酸: difference between revisions

	Old Chinese
唆	*sloːl
梭	*sloːl
葰	sloːlʔ, sroːlʔ, *slul
誜	*sroːls
朘	*ʔslon
捘	ʔsluːls, ʔsluːns, *sʰlun
荾	*slul
酸	*sloːn
狻	*sloːn
痠	*sloːn
鋑	*ʔslon
脧	*ʔsluːl
悛	*sʰlon
吮	zlonʔ, ɦljunʔ
萒	ɡronʔ, lonʔ
沇	*lonʔ
抁	*lonʔ
馻	lonʔ, lunʔ
兖	*lonʔ
渷	*lonʔ
兗	*lonʔ
焌	ʔsluːns, ʔsluns, *sʰlud
允	*lunʔ
狁	*lunʔ
玧	*lunʔ
俊	*ʔsluns
晙	ʔsluns, sluns
餕	*ʔsluns
畯	*ʔsluns
駿	*ʔsluns
竣	*sʰlun
皴	*sʰlun
逡	*sʰlun
踆	*sʰlun
夋	*sʰlun
埈	*sluns
陖	*sluns
鵕	*sluns
浚	*sluns
峻	*sluns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sloːn) : semantic 酉 + phonetic 夋 (OC *sʰlun).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *suːr ~ *swaːr (“sour; be acid”) (STEDT). Cognate with Mizo thûr (“acid; sour”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): suān (suan¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄢ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): suan¹
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): syun¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): lhon¹ / lhon^1*
Gan (Wiktionary): son¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sôn

(Meixian, Guangdong): son¹
Jin (Wiktionary): suan¹
Eastern Min (BUC): sŏng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sng / suiⁿ / soan

(Teochew, Peng'im): seng¹
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ¹soe / ¹suon
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sonn¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: suān
  - Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: suan
  - Wade–Giles: suan¹
  - Yale: swān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suan
  - Palladius: суань (suanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /su̯än⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: suan¹
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: suan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /suan⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: syun¹
  - Yale: syūn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: syn¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: xun¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /syːn⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: lhon¹ / lhon^1*
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬᵘɔn³³/, /ɬᵘɔn³³⁻³³⁵/

Note: lhon1* - “vinegar”.

Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: son¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɵn⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sôn
  - Hakka Romanization System: son^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: son¹
  - Sinological IPA: /son²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: son¹
  - Sinological IPA: /sɔn⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: suan¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /suæ̃¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sŏng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /souŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sng
  - Tâi-lô: sng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sngf
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /sŋ̍³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Kinmen, Singapore): /sŋ̍⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Yilan, Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: suiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: suinn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: svuy
  - IPA (Zhangzhou, Yilan): /suĩ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Penang): /suĩ³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soan
  - Tâi-lô: suan
  - Phofsit Daibuun: soafn
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /suan⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /suan³³/

Note:

sng/suiⁿ - vernacular;
soan - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: seng¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sṳng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɯŋ³³/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ¹soe
  - MiniDict: soe^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹soe
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sø⁵³/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /sø⁴⁴/
- (Northern: Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu: ¹suon
  - MiniDict: suon^平
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /szʷõ³³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: sonn¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sõ³³/

Middle Chinese: swan

Rime
Character	酸
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	素官切
Baxter	swan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/suɑn/
Pan Wuyun	/sʷɑn/
Shao Rongfen	/suɑn/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/swan/
Li Rong	/suɑn/
Wang Li	/suɑn/
Bernard Karlgren	/suɑn/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	suān
Expected Cantonese Reflex	syun¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ˤor/

(Zhengzhang): /*sloːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	酸
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	suān
Middle Chinese	‹ swan ›
Old Chinese	/*[s]ˁor/
English	sour
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	酸
Reading #	1/1
No.	16434
Phonetic component	允
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	酸
Old Chinese	/*sloːn/

