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m remove Proto-Nguni from etymologies in which Proto-Bantu is mentioned ([[WT:RFDO#Category:Proto-Nguni language]])
 
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===Etymology===
===Etymology===
From {{m|bjn|sa}}, shortened form of {{m|bjn|asa}}, from {{inh|bjn|poz-mly-pro|*əsa}}, from {{inh|bjn|poz-mcm-pro|*əsa}}, from {{inh|bjn|poz-msa-pro|*əsa}}, from {{inh|bjn|poz-sus-pro|*əsa}}, from {{inh|bjn|poz-pro|*əsa}}, from {{inh|bjn|map-pro|*əsa}}.
From {{m|bjn|sa}}, shortened form of {{m|bjn|asa}}, from {{inh|bjn|poz-mly-pro|*əsa}}, from {{inh|bjn|poz-mcm-pro|*əsa}}, from {{inh|bjn|poz-msa-pro|*əsa}}, from {{inh|bjn|poz-pro|*əsa}}, from {{inh|bjn|map-pro|*əsa}}.


===Prefix===
===Prefix===
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# [[one]]
# [[one]]

----


==Choctaw==
==Choctaw==
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{{head|cho|prefix|before a/o|si-|class II first-person singular}}
{{head|cho|prefix|before a/o|si-|class II first-person singular}}


# {{non-gloss definition|the [[direct object]] of an active transitive verb}}
# {{non-gloss|the [[direct object]] of an active transitive verb}}
#: me
#: me
# {{non-gloss definition|the [[subject]] of a [[stative]] intransitive verb}}
# {{non-gloss|the [[subject]] of a [[stative]] intransitive verb}}
#: I
#: I
# {{non-gloss definition|indicates possession of a noun}}
# {{non-gloss|indicates possession of a noun}}
#: my
#: my


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====Inflection====
====Inflection====
{{cho-person marker}}
{{cho-person marker}}

----


==Latvian==
==Latvian==
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====Derived terms====
====Derived terms====
{{prefixsee|lv}}
{{prefixsee|lv}}

----


==Malay==
==Malay==
{{cardinalbox|ms|0|1|2|kosong|dua}}

⚫
===Alternative forms===
* {{alter|ms|esa|ĕsă|[[se]]([[se-|-]])|[[sĕ]]([[sĕ-|-]])|[[să]]([[să-|-]])}}
* {{alter|ms|اسا|س|س-||Arabic script}}

⚫
===Etymology===
From {{m|ms|sa}}, shortened form of {{m|ms|esa}}, from {{inh|ms|poz-mly-pro|*əsa}}, from {{inh|ms|poz-mcm-pro|*əsa}}, from {{inh|ms|poz-msa-pro|*əsa}}, from {{inh|ms|poz-sus-pro|*əsa}}, from {{inh|ms|poz-pro|*əsa}}, from {{inh|ms|map-pro|*əsa}}.

⚫
===Pronunciation===
⚫
* {{IPA|ms|/sə/}}


===Prefix===
===Prefix===
{{head|ms|prefix}}
{{head|ms|prefix}}


# {{lb|ms|pre-1972}} {{sup sp|ms|se-}}
# {{lb|ms|pre-1972}} {{obsolete spelling of|ms|se-}}

----


==Minangkabau==
==Minangkabau==
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===Etymology===
===Etymology===
From {{m|min|sa}}, from {{inh|min|poz-mly-pro|*əsa}}, from {{inh|min|poz-mcm-pro|*əsa}}, from {{inh|min|poz-msa-pro|*əsa}}, from {{inh|min|poz-sus-pro|*əsa}}, from {{inh|min|poz-pro|*əsa}}, from {{inh|min|map-pro|*əsa}}.
From {{m|min|sa}}, from {{inh|min|poz-mly-pro|*əsa}}, from {{inh|min|poz-mcm-pro|*əsa}}, from {{inh|min|poz-msa-pro|*əsa}}, from {{inh|min|poz-pro|*əsa}}, from {{inh|min|map-pro|*əsa}}.


===Prefix===
===Prefix===
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* {{l|min|ciek}}
* {{l|min|ciek}}


==Mohawk==
----

===Prefix===
{{moh-prefix|patient}}

# {{ng|pronominal prefix for}}
#: '''you''' ______ {{q|patient}}

⚫
====Alternative forms====
{{moh-prefix-forms}}

===Prefix===
{{moh-prefix|possesive}}

# {{ng|[[second person]] [[singular]] [[possessive]] prefix}}
#: '''your''' ______

===References===
* {{R:moh:Deering:1976|page=198}}


==Northern Ndebele==
==Northern Ndebele==
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# [[of]]; {{n-g|class 7 possessive concord.}}
# [[of]]; {{n-g|class 7 possessive concord.}}


==Old Javanese==
----

⚫
===Etymology===
{{inh+|kaw|poz-pro|*əsa}}, from {{inh|kaw|map-pro|*əsa}}.

