暴虐

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Chinese

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sudden; violent; cruel
sudden; violent; cruel; to show or expose; to injure
 
 oppressive; tyrannical
trad. (暴虐) 暴 虐
simp. #(暴虐) 暴 虐

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 暴 虐
Reading # 1/2 1/1
Initial (聲) 並 (3) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 豪 (89) 藥 (107)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I III
Fanqie 薄報切 魚約切
Baxter bawH ngjak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/bɑuH/ /ŋɨɐk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/bɑuH/ /ŋiɐk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/bɑuH/ /ŋiɑk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/bawH/ /ŋɨak̚/
Li
Rong 		/bɑuH/ /ŋiak̚/
Wang
Li 		/bɑuH/ /ŋĭak̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/bʱɑuH/ /ŋi̯ak̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bào yuè
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		bou6 joek6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 暴 虐
Reading # 1/2 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		bào nüè
Middle
Chinese 		‹ bawH › ‹ ngjak ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[b]ˁawk-s/ /*[ŋ](r)awk/
English violent cruel

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 暴 虐
Reading # 1/2 1/1
No. 330 9636
Phonetic
component 		暴 虐
Rime
group 		貌 藥
Rime
subdivision 		3 1
Corresponding
MC rime 		暴 虐
Old
Chinese 		/*boːwɢs/ /*ŋawɢ/

Adjective

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暴虐

  1. brutal; tyrannical

Synonyms

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edit

Verb

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暴虐

  1. (literary) to treat brutally; to maltreat

Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (暴虐):

Japanese

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Kanji in this term
暴 虐
ぼう
Grade: 5 		ぎゃく
Grade: S
goon on'yomi

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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暴(ぼう)虐(ぎゃく) • (bōgyaku) ←ぼうぎやく (bougyaku)?-na (adnominal 暴(ぼう)虐(ぎゃく)な (bōgyaku na), adverbial 暴(ぼう)虐(ぎゃく)に (bōgyaku ni))

  1. brutal; tyrannical

Inflection

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Inflection of 暴虐
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 暴虐だろ ぼうぎゃくだろ bōgyaku daro
Continuative (連用形) 暴虐で ぼうぎゃくで bōgyaku de
Terminal (終止形) 暴虐だ ぼうぎゃくだ bōgyaku da
Attributive (連体形) 暴虐な ぼうぎゃくな bōgyaku na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 暴虐なら ぼうぎゃくなら bōgyaku nara
Imperative (命令形) 暴虐であれ ぼうぎゃくであれ bōgyaku de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 暴虐ではない
暴虐じゃない 		ぼうぎゃくではない
ぼうぎゃくじゃない 		bōgyaku de wa nai
bōgyaku ja nai
Informal past 暴虐だった ぼうぎゃくだった bōgyaku datta
Informal negative past 暴虐ではなかった
暴虐じゃなかった 		ぼうぎゃくではなかった
ぼうぎゃくじゃなかった 		bōgyaku de wa nakatta
bōgyaku ja nakatta
Formal 暴虐です ぼうぎゃくです bōgyaku desu
Formal negative 暴虐ではありません
暴虐じゃありません 		ぼうぎゃくではありません
ぼうぎゃくじゃありません 		bōgyaku de wa arimasen
bōgyaku ja arimasen
Formal past 暴虐でした ぼうぎゃくでした bōgyaku deshita
Formal negative past 暴虐ではありませんでした
暴虐じゃありませんでした 		ぼうぎゃくではありませんでした
ぼうぎゃくじゃありませんでした 		bōgyaku de wa arimasen deshita
bōgyaku ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 暴虐で ぼうぎゃくで bōgyaku de
Conditional 暴虐なら（ば） ぼうぎゃくなら（ば） bōgyaku nara (ba)
Provisional 暴虐だったら ぼうぎゃくだったら bōgyaku dattara
Volitional 暴虐だろう ぼうぎゃくだろう bōgyaku darō
Adverbial 暴虐に ぼうぎゃくに bōgyaku ni
Degree 暴虐さ ぼうぎゃくさ bōgyakusa

Noun

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暴(ぼう)虐(ぎゃく) • (bōgyaku) ←ぼうぎやく (bougyaku)?

  1. brutality; tyranny

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  3. ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja in this term
暴虐

Noun

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暴虐 • (pohak) (hangeul 포학)

  1. hanja form? of 포학 (“tyranny; atrocity”)

Vietnamese

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chữ Hán Nôm in this term
暴虐

Adjective

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暴虐

  1. chữ Hán form of bạo ngược (“cruel; brutal; tyrannical”).
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