Definitions

酸

sour; tart
酸葡萄 ― suānpútáo ― sour grapes
- Tang Dynasty, Fan Chuo, Manshu, chapter 7, part 7
  甘橘，大厘城有之，其味酸。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  Gānjú, Dàlí chéng yǒu zhī, qí wèi suān. [Pinyin]
  Dali City has sweet tangerines, but their flavour is sour.
(chemistry) acid [from late 19th c.]
鹽酸／盐酸 ― yánsuān ― hydrochloric acid

Antonym: 鹼／碱 (jiǎn)
(Siyi Yue, Fuqing Eastern Min) vinegar
sick at heart; grieved; sad
Alternative form of 痠 (suān, “aching; sore; stiff”)
stingy; miserly
narrow-minded; pedantic
spoiled; rancid
to satirize; to ridicule
(Internet slang) jealous; envious [from 2019]
See also: 吃不到的葡萄是酸的, sour grapes

See also: 醋, 吃醋

alt. forms: 🍋
a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 酸 (“sour”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		酸
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	酸
	Taiwan	酸
	Chengde	酸
	Chifeng	酸
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	酸
	Heihe	酸
	Qiqihar	酸
	Harbin	酸
	Jiamusi	酸
	Baicheng	酸
	Changchun	酸
	Tonghua	酸
	Shenyang	酸
	Jinzhou	酸
	Singapore	酸
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	酸
	Tangshan	酸
	Cangzhou	酸
	Baoding	酸
	Shijiazhuang	酸
	Lijin	酸
	Jinan	酸
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Dalian	酸
	Dandong	酸
	Yantai	酸
	Yantai (Muping)	酸
	Qingdao	酸
	Zhucheng	酸
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	酸
	Lingbao	酸
	Jining	酸
	Wanrong	酸
	Linfen	酸
	Shangqiu	酸
	Yuanyang	酸
	Zhengzhou	酸
	Xinyang	酸
	Baihe	酸
	Xi'an	酸
	Baoji	酸
	Tianshui	酸
	Xining	酸
	Xuzhou	酸
	Fuyang	酸
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	酸
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	酸
	Lanzhou	酸
	Dunhuang	酸
	Hami	酸
	Ürümqi	酸
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	酸
	Nanchong	酸
	Dazhou	酸
	Hanyuan	酸
	Xichang	酸
	Zigong	酸
	Chongqing	酸
	Wuhan	酸
	Yichang	酸
	Xiangyang	酸
	Tianmen	酸
	Guiyang	酸
	Zunyi	酸
	Bijie	酸
	Liping	酸
	Zhaotong	酸
	Dali	酸
	Kunming	酸
	Mengzi	酸
	Guilin	酸
	Liuzhou	酸
	Jishou	酸
	Changde	酸
	Hanzhong	酸
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	酸
	Yangzhou	酸
	Lianyungang	酸
	Lianshui	酸
	Nantong	酸
	Anqing	酸
	Wuhu	酸
	Hefei	酸
	Hong'an	酸
Cantonese	Guangzhou	酸
	Hong Kong	酸
	Taishan	酸
	Dongguan	酸
	Singapore (Guangfu)	酸
Gan	Nanchang	酸
	Lichuan	酸
	Pingxiang	酸
Hakka	Meixian	酸
	Yudu	酸
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	酸
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	酸
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	酸
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	酸
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	酸
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	酸
Huizhou	Jixi	酸
Huizhou	Shexian	酸
Jin	Taiyuan	酸
	Yangyuan	酸
	Datong	酸
	Xinzhou	酸
	Lüliang (Lishi)	酸
	Changzhi	酸
	Linhe	酸
	Jining	酸
	Hohhot	酸
	Erenhot	酸
	Pingshan	酸
	Zhangjiakou	酸
	Handan	酸
	Linzhou	酸
	Suide	酸
Northern Min	Jian'ou	酸
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	酸
Southern Min	Xiamen	酸
	Quanzhou	酸
	Zhangzhou	酸
	Tainan	酸
	Penang (Hokkien)	酸
	Singapore (Hokkien)	酸
	Manila (Hokkien)	酸
	Jieyang	酸堯, 酸汧
	Singapore (Teochew)	酸
	Leizhou	酸
	Singapore (Hainanese)	酸
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	酸
Wu	Shanghai	酸
	Shanghai (Chongming)	酸
	Suzhou	酸
	Danyang	酸
	Ningbo	酸
	Wenzhou	酸
	Jinhua	酸
Xiang	Changsha	酸
Xiang	Loudi	酸

