ban

ban

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Balinese.

• Wiktionary's coverage of Balinese terms

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA^(key): /bæn/
• (General Australian) IPA^(key): /bæːn/
• (æ-tensing) IPA^(key): [bɛən], [beən]

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -æn

Inherited from Middle English bannen (“to summon; to banish; to curse”), partly from Old English bannan (“to summon, command, proclaim, call out”), from Proto-West Germanic *bannan; and partly from Old Norse banna (“to prohibit; to curse”), both from Proto-Germanic *bannaną (“to proclaim, to order; to summon; to ban; to curse, forbid”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂-new-ti ~ bʰh₂-n̥w-énti, innovative nasal-infixed zero-grade athematic present of *bʰeh₂- (“to say”).

Cognate with Dutch bannen (“to ban, exile, discard”), German bannen (“to exile, to exorcise, captivate, excommunicate”), Swedish banna (“to ban, scold”), Vedic Sanskrit भनति (bhánati), Armenian բան (ban) and perhaps Albanian banoj (“to reside, dwell”). See also banal, abandon.

ban (third-person singular simple present bans, present participle banning, simple past and past participle banned)

1. (transitive, obsolete) To summon; to call out.
2. (transitive) To anathematize; to pronounce an ecclesiastical curse upon; to place under a ban.
3. (transitive) To curse; to execrate.
   • c. 1555, Hugh Latimer, a sermon:

     They will curse and ban […] even into the deep pit of hell, all that gainsay their appetite.

4. (transitive) To prohibit; to interdict; to proscribe; to forbid or block from participation.
   • 1816, Lord Byron, The Prisoner of Chillon:

     To whom the goodly earth and air Are banned

   • 2011 December 14, Steven Morris, “Devon woman jailed for 168 days for killing kitten in microwave”, in The Guardian:

     Jailing her on Wednesday, magistrate Liz Clyne told Robins: "You have shown little remorse either for the death of the kitten or the trauma to your former friend Sarah Knutton." She was also banned from keeping animals for 10 years.

   • 2013 August 10, “A new prescription”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:

     No sooner has a [synthetic] drug been blacklisted than chemists adjust their recipe and start churning out a subtly different one. These “legal highs” are sold for the few months it takes the authorities to identify and ban them, and then the cycle begins again.

   • 2024 September 23, Soumya Karlamangla, “California Bans All Plastic Bags After Its First Effort Backfired”, in The New York Times‎^[1]:

     Gov. Gavin Newsom signed legislation on Sunday banning the sale at grocery checkouts of all plastic bags, regardless of thickness.

   Bare feet are banned in this establishment.

5. (transitive, intransitive) To curse; to utter curses or maledictions.
   • 1814 July 7, [Walter Scott], Waverley; or, ’Tis Sixty Years Since. […], volumes (please specify |volume=I to III), Edinburgh:  […] James Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Co.; London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, →OCLC:

     :“I seldom ban, sir,” said he to the man; “but if you play any of your hound's-foot tricks, and leave puir Berwick before he's sorted, to rin after spuilzie, deil be wi' me if I do not give your craig a thraw”

• forbid
• prohibit
• disallow

• allow
• permit

• forban
• shadowban

ban (plural bans)

1. Prohibition.
   • 1667, John Milton, “Book IX”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], and are to be sold by Peter Parker […]; [a]nd by Robert Boulter […]; [a]nd Matthias Walker, […], →OCLC; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, →OCLC:

     That sacred fruit, sacred to abstinence,
     Much more to taste it under ban to touch

   • 2024 September 23, Soumya Karlamangla, “California Bans All Plastic Bags After Its First Effort Backfired”, in The New York Times‎^[2]:

     California has been on the forefront of plastic bag bans. In 2007, Mr. Newsom, as mayor of San Francisco, signed a law that made the city the first in the nation to ban plastic bags in grocery stores.

2. A public proclamation or edict; also, a summons by public proclamation, and in early use especially a summons to arms.
   • 1641, John Rastell, translated by William Rastell, Termes de la Lay, 37b:

     Bans is common and ordinary amongst the Feudists, and signifies a proclamation, or any publike notice.

