuping (Pingyu)	嘈交子, 嘈交, 講嘴
	Liancheng	講口, 鬥舌
	Ninghua	講口
	Yudu	講口
	Ruijin	講口
	Shicheng	講口
	Shangyou (Shexi)	講口
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	冤家, 相嘈, 相罵, 駁嘴
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	冤家, 相嘈, 相罵, 嘈事
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	冤家, 相嘈, 相罵, 駁嘴
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	冤家, 相嘈, 相罵, 駁嘴
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	冤家, 相嘈, 相罵, 駁嘴
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	冤家, 相嘈, 相罵, 駁嘴
	Hong Kong	嘈交
	Luchuan	爭交
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	吵嘴
	Sabah (Longchuan)	嘈交
	Senai (Huiyang)	嘈交
	Kuching (Hepo)	相罵
	Singkawang	相嘈
Huizhou	Jixi	吵, 吵死
Huizhou	Shexian	吵死
Jin	Taiyuan	吵, 嚷, 吵架
	Xinzhou	嚷架, 嚷
	Zhangjiakou	嚷架
	Handan	吵架
Northern Min	Jian'ou	相罵
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	罵架
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	相罵
	Pucheng (Shibei)	相爭
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	冤家, 相罵
	Fuzhou (Changle)	相爭
	Fuqing	冤家, 相罵
	Yongtai	相罵
	Gutian	相爭
	Ningde	相喊
	Shouning	咬齧
	Zhouning	咬齧
	Fuding	猴咬
Southern Min	Xiamen	相罵, 冤家, 冤, 嘀嗒
	Xiamen (Tong'an)	冤家
	Quanzhou	冤家, 冤, 嘀嗒
	Jinjiang	冤家, 冤
	Zhangzhou	冤家, 冤
	Zhao'an	相罵, 冤家, 交拚
	Taipei	相罵, 冤家
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	相罵, 冤家
	Kaohsiung	相罵, 冤家
	Yilan	相罵, 冤家
	Changhua (Lukang)	相罵, 冤家, 相嚷
	Taichung	相罵, 冤家
	Taichung (Wuqi)	冤家
	Tainan	相罵, 冤家
	Taitung	冤家
	Hsinchu	相嚷, 相罵
	Kinmen	相罵
	Penghu (Magong)	相罵
	Penang (Hokkien)	相罵, 相嚷, 厊䜎, 相爭
	Singapore (Hokkien)	相罵, 冤家, 冤, 厊䜎, 相諍
	Manila (Hokkien)	冤家, 相諍, 冤
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	相罵
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	爭交
	Chaozhou	相罵, 冤家
	Shantou	相罵, 相詏, 冤家
	Shantou (Chenghai)	相罵, 相詏, 冤家
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	相詏
	Jieyang	相罵, 冤家
	Puning	相詏, 鬥詏, 鬥相詏, 冤家, 相爭
	Haifeng	相罵, 冤家
	Bangkok (Teochew)	相罵, 相詏
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	相罵
	Singapore (Teochew)	相罵, 冤家
	Leizhou	相爭
	Wenchang	相罵, 相爭
	Haikou	相爭
	Singapore (Hainanese)	相罵
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	罵交
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Sanxiang)	罵交
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	爭交, 爭架, 鬥口
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	鬧交子
Wu	Shanghai	吵相罵, 尋相罵, 盤嘴舌, 吵, 盤淘氣, 相罵 dated, 做惱 dated
	Shanghai (Chongming)	吵相罵, 淘氣
	Suzhou	吵相罵, 尋相罵, 相罵
	Wuxi	吵相罵, 相罵
	Danyang	吵相罵, 吵事, 吵架, 吵屍
	Hangzhou	鬧架兒, 吵吵兒, 吵架兒
	Shaoxing	討相罵, 悖逆
	Ningbo	造孽, 造
	Wenzhou	亂起, 相亂, 爭起
	Jinhua	相罵, 相爭, 接熱
	Jinhua (Tangxi)	相爭
Xiang	Changsha	吵場合, 鬧場合, 扯皮, 扯筋
	Xiangtan	扯皮
	Loudi	𪘬皮, 𪘬架, 吵架
	Shuangfeng	𪘬筋, 扯皮
	Quanzhou	爭吵

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “not cost-effective”):

edit

上算 (shàngsuàn)
優惠／优惠 (yōuhuì)
划算 (huásuàn)
化算 (faa³ syun³) (Cantonese)
合摟兒／合搂儿 (hélòur) (Beijing Mandarin)
合盤／合盘 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
合算 (hésuàn)
實惠／实惠 (shíhuì)
抵 (dai²) (Cantonese)
會值得／会值得 (Hokkien)
會行得／会行得 (Hokkien)
有盤／有盘 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
盤／盘 (Hokkien, Teochew)
盤頭／盘头 (Xiamen Hokkien)
經濟／经济 (jīngjì)

Compounds

References

“冤”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

冤

(Hyōgai kanji)

false charge
hatred

Readings

On (unclassified): えん (en)
Kun: ぬれぎぬ (nureginu, 冤)、あだ (ada, 冤)

Noun

冤(えん) • (en) ^{←ゑん (wen)^?}

false charge

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 冤 (MC 'jwon). Recorded as Middle Korean 寃/원 (wen) (Yale: wen) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

冤

Wikisource

冤 (eumhun 원통할 원 (wontonghal won))

hanja form^? of 원 (“grievance; injustice; wrong”)

Compounds

원통 (寃痛, wontong)
원옥 (冤獄, wonok)
원혼 (冤魂, wonhon)
원죄 (冤罪, wonjoe)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]