Dialectal synonyms of 醋 (“vinegar”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		醋
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	醋, 忌諱
	Taiwan	醋
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	忌諱
	Harbin	醋, 忌諱
	Shenyang	醋, 忌諱
	Singapore	醋
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	醋, 忌諱
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	醋, 忌諱
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Qingdao	忌諱
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	醋
	Wanrong	醋
	Zhengzhou	忌諱
	Xi'an	醋
	Xining	醋
	Xuzhou	醋, 忌諱
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	醋
	Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan)	醋
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	醋
Lanyin Mandarin	Lanzhou	醋
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	醋
	Wuhan	醋
	Guiyang	醋
	Kunming	醋
	Guilin	醋
	Liuzhou	醋, 酸醋
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	醋
	Yangzhou	醋
	Nantong	醋
	Hefei	醋
Cantonese	Guangzhou	醋
	Hong Kong	醋
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	醋
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	醋
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	醋
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	醋
	Macau	醋
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	醋
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	醋
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	醋
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	醋
	Foshan	醋
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	醋
	Foshan (Shunde)	醋
	Foshan (Sanshui)	醋
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	醋
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	醋
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	醋
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	醋
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	醋
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	醋
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	醋
	Taishan	酸, 醋
	Kaiping (Chikan)	酸
	Enping (Niujiang)	酸, 醋
	Heshan (Yayao)	醋
	Dongguan	醋
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	醋
	Shenzhen (Dapeng)	醋
	Qingyuan	醋
	Fogang	醋
	Yingde (Hanguang)	醋
	Yangshan	醋
	Lianshan (Butian)	醋
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	醋
	Shaoguan	醋
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	醋
	Renhua	醋
	Lechang	醋
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	醋
	Sihui	醋
	Guangning	醋
	Deqing	醋
	Huaiji	醋
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	醋
	Yunfu	醋
	Xinxing	醋
	Luoding	醋
	Yunan (Pingtai)	醋
	Yangjiang	醋
	Xinyi	酸醋
	Lianjiang	醋
	Nanning	醋, 七醋, 酸醋
	Wuzhou	醋
	Yulin	醋
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	醋
	Beihai	醋
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	酸醋
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	醋
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	酸醋
	Danzhou	醋
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	醋
	Singapore (Guangfu)	醋
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	醋
Móng Cái	酸醋
Yangon (Taishan)	醋
Gan	Nanchang	醋, 小酒
	Lichuan	醋, 小酒
	Pingxiang	醋, 小酒
Hakka	Meixian	醋, 酸醋, 甜酒
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	醋
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	醋
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	醋
	Zengcheng (Zhengguo)	醋
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	醋
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	醋
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	醋
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	醋
	Wuhua (Changbu)	醋
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	醋, 酸醋
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	醋
	Liannan	醋
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	酸醋
	Jiexi	醋
	Changting	醋
	Ninghua	小酒, 醋
	Yudu	醋, 小酒, 酸酒
	Shicheng	醋
	Shangyou (Shexi)	小酒
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	酸醋, 醋
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	酸醋, 醋
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	酸醋
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	酸醋, 醋
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	酸醋, 醋
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	酸醋, 醋
	Hong Kong	醋
	Luchuan	醋
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	醋
	Sabah (Longchuan)	酸醋
	Senai (Huiyang)	醋
	Singkawang	甜酒
Huizhou	Jixi	醋
	Shexian	醋
	Huangshan (Tunxi)	醋
	Xiuning	醋
	Yixian	醋
	Qimen	醋
	Wuyuan	醋
Jin	Taiyuan	醋
	Pingyao	醋
	Xinzhou	醋
	Hohhot	醋
Northern Min	Jian'ou	醋, 小酒
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	醋
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	醋
	Pucheng (Shibei)	醋
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	醋
Eastern Min	Fuqing	醋, 酸
Southern Min	Xiamen	醋
	Quanzhou	醋
	Kaohsiung	醋
	Penang (Hokkien)	醋
	Singapore (Hokkien)	醋
	Manila (Hokkien)	醋
	Zhangping	酸醋
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	醋, 酸醋
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	醋
	Chaozhou	醋
	Shantou	醋
	Haifeng	醋
	Bangkok (Teochew)	醋
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	醋
	Singapore (Teochew)	醋
	Wenchang	醋
	Haikou	醋
	Singapore (Hainanese)	醋
Puxian Min	Putian	醋
	Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)	醋
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	醋
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	醋
	Xianyou	醋
	Xianyou (Fengting)	醋
	Xianyou (Youyang)	醋
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	醋
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Sanxiang)	醋
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	醋, 酸醋
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	醋
Wu	Shanghai	醋, 米醋
	Shanghai (Chongming)	酸醋
	Suzhou	醋, 酸醋
	Wuxi	醋, 酸醋
	Danyang	醋, 酸醋
	Hangzhou	醋, 米醋
	Ningbo	米醋
	Wenzhou	醋
	Jinhua	醋, 米醋
Xiang	Changsha	醋, 小酒
	Loudi	小酒
	Shuangfeng	醋, 小酒
	Quanzhou	醋

