ti-
Classical Nahuatl
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- t- (before vowels)
Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]ti-
- Subject prefix for verbs; indicates that the subject is first person plural: we.
- Subject prefix for verbs; indicates that the subject is second person singular: you; thou.
Usage notes
[edit]- If used to denote the (first person) plural, then the prefixed verb should also be suffixed with -h.
Related terms
[edit]Esperanto
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Demonstratives of European languages in t, such as English (this, that, there, thus, then), French (tel, tant), Polish (ten), Russian (те, то, так, там, такой, тогда). Note also German (dies, den).
Prefix
[edit]ti-
- this-, that-. (Demonstrative correlative prefix.)
Usage notes
[edit]By itself, the ti- words do not specify distance, as is the case with French ce. However, the absence of the particle ĉi, which indicates proximity, may suggest greater distance than ĉi would be used for. That is, tiu ĉi (this one) is equivalent to French celui-ci, while tiu (that one) is equivalent to both celui and celui-là. Occasionally the particle for is used (tiu for) for celui-là.
Derived terms
[edit]Old Saxon
[edit]Prefix
[edit]ti-
- Alternative form of te-
Phuthi
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Bantu *jí-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *bì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.
Prefix
[edit]ti-
- Class 8 noun prefix.
Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Bantu *jí-. Originally the prefix of class 10, it replaced the class 8 prefix as well.
Prefix
[edit]ti-
- they; class 8 subject concord.
- them; class 8 object concord.
- they; class 10 subject concord.
- them; class 10 object concord.
Etymology 3
[edit]From Proto-Nguni [Term?].
Prefix
[edit]ti-
- Class 10 noun prefix.
Pipil
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]ti-
- (personal) you, second-person singular subject marker.
- (personal) we, first-person plural subject marker.
See also
[edit]- taja (personal pronoun)
- metz- (object marker)
- tejemet (personal pronoun)
- tech- (object marker)
- -t (plural verb suffix)
Swazi
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Bantu *jí-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *bì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.
Prefix
[edit]ti-
- Class 8 noun prefix.
Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Bantu *jí-. Originally the prefix of class 10, it replaced the class 8 prefix as well.
Prefix
[edit]ti-
- they; class 8 subject concord.
- them; class 8 object concord.
- they; class 10 subject concord.
- them; class 10 object concord.
Taos
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]ti-
- (transitive) First person singular subject + third person singular object.
Uneapa
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From earlier *tina- via haplology from *tina-na > ti-na, from Proto-Oceanic *tina, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tina, from Proto-Austronesian *ta-ina, from *ina.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]ti-
Further reading
[edit]- Terry Crowley et al, The Oceanic Languages (2013), page 366
- Johnston, R.L. 1982. "Proto-Kimbe and the New Guinea Oceanic hypothesis". In Halim, A., Carrington, L. and Wurm, S.A. editors. Papers from the Third International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics, Vol. 1: Currents in Oceanic, 59-95.
West Makian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]ti-
- first-person singular possessive prefix, my
See also
[edit]independent | possessive prefix | |
---|---|---|
1st person singular | de | ti |
2nd person singular | ni | ni |
3rd person singular | me | mVan., dVinan. |
1st person plural inclusive | ene | nV |
1st person plural exclusive | imi | mi |
2nd person plural | ini | fi |
3rd person plural | eme | di |
- V indicates the expected assimilated vowel of the following noun, following standard West Makian vowel harmony.
References
[edit]- Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours[1], Pacific linguistics
Ye'kwana
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]ti-
- Allomorph of t- used for stems that begin with a consonant other than w and have a first vowel i.
Inflection
[edit]pronoun | noun possessor/ series II verb argument |
postposition object | series I verb argument | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
transitive patient | intransitive patient-like | intransitive agent-like | transitive agent | |||||||
first person | ewü | y-, ∅-, ü-, u-1 | w-, wi- | |||||||
first person dual inclusive | küwü | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- | k-, kii-, ki-1 | |||||||
second person | amödö | ö-, öy-/ödh-, o-, oy-/odh-, a-, ay-/adh- | m-, mi- | |||||||
first person dual exclusive | nña | y-/dh-, ch-, ∅-, i-1 | chö- | ∅- | n-, ni- | |||||
third person | tüwü | n-, ni- | ||||||||
distant past third person | — | kün-, kun-, kin-, ken-, küm-, kum-, kim-, kini- | ||||||||
coreferential/reflexive | — | t-, tü-, tu-, ti-, te- | — | |||||||
reciprocal | — | — | öö- | |||||||
|
series I verb argument: transitive agent and transitive patient | |
---|---|
first person > second person | mön-, man-, mon-, möm-, möni- |
first person dual exclusive > second person | |
second person > first person | k-, kü-, ku-, ki- |
second person > first person dual exclusive | |
third person > any person X …or… any person X > third person | see person X in the chart above |
- Classical Nahuatl terms with IPA pronunciation
- Classical Nahuatl lemmas
- Classical Nahuatl prefixes
- Esperanto lemmas
- Esperanto prefixes
- Old Saxon lemmas
- Old Saxon prefixes
- Phuthi terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Phuthi terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Phuthi lemmas
- Phuthi prefixes
- Phuthi noun prefixes
- Phuthi subject concords
- Phuthi object concords
- Phuthi terms inherited from Proto-Nguni
- Phuthi terms derived from Proto-Nguni
- Pipil terms with IPA pronunciation
- Pipil lemmas
- Pipil prefixes
- Pipil terms with usage examples
- Swazi terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Swazi terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Swazi lemmas
- Swazi prefixes
- Swazi noun prefixes
- Swazi subject concords
- Swazi object concords
- Taos terms with IPA pronunciation
- Taos lemmas
- Taos prefixes
- Taos transitive verbs
- Uneapa terms inherited from Proto-Oceanic
- Uneapa terms derived from Proto-Oceanic
- Uneapa terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Uneapa terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Uneapa terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Uneapa terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Uneapa terms with IPA pronunciation
- Uneapa lemmas
- Uneapa nouns
- West Makian terms with IPA pronunciation
- West Makian lemmas
- West Makian pronouns
- Ye'kwana terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ye'kwana lemmas
- Ye'kwana prefixes