absum

From ab- (“from, away”) +‎ sum (“I am”).

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈab.sum/, [ˈäps̠ʊ̃ˑ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈab.sum/, [ˈäbsum]

absum (present infinitive abesse, perfect active āfuī, future participle āfutūrus); irregular conjugation, irregular, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle

1. to be away, to be absent, to be distant

   Synonym: dēsum

   Antonyms: adsum, stō

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.620:

     “‘Nusquam aberō, et tūtum patriō tē līmine sistam.’”

     “‘I will never be distant [from you], and will set you safe at your father's doorstep.’”
     (Venus reassures her son, Aeneas.)

2. (of length or time) to stretch, be away from, be distant from (with ab + ablatif)
   • c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico libre I.chapter 43:

     Hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat.

     This position was placed at an almost equal distance from Ariovist's and Caesar's camp.

3. to be forbidden, be unpleasant, unwarranted for, vile
   • c. 672 CE – 735 CE, Bede, Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum libre I.capitulum 32:

     Si enim, quod absit, uerba eius postponitis, quando eum omnipotens Deus poterit audire pro uobis, quem uos neglegitis audire pro Deo?

     If in fact, and God forbid! you scorn his teachings, when God omnipotent were to hear him in your favor, would you neglect hearing him as messenger of our God?

• Regularized perfect and supine forms abfuī, abfutūrus etc. occur in Medieval Latin.

• (I am away): longē sum

• → Old High German: abawesen (calque)
  • German: abwesend
    • ⇒ German: Abwesenheit
• Norwegian Bokmål: abessiv

absum

1. inflection of absus:
   1. nominative/vocative neuter singular
   2. accusative masculine/neuter singular

absum

1. accusative singular of absus

• “absum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “absum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• absum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to be far from town: longe, procul abesse ab urbe
    
  • to be not far away: prope (propius, proxime) abesse
    
  • he has been absent five years: quinque annos or sextum (iam) annum abest
    
  • to be quite uncivilised: ab omni cultu et humanitate longe abesse (B. G. 1. 1. 3)
    
  • God forbid: quod abominor! (procul absit!)
    
  • to be free from blame: abesse a culpa
    
  • to be almost culpable: prope abesse a culpa