Compounds

一元酸 (yīyuánsuān)
丁酸 (dīngsuān)
丙酸 (bǐngsuān)
乙酸 (yǐsuān)
乙酸 (yǐsuān)
乳酸 (rǔsuān)
乳酸菌 (rǔsuānjūn)
二元酸
亞硫酸／亚硫酸 (yàliúsuān)
亞硝酸／亚硝酸 (yàxiāosuān)
亞硝酸鹽／亚硝酸盐 (yàxiāosuānyán)
作酸
吃醋拈酸
吃醋撚酸
含酸
單寧酸／单宁酸 (dānníngsuān)
嘗酸／尝酸
寒心酸鼻
寒酸 (hánsuān)
寒酸措大
尖酸 (jiānsuān)
尖酸刻薄 (jiānsuānkèbó)
尿酸 (niàosuān)
己二酸 (jǐ'èrsuān)
己酸 (jǐsuān)
弱酸 (ruòsuān)
強酸／强酸 (qiángsuān)
心酸 (xīnsuān)
悲酸 (bēisuān)
戊酸 (wùsuān)
拈酸吃醋
捏酸
捻酸
撚酸
有機酸／有机酸
果酸 (guǒsuān)
枸櫞酸／枸橼酸 (jǔyuánsuān)
桂皮酸
核糖核酸 (hétánghésuān)
核苷酸 (hégānsuān)
核酸 (hésuān)
棕櫚酸／棕榈酸 (zōnglǘsuān)
檸檬酸／柠檬酸 (níngméngsuān)
氫氰酸／氢氰酸 (qīngqíngsuān)
氯酸 (lǜsuān)
水楊酸／水杨酸 (shuǐyángsuān)
油酸 (yóusuān)
溴酸 (xiùsuān)
琥珀酸 (hǔpòsuān)
甜酸苦辣 (tiánsuānkǔlà)
甲酸 (jiǎsuān)
發酸／发酸
發酵乳酸／发酵乳酸
矽酸 (xīsuān)
矽酸鹽／矽酸盐 (xīsuānyán)
硬脂酸 (yìngzhīsuān)
硝酸 (xiāosuān)
硫酸 (liúsuān)
硫酸菸鹼／硫酸烟碱
硫酸鈣／硫酸钙 (liúsuāngài)
硫酸鉀／硫酸钾 (liúsuānjiǎ)
硫酸銀／硫酸银 (liúsuānyín)
硫酸鐵／硫酸铁 (liúsuāntiě)
硫酸鹽／硫酸盐 (liúsuānyán)
硼酸 (péngsuān)
硼酸水
碳酸 (tànsuān)
碳酸氣／碳酸气 (tànsuānqì)
碳酸氫鹽／碳酸氢盐 (tànsuān qīng yán)
碳酸鈣／碳酸钙 (tànsuāngài)
磷酸 (línsuān)
磷酸礦／磷酸矿
磷酸鈣／磷酸钙 (línsuāngài)
窮酸／穷酸 (qióngsuān)
窮酸餓醋／穷酸饿醋
細酸／细酸
羧酸
肉酸 (juk⁶ syun¹) (Cantonese)
肌酸 (jīsuān)
胃酸 (wèisuān)
胺基酸 (ànjīsuān)
脂肪酸 (zhīfángsuān)