3. The gathering of the (French) king’s vassals for war; the whole body of vassals assembled this way, or liable to be summoned; originally the same as arriere-ban, but distinct since the 16th century, following French usage—see arriere-ban.
   • 1591, published 1847, Henry Unton, Correspondence of Sir Henry Unton, knt., Ambassador from Queen Elizabeth to Henry IV. King of France, in the years MDXCI. and MDXCII., page 54:

     […] he hath sente abroade to assemble his van and arriere van; wherby, and with the reste of his forces, he prepareth him selfe to enter this countrey; […]

   • 1671, John Crowne, Juliana, or, The princess of Poland a tragicomedy, as it is acted at His Royal Highness the Duke of York's theatre, Act I, page 8:

     […] all the Ban and the Arrierban, are met arm’d in the field, to choose a King […]

   • 1683, William Temple, chapter I, in Memoirs of what past in Christendom, from the War begun 1672, to the Peace concluded 1679:

     France was at such a Pinch for Men, […] that they call’d their Ban and Arriere Ban, the assembling whereof had been long disus’ed, and in a Manner antiquated.

   • 1818, Henry Hallam, View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages, chapter II, part II:

     The ban was sometimes convoked, that is, the possessors of the fiefs were called upon for military service in subsequent ages; but with more of ostentation than real efficiency.

   • 1874, Charles Boutell, chapter 7, in Arms And Armour In Antiquity And The Middle Ages, page 98:

     The act of calling together the vassals in armed array, was entitled “convoking the ban”—“convoquer le ban.”

4. (obsolete) A curse or anathema.
   • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene ii]:

     With Hecate's ban thrice blasted, thrice infected

5. A pecuniary mulct or penalty laid upon a delinquent for offending against a ban, such as a mulct paid to a bishop by one guilty of sacrilege or other crimes.

• banns

Borrowed from Romanian ban of uncertain origin, perhaps from Serbo-Croatian bân.

ban (plural bani)

1. A subdivision of currency, equal to one hundredth of a Romanian leu.
2. A subdivision of currency, equal to one hundredth of a Moldovan leu.

From Banburismus; coined by Alan Turing.

ban (plural bans)

1. A unit measuring information or entropy based on base-ten logarithms, rather than the base-two logarithms that define the bit.

• dit, hartley

• deciban

• bit, nat, qubit

From South Slavic (compare Serbo-Croatian bȃn), from Proto-Slavic *banъ; see there for more.

ban (plural bans)

1. A title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century.

• banat, banate, Banat

• -nab, -nab-, ABN, BNA, NAB, NBA, nab, nab-

• IPA^(key): [bã˦]

ban

1. to finish

• 2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈban]

ban m (plural bans)

1. ban (a public proclamation or edict)

• bandejar

ban m (plural bans)

1. ban (a title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century)

• banat

• “ban” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
• “ban”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
• “ban” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “ban” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

• IPA^(key): /βan/

ban

1. shame, sorrow, outrage

• Gómez Aldana D. F., Análisis morfológico del Vocabulario 158 de la Biblioteca Nacional de Colombia. Grupo de Investigación Muysccubun. 2013.
• Quesada Pacheco, Miguel Ángel. 1991. El vocabulario mosco de 1612. En estudios de Lingüística Chibcha. Programa de investigación del departamento de lingüística de la Universidad de Costa Rica. Serie Anual Tomo X San José (Costa Rica). Universidad de Costa Rica.
• Gómez Aldana D. F., Análisis morfológico Gramática de Lugo. Grupo de Investigación Muysccubun. 2013.

• band

From English ban.

ban

1. (Hong Kong Cantonese, Internet) to ban
2. (Hong Kong Cantonese) to reject (ideas, proposals, suggestions, etc.)

   ban橋／ban桥 [Cantonese]  ―  ben¹ kiu^4-2 [Jyutping]  ―  to reject an idea

• (to reject): foul

From Middle Dutch ban. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

• IPA^(key): /bɑn/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ban
• Rhymes: -ɑn

ban m (plural bannen)

1. excommunication, denunciation, shunning
2. anathema which is cast upon one who is excommunicated
3. magic spell
4. (historical) legal or feudal domain
5. (historical) public declaration
6. (archaic) exile

• balling
• banneling
• huwelijksban

• banaal

Borrowed from English ban.

• IPA^(key): /bɛn/
• Hyphenation: ban
• Rhymes: -ɛn
• Homophone: ben

ban m (plural bans)

1. a revocation of permission to access or participate

   Synonym: toegangsverbod

   De forumgebruiker die zich heeft misdragen heeft een ban gekregen.

   The forum user that misbehaved has been given a ban.

Mostly common within internet communities.

