iuvenis

• juvenis
• iuenis, iovenis, iubenis, iobenis (inscr. and codd.)
• zuvenis (Merovingian)
• I. (inscr. abbr.)

From Proto-Italic *juwenis, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yéwHō.^[1] Cognate with Sanskrit युवन् (yúvan), Persian جوان (javân), Old Irish óc (early OIr: óac), Old English ġeong (whence English young).

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈi̯u.u̯e.nis/, [ˈi̯uː̯ɛnɪs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈju.ve.nis/, [ˈjuːvenis]

iuvenis m or f (genitive iuvenis); third declension

1. A youth, a young man, young woman, young adult (between ages 20-40), (older than an adulescens but younger than a senior/senex)

   Antonym: senex

• In classical Latin, the age of a iuvenis ranged approximately from 20 to 40. By today's standards, English speakers would not call a man who is thirty-eight years of age a "young adult", but in classical Latin, this was common practice. In medieval Latin, the classical definition continued to be used, but the word could sometimes refer instead to younger ages such as 14-19, overlapping with the sense of classical Latin adulēscēns or even puer.^[2]

Third-declension noun.

iuvenis (genitive iuvenis, comparative iūnior or iuvenior); third-declension one-termination adjective (non-i-stem)

1. youthful, young

   Synonyms: iuvenīlis, novus, novellus, recēns, adulēscēns

   Antonyms: senex, grandaevus, vetus, vetulus

   • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 7.10.1.1:

     Diu inter primores iuvenum Romanorum silentium fuit

     • 1924 translation by Benjamin Oliver Foster

       The young Roman nobles were for a long time silent.

   • c. 100 CE – 110 CE, Tacitus, Histories 4.8.18:

     Suadere etiam Prisco ne supra principem scanderet, ne Vespasianum senem triumphalem, iuvenum liberorum patrem, praeceptis coerceret.

   • before late 4th century CE^[3], pseudo-Quintilian, Declamationes Maiores 9.23.12:

     Si quis grandis natu parens est, miserebitur senis, si quis iuvenis filius, miserebitur adolescentis.

     If anyone is an aged parent, he will commiserate with the old; if anyone is a young son, he will commiserate with the young.

• In the positive degree, normally used as a masculine or feminine adjective with the same consonant-stem forms as the noun. Other forms (e.g. i-stem ablative singular iuvenī or genitive plural iuvenium, neuter nominative/accusative singular iuvene or plural iuvenia) are not attested in Classical Latin, and are seen only occasionally in Medieval or New Latin texts. Some are specifically noted to be absent by grammarians.^[4][5]
• In Classical Latin, when applied to a human, this adjective often implies a more specific phase of life than merely 'not yet old', typically referring to young adults rather than infants or children. See the note beneath the noun for more details on the typical age range. There are attestations in Imperial Latin that show overlap rather than contrast with the age category denoted by the word adulēscēns. A sense 'immature' or 'not adult' is attested in New Latin.
• The superlative (iuvenissimus) is not attested in Classical Latin: the sense of "youngest" is expressed by other means, such as the phrase natū minimus (literally "least in age").

Third-declension one-termination adjective (non-i-stem).

• “iuvenis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• iuvenis in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “iuvenis” in volume 7, part 2, column 734, line 1 in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present