⚫
===Pronunciation===
⚫
* {{IPA|kaw|/sa/}}

===Prefix===
{{head|kaw|prefix}}

# {{cln|kaw|cardinal numbers}} {{l|en|one}}

====Derived terms====
{{prefixsee|kaw}}

===Further reading===
* {{R:Zoetmulder 1982}}


==Southern Ndebele==
==Southern Ndebele==
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# [[of]]; {{n-g|class 7 possessive concord.}}
# [[of]]; {{n-g|class 7 possessive concord.}}

----


==Swazi==
==Swazi==
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# [[of]]; {{n-g|class 7 possessive concord.}}
# [[of]]; {{n-g|class 7 possessive concord.}}


==Tagalog==
----

===Etymology===
[[prefix|Prefix]] form of {{m|tl|sa}}.

===Prefix===
{{tl-head|prefix|b=+}}

# {{n-g|forms terms to denote a [[method]] or [[means]] to a [[purpose]]}}
#: {{prefixusex|tl|puso|sapuso|gloss1=heart|gloss2=act of having put to heart}}
#: {{prefixusex|tl|ilalim|sailalim|gloss1=below|gloss2=act of undergoing}}
#: {{prefixusex|tl|malamig|samalamig|gloss1=cold|gloss2=cold beverage}}
#: {{prefixusex|tl|inyo|sainyo|gloss1=yours|gloss2=act of signing off or used to close a letter; [[yours truly]]}}
#: {{prefixusex|tl|makatuwid|samakatwid|gloss1=to be able to straighten|gloss2=therefore}}
#: {{prefixusex|tl|makalawa|samakalawa|gloss1=twice|gloss2=day after tomorrow}}
#: {{prefixusex|tl|una|sauna|gloss1=first|gloss2=of the old generation}}
# {{lb|tl|{{m|tl|may}}—}} {{n-g|forms terms denoting possession of quality or characteristic}}
#: {{prefixusex|tl|pusa|may sa-pusa|gloss1=cat|gloss2=resembling a cat}}
#: {{prefixusex|tl|pagong|may sa-pagong|gloss1=turtle|gloss2=resembling a turtle}}

====Derived terms====
{{prefixsee|tl}}
{{der3|tl|-sa-|isa-|nagsa-|magsa-|pagsa-|pagsasa-|pasa-|napasa-|mapasa-|sa- -an|suma-|sina-}}

===Prefix===
{{tl-head|prefix|sá-|b=+}}

# {{lb|tl|with reduplicated root, CVr-}} {{n-g|forms terms to denote suddenness of the action}}: [[suddenly]]; [[unexpectedly]]; [[without]] [[notice]]
#: {{prefixusex|tl|basa|sababasa|gloss1=read|gloss2=suddenly read}}
#: {{ux|tl|Nahihimbing ako'y '''sababasa''' siya nang malakas na aking ikinagising.|I was sleeping then they '''suddenly read aloud''' that I woke up from.}}

====Derived terms====
{{prefixsee|tl}}


==Xhosa==
==Xhosa==
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=====Usage notes=====
=====Usage notes=====
The prefix is attached to the verb stem, before any object concord but after the subject concord, and replaces the {{m|xh|-ya-}} infix of the present tense. With nonverbs (adverbs, adjectives copulative nouns etc.) the variant {{m|xh|se-}} is used.
The prefix is attached to the verb stem, before any object concord but after the subject concord, and replaces the {{m|xh|-ya-}} infix of the present tense. With nonverbs (adverbs, adjectives copulative nouns etc.) the variant {{m|xh|se-}} is used.

----


==Zulu==
==Zulu==


===Etymology 1===
===Etymology 1===
From {{inh|zu|bnt-pro|*kíá-}}.
From {{inh|zu|bnt-pro|*kɪ́á-}}.


====Prefix====
====Prefix====

Latest revision as of 07:51, 5 October 2024

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sa"

Banjarese

[edit]
Banjarese cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : sa-

Etymology

[edit]

From sa, shortened form of asa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

Prefix

[edit]

sa-

  1. one

Choctaw

[edit]

Alternative forms

[edit]
  • sʋ (traditional)

Prefix

[edit]

sa- (before a/o si-, class II first-person singular)

  1. the direct object of an active transitive verb
    me
  2. the subject of a stative intransitive verb
    I
  3. indicates possession of a noun
    my

Usage notes

[edit]

Class II person markers are used for possession only for a small set of words, mostly including kinship terms and body parts.

