-ettem: difference between revisions

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m move t1 to pos1 in {{hu-suffix}}; move t2 to pos2 in {{hu-suffix}}; convert {{hu-suffix}} to {{affix}}
 
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{{also|ettem}}
==Hungarian==
==Hungarian==

⚫
===Etymology===
⚫
{{affix|hu|-ett|-em|pos1=past tense suffix|pos2=first-person singular suffix|nocat=y}}


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
* {{hu-IPA}}
* {{hu-IPA}}


===Suffix===
===Etymology 1===
⚫
From {{affix|hu|-ett|-em|pos1=past-tense suffix|pos2=first-person singular suffix|nocat=y}}.

====Suffix====
{{head|hu|suffix}}
{{head|hu|suffix}}


# {{lb|hu|past tense suffix}} Used to form the first-person singular past tense of verbs (indefinite and definite conjugations).
# {{lb|hu|past-tense suffix}} {{ng|Forms the first-person singular past tense of verbs (indefinite and definite conjugation).}}
#: {{m|hu|fest||to paint}} → {{m|hu|festettem|fest'''ettem'''|I painted}}
#: {{m|hu|fest|t=to paint}} → {{uxi|hu|Fehérre fest'''ettem''' a falakat.|'''I painted''' the walls white.}}
#: {{m|hu|segít||to help}} → {{m|hu|segítettem|segít'''ettem'''|I helped}}
#: {{m|hu|segít|t=to help}} → {{uxi|hu|Segít'''ettem''' a nagymamámnak főzni.|'''I helped''' my grandmother cook.}}
#: {{m|hu|megért|t=to understand}} → {{uxi|hu|Megért'''ettem''' a feladatot.|'''I understood''' the task.}}


====Usage notes====
=====Usage notes=====
{{U:hu:conj-tam}}
{{U:hu:conj-tam}}

⚫
===Etymology 2===
From {{affix|hu|-et|-t|-em|pos1=causative suffix|pos2=past-tense suffix|pos3=first-person singular suffix|nocat=y}}.

====Suffix====
{{head|hu|suffix}}

# {{lb|hu|past-tense causative suffix}} {{ng|Forms the first-person singular causative past tense of verbs (indefinite and definite conjugations), used with {{hu-case|val|nocat=y}}, e.g. {{m|hu|vele}}, {{m|hu|velük}} etc., otherwise coinciding with the above forms.}}
#: {{afex|hu|fest|t1=to paint|fest'''ettem'''|t2=I had him/her/them paint it}}
#: {{m|hu|megért|t=to understand}} → {{uxi|hu|Megért'''ettem vel'''ük, hogy számomra ez a helyes döntés.|'''I''' '''made them''' understand that this was the right decision for me.}}

=====Usage notes=====
{{U:hu:front-verb-past-causative-homonymy}}


===See also===
===See also===
* [[:Category:Hungarian verb forms]]
* [[:Category:Hungarian verb forms]]
* [[Appendix:Hungarian suffixes]]
* [[Appendix:Hungarian suffixes]]

{{cln|hu|terms with multiple lemma etymologies|terms with multiple morpheme etymologies}}

Latest revision as of 07:49, 5 October 2024

See also: ettem

Hungarian

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

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From -ett (past-tense suffix) +‎ -em (first-person singular suffix).

Suffix

[edit]

-ettem

  1. (past-tense suffix) Forms the first-person singular past tense of verbs (indefinite and definite conjugation).
    fest (“to paint”) → Fehérre festettem a falakat. ― I painted the walls white.
    segít (“to help”) → Segítettem a nagymamámnak főzni. ― I helped my grandmother cook.
    megért (“to understand”) → Megértettem a feladatot. ― I understood the task.
Usage notes
[edit]
  • (past-tense suffix) Variants:
    -tam is added to most back-vowel verbs
    -tem is added to most front-vowel verbs
    -ttam is added to back-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (hí, fú, ó, ró, rí, szí)
    -ttem is added to front-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (fő, jő, lő, nő, nyű, sző)
    -ottam is added to back-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (fut, hat, jut, nyit, except lát)
    -ettem is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (vet)
    -öttem is added to rounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (köt, süt, üt)

Etymology 2

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From -et (causative suffix) +‎ -t (past-tense suffix) +‎ -em (first-person singular suffix).

Suffix

[edit]

-ettem

  1. (past-tense causative suffix) Forms the first-person singular causative past tense of verbs (indefinite and definite conjugations), used with -val/-vel, e.g. vele, velük etc., otherwise coinciding with the above forms.
    ‎fest (“to paint”) + ‎-ettem → ‎festettem (“I had him/her/them paint it”)
    megért (“to understand”) → Megértettem velük, hogy számomra ez a helyes döntés. ― I made them understand that this was the right decision for me.
Usage notes
[edit]

Homonymy exists between regular and causative past tense forms of consonant + t types of front-vowel verbs, in all the six persons, both with definite and indefinite endings, except for the third-person singular indefinite form (-ettem, -ettél, –, -ettünk, -ettetek, -ettek; -ettem, -etted, -ette, -ettük, -ettétek, -ették; -ettelek). On the other hand, other types of front-vowel verbs as well as back-vowel verbs take different forms for the regular and the causative past tense (e.g. -ottam and -attam, e.g. ugrottam and ugrattam among similar back-vowel verbs, other front-vowel verb types having clearly distinct forms: kértem vs. kérettem, kerestem vs. kerestettem). However, the -val/-vel argument is compulsory with the causative sense, so it makes the distinction easier (e.g. megértettem velük a különbséget – “I made them understand the difference”).

See also

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