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

• IPA^(key): /bɑn/

ban

1. inflection of bannen:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
   3. imperative

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

• IPA^(key): /bɛn/

ban

1. inflection of bannen:
   1. first-person singular present indicative
   2. (in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative
   3. imperative

• IPA^(key): /bɑ̃/
• Homophones: banc, bancs, bans

From Old French ban, from Frankish *ban.

ban m (plural bans)

1. (dated) public declaration
2. (dated) announcement of a marriage; banns
3. (East of France, Belgium) territory

• arrière-ban
• en rupture de ban
• mettre au ban
• bannière
• banal
• banir
• bannissement
• banlieue
• abandon
• abandonner
• abandonné
• forban

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian bȃn. See English ban.

ban m (plural bans)

1. ban (nobleman)

• “ban”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
• Nelly Andrieux-Reix (1989) Ancien français : Fiches de vocabulaire, Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, →ISBN, page 22

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• IPA^(key): /bã/

ban

1. give

• ba
• bay

For pronunciation and definitions of ban – see 屘 (“the youngest”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 屘).

• IPA^(key): [ban]

ban

1. A particle interpreted as the numeral 'one' by Eduardo Orduña and Joan Ferrer, and compared to Basque bat (“one”).

• Eduardo Orduña [Aznar], Los numerales ibéricos y el protovasco
• Joan Ferrer i Jané, El sistema de numerales ibérico: avances en su conocimiento

• From Dutch band, from Middle Dutch bant.
• The sense “band” is a semantic loan from English band.

• IPA^(key): [ˈban]
• Rhymes: -an
• Hyphenation: ban

ban (first-person possessive banku, second-person possessive banmu, third-person possessive bannya)

1. tyre, tire.

   Synonym: tayar (Standard Malay)

2. tape

   Synonym: pita

3. belt

   Synonyms: ikat pinggang, sabuk

4. (physics) band, a part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

   Synonym: pita

• band (pre-1947)

From Dutch baan, from Middle Dutch bāne, from Old Dutch *bana, from Proto-Germanic *banō.

• IPA^(key): [ˈban]
• Hyphenation: ban

ban (first-person possessive banku, second-person possessive banmu, third-person possessive bannya)

1. a road, way, path

   Synonyms: jalan, jalur

2. a track, lane

   Synonym: lintasan

3. (sports, ball games) court, field (place for playing sports or games, in particular non-team ball games)

From English ban.

• IPA^(key): [ˈbɛn]
• Hyphenation: ban

ban

1. (Internet slang) a ban

   Synonym: blok

ban

1. (Internet slang) to ban

   Synonym: blokir

• “ban” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

• IPA^(key): /bˠan̪ˠ/, /bˠanˠ/

ban f pl

1. genitive plural of bean

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
ban	bhan	mban
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “ban”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

ban

1. Rōmaji transcription of ばん
2. Rōmaji transcription of バン

Borrowed from German Bahn. Compare Greater Polish bana and Silesian bana.

• IPA^(key): /ˈban/
• Rhymes: -an
• Syllabification: ban

ban m inan

1. train

   Synonyms: cuch, pòcąg

• Sychta, Bernard (1976) “ban”, in Słownik gwar kaszubskich [Dictionary of Kashubian dialects] (in Polish), volume 7 (Suplement), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 6
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “pociąg”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[3]
• “ban”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

ban

1. sneeze

ban

1. Nonstandard spelling of bān.
2. Nonstandard spelling of bǎn.
3. Nonstandard spelling of bàn.

• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

ban (Raguileo spelling)

1. death

ban (Raguileo spelling)

1. To die.
2. first-person singular realis form of ban; I died; I have died.

• Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.

ban

1. to sneeze

From Old English bana.

ban

1. Alternative form of bane

From Old English bān.

ban

1. Alternative form of bon

ban

1. first-person singular present of weese

Related to Persian بام (bâm).

• IPA^(key): /bɑːn/

ban ?

1. roof

ban

1. imperative of bane (Etymology 3)

From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną.

ban n

1. (dialectal) alternative form of barn (“child”)

From Proto-West Germanic *bain, Proto-Germanic *bainą.

Cognate with Old Frisian bēn (West Frisian bien), Old Saxon bēn (Low German been, bein), Dutch been (“bone, leg”), Old High German bein (German Bein (“leg”)), Old Norse bein (Icelandic bein (“bone”)).

• IPA^(key): /bɑːn/

bān n (nominative plural bān)

1. bone
2. ivory

• bānhūs
• bānlēas
• hryċġbān
• sċinbān

• Middle English: bon, ban, bane, bone, boon
  • English: bone
  • Geordie English: byen
  • Scots: bane, bain, bean, been
  • Yola: bane

• IPA^(key): /ban/

ban

1. genitive dual/plural of ben

ban

1. first-person plural imperative of is

• baán

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
ban	ban pronounced with /β(ʲ)-/	mban
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Cognate with Southeastern Tepehuan bhan, Northern Tepehuan bánai.

ban (plural ba꞉ban)

1. coyote

From Portuguese vambora.

ban

1. let’s go

Probably borrowed from Urdu بَنْد (band), from Persian بند (band).