Inflection

[edit]
Choctaw Person Markers
class I class II class III class N imperative
+s +C +V +C/i +a/o +C +V +C +V +C +V
first-person singular initial -li sa- si- a̱- am- ak- n/a
medial -sa- -sam-
paucal ī- il- pi- pi̱- pim- kī- kil-
plural hapi- hapi̱- hapim-
second-person singular is- ish- chi- chi̱- chim- chik- ∅
plural has- hash- hachi- hachi̱- hachim- hachik- ho- oh-
third-person ∅ ∅ i̱- im- ik-

Latvian

[edit]

Prefix

[edit]

sa-

  1. Usually found on verbs or nouns, originally a generic meaning of 'togetherness', now sometimes only a marker of perfective aspect (compare Russian с- (s-), со- (so-)).

Derived terms

[edit]
Latvian terms prefixed with sa-

Malay

[edit]

Prefix

[edit]

sa-

  1. (1924-1972) Obsolete spelling of se-.

Minangkabau

[edit]
Minangkabau cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : sa-

Etymology

[edit]

From sa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

Prefix

[edit]

sa-

  1. one

Synonyms

[edit]

Mohawk

[edit]

Prefix

[edit]

sa-

  1. pronominal prefix for
    you ______ (patient)

Alternative forms

[edit]
- Initial consonant
Environment t/s/h/k n/r/w/’ a e/en o/on i y
Word-Initial sa- sa- s- s- s- sen- sa-

Prefix

[edit]

sa-

  1. second person singular possessive prefix
    your ______

References

[edit]
  • Nora Deering, Helga H. Delisle (1976) Mohawk: A teaching grammar (preliminary version), Quebec: Manitou College, page 198

Northern Ndebele

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Bantu *kíá-.

Prefix

[edit]

sa-

  1. of; class 7 possessive concord.

Old Javanese

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Prefix

[edit]

sa-

  1. one

Derived terms

[edit]
Old Javanese terms prefixed with sa-

Further reading

[edit]
  • "sa-" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Southern Ndebele

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Bantu *kíá-.

Prefix

[edit]

sa-

  1. of; class 7 possessive concord.

Swazi

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Bantu *kíá-.

Prefix

[edit]

sa-

  1. of; class 7 possessive concord.

Tagalog

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Prefix form of sa.

Prefix

[edit]

sa- (Baybayin spelling ᜐ)

  1. forms terms to denote a method or means to a purpose
    ‎sa- + ‎puso (“heart”) → ‎sapuso (“act of having put to heart”)
    ‎sa- + ‎ilalim (“below”) → ‎sailalim (“act of undergoing”)
    ‎sa- + ‎malamig (“cold”) → ‎samalamig (“cold beverage”)
    ‎sa- + ‎inyo (“yours”) → ‎sainyo (“act of signing off or used to close a letter; yours truly”)
    ‎sa- + ‎makatuwid (“to be able to straighten”) → ‎samakatwid (“therefore”)
    ‎sa- + ‎makalawa (“twice”) → ‎samakalawa (“day after tomorrow”)
    ‎sa- + ‎una (“first”) → ‎sauna (“of the old generation”)
  2. (may—) forms terms denoting possession of quality or characteristic
    ‎sa- + ‎pusa (“cat”) → ‎may sa-pusa (“resembling a cat”)
    ‎sa- + ‎pagong (“turtle”) → ‎may sa-pagong (“resembling a turtle”)

Derived terms

[edit]
Tagalog terms prefixed with sa-

Prefix

[edit]

sá- (Baybayin spelling ᜐ)

  1. (with reduplicated root, CVr-) forms terms to denote suddenness of the action: suddenly; unexpectedly; without notice
    ‎sa- + ‎basa (“read”) → ‎sababasa (“suddenly read”)
    Nahihimbing ako'y sababasa siya nang malakas na aking ikinagising.
    I was sleeping then they suddenly read aloud that I woke up from.

Derived terms

[edit]
Tagalog terms prefixed with sa-

Xhosa

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Proto-Bantu *kíá-.

Prefix

[edit]

sa-

  1. of; class 7 possessive concord.

Etymology 2

[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

[edit]

sa-

  1. (with a positive verb) still
  2. (with a negative verb) no longer
Usage notes
[edit]

The prefix is attached to the verb stem, before any object concord but after the subject concord, and replaces the -ya- infix of the present tense. With nonverbs (adverbs, adjectives copulative nouns etc.) the variant se- is used.

Zulu

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Proto-Bantu *kɪ́á-.

Prefix

[edit]

sa-

  1. of; class 7 possessive concord.

Etymology 2

[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

[edit]

sá-

  1. (with a positive verb) still
  2. (with a negative verb) no longer
Usage notes
[edit]

The prefix is attached to the verb stem, before any object concord but after the subject concord, and replaces the -ya- infix of the present tense. With nonverbs (adverbs, adjectives copulative nouns etc.) the variant se- is used.

Etymology 3

[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Prefix

[edit]

sa-

  1. like

References

[edit]
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