-tam
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See also: Appendix:Variations of "tam"
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From -t (past-tense suffix) + -am (first-person singular suffix).
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-tam
- (past-tense suffix) Forms the first-person singular past tense of verbs (indefinite and definite conjugation).
Usage notes
[edit] Past tense indefinite/definite - personal endings
| Person | Indefinite | Definite | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Back vowel | Front vowel | Back vowel | Front vowel | ||||
| unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | ||||
| én | 1st person singular Class A & D verbs |
-tam | -tem | -tam | -tem | ||
| Class B verbs | -ttam | -ttem | -ttam | -ttem | |||
| Class C verbs | -ottam | -ettem | -öttem | -ottam | -ettem | -öttem | |
| te | 2nd person singular Class A & D verbs |
-tál | -tél | -tad | -ted | ||
| Class B verbs | -ttál | -ttél | -ttad | -tted | |||
| Class C verbs | -ottál | -ettél | -öttél | -ottad | -etted | -ötted | |
| ő maga ön |
3rd person singular Class A verbs |
-t | -ta | -te | |||
| Class B verbs | -tt | -tt | -tta | -tte | |||
| Class C verbs | -ott | -ett | -ött | -otta | -ette | -ötte | |
| mi | 1st person plural Class A & D verbs |
-tunk | -tünk | -tuk | -tük | ||
| Class B verbs | -ttunk | -ttünk | -ttuk | -ttük | |||
| Class C verbs | -ottunk | -ettünk | -öttünk | -ottuk | -ettük | -öttük | |
| ti | 2nd person plural Class A & D verbs |
-tatok | -tetek | -tátok | -tétek | ||
| Class B verbs | -ttatok | -ttetek | -ttátok | -ttétek | |||
| Class C verbs | -ottatok | -ettetek | -öttetek | -ottátok | -ettétek | -öttétek | |
| ők maguk önök |
3rd person plural Class A & D verbs |
-tak | -tek | -ták | -ték | ||
| Class B verbs | -ttak | -ttek | -tták | -tték | |||
| Class C verbs | -ottak | -ettek | -öttek | -ották | -ették | -ötték | |
| én | 1st person singular subject with 2nd-person object Class A & D verbs |
× | -talak | -telek | |||
| Class B verbs | -ttalak | -ttelek | |||||
| Class C verbs | -ottalak | -ettelek | -öttelek | ||||
| Class A: | Use -t | 1. after a single j, l, ly, n, ny, r (fáj, szel, fon, huny, sír) 2. in many bisyllabic verbs ending in -ad/-ed (akad, ered) | |||||
| Class B: | Use -tt | hí, fú, nyí, ó, ró, rí, sí, szí, jő, sző, nő, fő, lő, nyű | |||||
| Class C: | Use -ott/-ett/-ött | 1. after two consonants (sóhajt, szerkeszt, köszönt) 2. after a long vowel + t (javít, terít) 3. fut, hat, jut, nyit, vet, köt, süt, üt | |||||
| Class D: | Use -ott/-ett/-ött in 3rd-person singular indefinite. Use -t for all other persons. |
All verbs not in Class A, B, C (olvas, keres, küld) | |||||
- (past-tense suffix) Variants:
- -tam is added to most back-vowel verbs
- -tem is added to most front-vowel verbs
- -ttam is added to back-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (hí, fú, ó, ró, rí, szí)
- -ttem is added to front-vowel verbs ending in a vowel (fő, jő, lő, nő, nyű, sző)
- -ottam is added to back-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (fut, hat, jut, nyit, except lát)
- -ettem is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (vet)
- -öttem is added to rounded front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or a long vowel + t, or to monosyllables ending in -t (köt, süt, üt)
See also
[edit]Latin
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-tam