• IPA^(key): /ban/

ban (invariable, Perso-Arabic spelling بن)

1. closed
2. blocked, stopped

• band

• Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “ban”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎^[4], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

• IPA^(key): /ˈban/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -an
• Syllabification: ban

Borrowed from Romanian ban.

ban m animal

1. ban (subdivision of currency)

Borrowed from English ban, from Middle English bannen (“to summon; to bannish; to curse”), partly from Old English bannan (“to summon, command, proclaim, call out”) and partly from Old Norse banna (“to prohibit; to curse”), both from Proto-Germanic *bannaną (“to proclaim, to order; to summon; to ban; to curse, forbid”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂-new-ti ~ bʰh₂-n̥w-énti, innovative nasal-infixed zero-grade athematic present of *bʰeh₂- (“to say”).

ban m animal

1. (Internet) ban

Borrowed from Serbo-Croatian ban, from Late Proto-Slavic *banъ, from Turkic.

ban m pers

1. ban (title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century)

• ban in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• ban in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Unadapted borrowing from English ban.

ban

1. (Internet slang) ban (block from interacting in an internet community)

• banimento

• бан (ban) — post-1930s Cyrillic spelling

Unknown. Perhaps from Medieval Latin *bannus (“communication”), perhaps through a German intermediate.^[1] Other theories derive the word from Proto-Slavic *banъ (“master, lord”) (via Serbo-Croatian or Hungarian). Ultimate Mongolian origin (баян (bajan, “rich lord; plutocrat”)) has also been proposed.^[2]

• IPA^(key): /ban/
• Rhymes: -an

ban m (plural bani)

1. money; coin
2. ban (unit of currency, one hundredth of a leu)

Usually used in the plural form, bani

• bancnotă (“paper money, bank note”)
• monedă

From Late Proto-Slavic *banъ.

• IPA^(key): /bâːn/
• Rhymes: -âːn

bȃn m (Cyrillic spelling ба̑н)

1. ban (title)

Borrowed from Hokkien 盤／盘 (pôaⁿ, “tray, plate, dish”).

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈban/ [ˈban̪]
• Rhymes: -an
• Syllabification: ban

ban (Baybayin spelling ᜊᜈ᜔)

1. (rare) wheel

   Synonyms: gulong, ruweda

Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic بان (bān).

ban (Tifinagh spelling ⴱⴰⵏ)

1. (intransitive) to appear, to emerge

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

• biyyen (“to show”)
• lbiyyina (“evidence”)

Cognate with Lao ບານ (bān), Thai บาน (baan).

• (Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA^(key): [ɓaːn˧˥]
• (Trùng Khánh) IPA^(key): [ɓaːn˦]

ban (班)

1. well-developed; husky

   slao ban ― busty girl

   bâư ban ― leaf reaching the bánh tẻ stage

• Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary]‎^[5][6] (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [ʔɓaːn˧˧]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [ʔɓaːŋ˧˧]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [ʔɓaːŋ˧˧]

Sino-Vietnamese word from 班.

ban

1. (historical) branch of administration in the feudal court (of which there are two types: the civil administrators and the martial office holders)
2. group (of people doing the same work); band; board; squad; committee
3. shift; work period
4. (only in compounds) time period; section of the day

   Synonym: buổi

   ban trưa ― noon

5. (dated) (college-level) subject; (academic) department

(classifier cây, hoa) ban

1. orchid tree (Bauhinia variegata)

Sino-Vietnamese word from 斑.

ban

1. (medicine) rash

ban

1. (Central Vietnam) ball

ban

1. (colloquial) Alternative form of pan

Sino-Vietnamese word from 頒.

ban

1. (archaic) to confer on; to bestow
2. (archaic) to announce; to herald; to proclaim

Borrowed from French bain.

ban (nominative plural bans)

1. bath

• banön

From Middle Welsh bann, from Proto-Brythonic *bann, from Proto-Celtic *bandā.

• IPA^(key): /ban/
• Rhymes: -an

ban m (plural bannau or bannoedd)

1. peak, summit
2. point, principle

   Synonyms: pwnc, testun

• Pen y Fan
• Bannau Brycheiniog (“Brecon Beacons”)

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ban”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies

ban

1. dirty
2. nasty
3. very angry

• State Library of Queensland, ABORIGINAL LANGUAGES OF THE GREATER BRISBANE AREA, 16 March 2015.

ban

1. dome, cupola
2. room

• IPA^(key): /ban˧˩/

bàn

1. arm

• Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 41