克己

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Chinese

		gram; subdue; to restrain gram; subdue; to restrain; to overcome	6th heavenly stem; self
simp. and trad. (克己)		克	己

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kèjǐ

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄜˋ ㄐㄧˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hak¹ gei²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khiet-kí / khiat-kí
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khiak-kí / khek-kí

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kèjǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄜˋ ㄐㄧˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kèjǐ
  - Wade–Giles: kʻo⁴-chi³
  - Yale: kè-jǐ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kehjii
  - Palladius: кэцзи (kɛczi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɤ⁵¹ t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: hak¹ gei²
  - Yale: hāk géi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hak⁷ gei²
  - Guangdong Romanization: heg¹ géi²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐk̚⁵ kei̯³⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiet-kí
  - Hakka Romanization System: kied^ˋ gi^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kiad⁵ gi³
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯et̚² ki³¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiat-kí
  - Hakka Romanization System: kiad^ˋ gi^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kiad⁵ gi³
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯at̚² ki³¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiak-kí
  - Tâi-lô: khiak-kí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiakkie
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiak̚⁵⁻²⁴ ki⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khek-kí
  - Tâi-lô: khik-kí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qekkie
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ki⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ki⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ ki⁵³/

Verb

克己

to control one's desires; to practice self-restraint

Adjective

克己

frugal; economical; thrifty

Synonyms

仔細／仔细 (zǐxì) (Northeastern Mandarin)
做人家 (Wu)
儉／俭 (jiǎn) (Hsinchu & Taichung Hokkien)
儉樸／俭朴 (jiǎnpǔ) (thrifty and simple)
儉省／俭省 (jiǎnshěng)
儉約／俭约 (jiǎnyuē) (literary)
刻苦 (kèkǔ)
抾拾 (Hokkien)
樸素／朴素 (pǔsù)
省儉／省俭 (shěngjiǎn)
節儉／节俭 (jiéjiǎn)
節省／节省 (jiéshěng)
節約／节约 (jiéyuē)
簡省／简省 (Hokkien)
粒積／粒积 (Hokkien)
𧺤儉／𧺤俭 (Hokkien)

Noun

克己

self-control; self-restraint

Synonyms

涵養／涵养 (hányǎng)
自制 (zìzhì)
自制力 (zìzhìlì)
自我克制 (zìwǒ kèzhì)
自我控制 (zìwǒ kòngzhì)
自控力 (zìkònglì)

Derived terms

克己主義／克己主义 (kèjǐ zhǔyì)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
克	己
こく > こっ Grade: S	き Grade: 6
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) こっき [kóꜜkkì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ko̞k̚ʲkʲi]

Noun

克(こっ)己(き) • (kokki) ^{←こくき (kokuki)^?}

control of one's desires; self-restraint

Verb

克(こっ)己(き)する • (kokki suru) ^{←こくき (kokuki)^?}suru (stem 克(こっ)己(き)し (kokki shi), past 克(こっ)己(き)した (kokki shita))

to control one's desires; to practice self-restraint

Conjugation

Conjugation of "克己する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	克己し	こっきし	kokki shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	克己し	こっきし	kokki shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	克己する	こっきする	kokki suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	克己する	こっきする	kokki suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	克己すれ	こっきすれ	kokki sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	克己せよ¹ 克己しろ²	こっきせよ¹ こっきしろ²	kokki seyo¹ kokki shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	克己される	こっきされる	kokki sareru
Causative	克己させる克己さす	こっきさせるこっきさす	kokki saseru kokki sasu
Potential	克己できる	こっきできる	kokki dekiru
Volitional	克己しよう	こっきしよう	kokki shiyō
Negative	克己しない	こっきしない	kokki shinai
Negative continuative	克己せず	こっきせず	kokki sezu
Formal	克己します	こっきします	kokki shimasu
Perfective	克己した	こっきした	kokki shita
Conjunctive	克己して	こっきして	kokki shite
Hypothetical conditional	克己すれば	こっきすれば	kokki sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
克	己
かつ Grade: S	み Grade: 6

Proper noun

克(かつ)己(み) • (Katsumi)

a male given name

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
克	己

Noun

克己 • (geukgi) (hangeul 극기)

hanja form^? of 극기 (“self-control, self-restraint”)

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