summa

From Latin summa.

summa (plural summas or summae)

1. A comprehensive summary of, or treatise on a subject, especially theology or philosophy.
2. (figuratively) A culmination or archetypal example.
   • 1987, Svetlana Alpers, “The Mapping Impulse in Dutch Art”, in David Woodward, editor, Art and Cartography: Six Historical Essays, page 57:

     In size, scope, and graphic ambition [the map] is a summa of the mapping art of the day, represented in paint by Vermeer.

   • 1993, Franca Falletti, The David and the Accademia Gallery, page 6:

     The painting is a “summa” of the various trends that intertwined and developed during those crucial years of the early sixteenth century in Florence.

   • 1999, Eric Nash, Manhattan Skyscrapers, page 93:

     Rockefeller Center is at once a summa of the Art Deco style, and a look ahead to the Internationalist style that dominated after World War II.

• summa cum laude

• Mumas, maums, ummas

From Latin summa.

summa (genitive summa, partitive summat)

1. sum

• “summa”, in [PSV] Eesti keele põhisõnavara sõnastik (in Estonian) (online version, not updated), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2014
• “summa”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
• “summa”, in [ÕS] Eesti õigekeelsussõnaraamat ÕS 2018 (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2018, →ISBN
• summa in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)

Ultimately from Latin summa, probably through Swedish summa.

• IPA^(key): /ˈsumːɑ/, [ˈs̠umːɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -umːɑ
• Syllabification^(key): sum‧ma

summa

1. sum (result of addition)
2. (in particular) sum, amount (especially of money)

   Synonyms: rahasumma, potti

3. (mathematics, uncommon) addition

   Synonyms: yhteenlasku, pluslasku, summaus

• “summa”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

• ammus, sammu, samum

From Latin summa (“sum, summary, total”).

• Rhymes: -ʏmːa

summa f (genitive singular summu, nominative plural summur)

1. (arithmetic) a sum; (a quantity obtained by addition or aggregation)

Declension of summa
f-w1	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	summa	summan	summur	summurnar
accusative	summu	summuna	summur	summurnar
dative	summu	summunni	summum	summunum
genitive	summu	summunnar	summa	summanna

Borrowed from Russian сумма (summa).

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈsumːɑ/, [ˈs̠umː]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈsumːɑ/, [ˈʃumːɑ]
• Rhymes: -umː, -umːɑ
• Hyphenation: sum‧ma

summa

1. sum, amount
2. (arithmetic) sum (result of an addition)
   • 1937, N. S. Popova, translated by Mihailov and D. I. Efimov, Arifmetiikan oppikirja alkușkouluja vart (kolmas osa), Leningrad: Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 8:

     Cislaa 132 kutsutaa summaks, a cisloja 38, 36, 32 ja 26 — lisättäviks.

     The number 132 is called the sum, and the numbers 38, 36, 32 and 26 are called the summands.

Declension of summa (type 3/koira, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	summa	summat
genitive	summan	summiin
partitive	summaa	summia
illative	summaa	summii
inessive	summaas	summiis
elative	summast	summist
allative	summalle	summille
adessive	summaal	summiil
ablative	summalt	summilt
translative	summaks	summiks
essive	summanna, summaan	summinna, summiin
exessive1)	summant	summint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 550

From summus, superlative of superus (“upper, higher”).

• summa: (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈsum.ma/, [ˈs̠ʊmːä]
• summa: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈsum.ma/, [ˈsumːä]
• summā: (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈsum.maː/, [ˈs̠ʊmːäː]
• summā: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈsum.ma/, [ˈsumːä]

summa f (genitive summae); first declension

1. top, summit, highest point or place
2. the principal or main thing
3. (also mathematics) sum, summary, total
4. (Medieval Latin) the quarter, an English unit of weight and volume equal to ¼ ton or tun or 8 bushels
   • c. 1300, Tractatus de Ponderibus et Mensuris:

     Saccus lane debet ponderare viginti & octo petras & solebat ponderare unam summam frumenti

     A sack of wool ought to weigh twenty & eight stone & is accustomed to weigh one quarter of wheat.

First-declension noun.

