mugir
Catalan
Etymology
Probably borrowed from Latin mūgīre, present active infinitive of mūgiō; first attested circa 1400[1].
Pronunciation
Verb
mugir (first-person singular present mugeixo, first-person singular preterite mugí, past participle mugit)
Conjugation
Synonyms
Derived terms
References
- ^ “mugir”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
Further reading
- “mugir” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “mugir” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “mugir” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
French
Etymology
Alteration of the inherited Old French muir, muire, based on the original etymology, Latin mūgīre, present active infinitive of mūgiō
Pronunciation
Verb
mugir
- to moo
- Entends mugir les vaches. ― Listen to the cows mooing.
- to roar
- 1792, Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle (lyrics and music), “La Marseillaise”:
- Entendez-vous dans les campagnes / Mugir ces féroces soldats ?
- Do you hear, in the countryside / The roar of those ferocious soldiers?
Conjugation
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
infinitive | simple | mugir | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | mugissant /my.ʒi.sɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | mugi /my.ʒi/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | mugis /my.ʒi/ |
mugis /my.ʒi/ |
mugit /my.ʒi/ |
mugissons /my.ʒi.sɔ̃/ |
mugissez /my.ʒi.se/ |
mugissent /my.ʒis/ |
imperfect | mugissais /my.ʒi.sɛ/ |
mugissais /my.ʒi.sɛ/ |
mugissait /my.ʒi.sɛ/ |
mugissions /my.ʒi.sjɔ̃/ |
mugissiez /my.ʒi.sje/ |
mugissaient /my.ʒi.sɛ/ | |
past historic2 | mugis /my.ʒi/ |
mugis /my.ʒi/ |
mugit /my.ʒi/ |
mugîmes /my.ʒim/ |
mugîtes /my.ʒit/ |
mugirent /my.ʒiʁ/ | |
future | mugirai /my.ʒi.ʁe/ |
mugiras /my.ʒi.ʁa/ |
mugira /my.ʒi.ʁa/ |
mugirons /my.ʒi.ʁɔ̃/ |
mugirez /my.ʒi.ʁe/ |
mugiront /my.ʒi.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | mugirais /my.ʒi.ʁɛ/ |
mugirais /my.ʒi.ʁɛ/ |
mugirait /my.ʒi.ʁɛ/ |
mugirions /my.ʒi.ʁjɔ̃/ |
mugiriez /my.ʒi.ʁje/ |
mugiraient /my.ʒi.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | mugisse /my.ʒis/ |
mugisses /my.ʒis/ |
mugisse /my.ʒis/ |
mugissions /my.ʒi.sjɔ̃/ |
mugissiez /my.ʒi.sje/ |
mugissent /my.ʒis/ |
imperfect2 | mugisse /my.ʒis/ |
mugisses /my.ʒis/ |
mugît /my.ʒi/ |
mugissions /my.ʒi.sjɔ̃/ |
mugissiez /my.ʒi.sje/ |
mugissent /my.ʒis/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | mugis /my.ʒi/ |
— | mugissons /my.ʒi.sɔ̃/ |
mugissez /my.ʒi.se/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Synonyms
Further reading
- “mugir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Portuguese
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese mogir, mugir, from Latin mūgīre (“to moo”), from Proto-Indo-European *mug-, *mūg-.
Pronunciation
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- Hyphenation: mu‧gir
Verb
mugir (first-person singular present mujo, first-person singular preterite mugi, past participle mugido)
- to moo (to make a lowing sound)
Conjugation
Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | mugir | |||||
Personal | mugir | mugires | mugir | mugirmos | mugirdes | mugirem |
Gerund | ||||||
mugindo | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | mugido | mugidos | ||||
Feminine | mugida | mugidas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | mujo | muges | muge | mugimos | mugis | mugem |
Imperfect | mugia | mugias | mugia | mugíamos | mugíeis | mugiam |
Preterite | mugi | mugiste | mugiu | mugimos | mugistes | mugiram |
Pluperfect | mugira | mugiras | mugira | mugíramos | mugíreis | mugiram |
Future | mugirei | mugirás | mugirá | mugiremos | mugireis | mugirão |
Conditional | mugiria | mugirias | mugiria | mugiríamos | mugiríeis | mugiriam |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | muja | mujas | muja | mujamos | mujais | mujam |
Imperfect | mugisse | mugisses | mugisse | mugíssemos | mugísseis | mugissem |
Future | mugir | mugires | mugir | mugirmos | mugirdes | mugirem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | muge | muja | mujamos | mugi | mujam | |
Negative (não) | não mujas | não muja | não mujamos | não mujais | não mujam |
Related terms
Spanish
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin mūgīre[1].
Pronunciation
Verb
mugir (first-person singular present mujo, first-person singular preterite mugí, past participle mugido)
- (intransitive) to moo
Conjugation
infinitive | mugir | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | mugiendo | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | mugido | mugida | |||||
plural | mugidos | mugidas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | mujo | mugestú mugísvos |
muge | mugimos | mugís | mugen | |
imperfect | mugía | mugías | mugía | mugíamos | mugíais | mugían | |
preterite | mugí | mugiste | mugió | mugimos | mugisteis | mugieron | |
future | mugiré | mugirás | mugirá | mugiremos | mugiréis | mugirán | |
conditional | mugiría | mugirías | mugiría | mugiríamos | mugiríais | mugirían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | muja | mujastú mujásvos2 |
muja | mujamos | mujáis | mujan | |
imperfect (ra) |
mugiera | mugieras | mugiera | mugiéramos | mugierais | mugieran | |
imperfect (se) |
mugiese | mugieses | mugiese | mugiésemos | mugieseis | mugiesen | |
future1 | mugiere | mugieres | mugiere | mugiéremos | mugiereis | mugieren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | mugetú mugívos |
muja | mujamos | mugid | mujan | ||
negative | no mujas | no muja | no mujamos | no mujáis | no mujan |
Related terms
References
- ^ Joan Coromines, José A[ntonio] Pascual (1983–1991) “mugir”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critic Castilian and Hispanic Etymological Dictionary] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
Further reading
- “mugir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28
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- Portuguese 2-syllable words
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- pt:Animal sounds
- Spanish terms borrowed from Latin
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- Spanish 2-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/iɾ
- Rhymes:Spanish/iɾ/2 syllables
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish verbs
- Spanish verbs ending in -ir
- Spanish verbs with g-j alternation
- Spanish intransitive verbs
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