• superus

• summa: (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈsum.ma/, [ˈs̠ʊmːä]
• summa: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈsum.ma/, [ˈsumːä]
• summā: (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈsum.maː/, [ˈs̠ʊmːäː]
• summā: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈsum.ma/, [ˈsumːä]

summa

1. inflection of summus:
   1. nominative/vocative feminine singular
   2. nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

summā

1. ablative feminine singular of summus

From summum (“highest place”), from summus, superlative of superus (“upper, higher”).

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈsum.ma/, [ˈs̠ʊmːä]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈsum.ma/, [ˈsumːä]

summa

1. nominative/accusative/vocative plural of summum

• “summa”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “summa”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• summa in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• summa in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to live to a very great age: ad summam senectutem pervenire
    
  • to be reduced to (abject) poverty: ad egestatem, ad inopiam (summam omnium rerum) redigi
    
  • to attain to the highest eminence: ad summam auctoritatem pervenire
    
  • to become famous, distinguish oneself: gloriam colligere, in summam gloriam venire
    
  • to dwell only on the main points: res summas attingere
    
  • to be plunged into the depths of despair: ad (summam) desperationem pervenire, adduci (B. C. 2. 42)
    
  • to rouse a person's expectation, curiosity to the highest pitch: aliquem in summam exspectationem adducere (Tusc. 1. 17. 39)
    
  • to compute the total of anything: summam facere alicuius rei
    
  • to elevate to the highest dignity: aliquem ad summam dignitatem perducere (B. G. 7. 39)
    
  • to confer supreme power on a person: imperium, rerum summam deferre alicui
    
  • to be commander-in-chief: imperii summam tenere (Rep. 2. 28)
    
  • to be commander-in-chief: imperii summae praeesse
    
  • to appoint some one commander-in-chief: imperii summam deferre alicui or ad aliquem, tradere alicui
    
  • to sum up..: ut eorum, quae dixi, summam faciam
    
  • (ambiguous) the surface of the water: summa aqua
    
  • (ambiguous) in the height of summer, depth of winter: summa aestate, hieme
    
  • (ambiguous) to be entirely destitute; to be a beggar: in summa egestate or mendicitate esse
    
  • (ambiguous) to be bound by the closest ties of friendship: artissimo amicitiae vinculo or summa familiaritate cum aliquo coniunctum esse
    
  • (ambiguous) to be in a dignified position: dignitas est summa in aliquo
    
  • (ambiguous) to be in a dignified position: summa dignitate praeditum esse
    
  • (ambiguous) to praise, extol, commend a person: (maximis, summis) laudibus efferre aliquem or aliquid
    
  • (ambiguous) to have reached the highest pinnacle of eminence: summa gloria florere
    
  • (ambiguous) ideal perfection: absolutio et perfectio (not summa perfectio)
    
  • (ambiguous) the learned men are most unanimous in..: summa est virorum doctissimorum consensio (opp. dissensio)
    
  • (ambiguous) to honour the gods with all due ceremonial (very devoutly): deum rite (summa religione) colere
    
  • (ambiguous) to stand in very intimate relations to some one: summa necessitudine aliquem contingere
    
  • (ambiguous) to be in severe pecuniary straits: in summa difficultate nummaria versari (Verr. 2. 28. 69)
    
  • (ambiguous) the welfare of the state: summa res publica (or summa rei publicae)
    
  • (ambiguous) to proceed against some one with the utmost rigour of the law; to strain the law in one's favour: summo iure agere cum aliquo (cf. summum ius, summa iniuria)
    
  • (ambiguous) the command-in-chief: summa belli, imperii (B. G. 2. 4. 7)
    
  • (ambiguous) deep peace: summa pax
    

• summet

summa

1. inflection of summe:
   1. simple past
   2. past participle

Learned borrowing from Latin summa.

• IPA^(key): /ˈsum.ma/
• Rhymes: -umma
• Syllabification: sum‧ma

summa f

1. (historical) summa (medieval didactics literary genre written in Latin, born during the 12th century, and popularized in 13th century Europe)
2. summa (comprehensive summary of, or treatise on a subject, especially theology or philosophy)

   Synonym: podsumowanie

3. summa (culmination or archetypal example)

• summa in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• summa in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• summa in PWN's encyclopedia

Borrowed from Latin summa.

• Audio:

  (file)

summa c

1. sum, result of addition
2. amount of money

• summa in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker
• summa in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

• mumsa