腿酸
臉酸／脸酸
茄酸
草酸 (cǎosuān)
菸鹼酸／烟碱酸
葉酸／叶酸 (yèsuān)
蘋果酸／苹果酸 (píngguǒsuān)
蟻酸／蚁酸 (yǐsuān)
軟脂酸／软脂酸 (ruǎnzhīsuān)
辛酸 (xīnsuān)
透骨酸心
過錳酸鉀／过锰酸钾 (guòměngsuānjiǎ)
酒石酸 (jiǔshísuān)
酪酸 (làosuān)
酮酸 (tóngsuān)
酸丁
酸不唧
酸不拉唧
酸不溜丟／酸不溜丢 (suānbuliūdiū)
酸中毒 (suānzhòngdú)
酸乳
酸凝酪 (suānnínglào)
酸味 (suānwèi)
酸味兒／酸味儿
酸嘶
酸奶 (suānnǎi)
酸子 (suānzǐ)
酸寒
酸巴溜丟／酸巴溜丢
酸式鹽／酸式盐 (suānshìyán)
酸心 (suānxīn)
酸性 (suānxìng)
酸愴／酸怆
酸懷／酸怀
酸懶／酸懒
酸敗／酸败
酸文假醋
酸根
酸梅 (suānméi)
酸梅湯／酸梅汤 (suānméitāng)
酸棗／酸枣 (suānzǎo)
酸棗子／酸枣子
酸楚 (suānchǔ)
酸模 (suānmó)
酸溜溜 (suānliūliū)
酸漿／酸浆 (suānjiāng)
酸牛奶 (suānniúnǎi)
酸甜兒／酸甜儿
酸甜苦辣 (suāntiánkǔlà)
酸疼 (suānténg)
酸痛 (suāntòng)
酸礦／酸矿
酸腐
酸苦
酸菜 (suāncài)
酸藤
酸軟／酸软 (suānruǎn)
酸辛
酸辣
酸辣湯／酸辣汤 (suānlàtāng)
酸酐 (suāngān)
酸酪乳
酸雨 (suānyǔ)
酸餡／酸馅
酸馬奶／酸马奶
酸鹼值／酸碱值
酸鹼度／酸碱度
酸麻
酸鼻
醋酸 (cùsuān)
鉻酸鉀／铬酸钾 (gèsuānjiǎ)
雙氯芬酸／双氯芬酸 (shuānglǜfēnsuān)
鞣酸 (róusuān)
鬧酸款／闹酸款
鹽酸／盐酸 (yánsuān)
鹽酸草／盐酸草
鼻子一酸
鼻酸 (bísuān)

Descendants

→? Proto-Hmong-Mien: *suj (“sour”)

References

“酸”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

酸

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

sour
(chemistry) acid

Readings

Compounds

アミノ酸(さん) (aminosan, “amino acid”)
アルギン酸(さん) (aruginsan, “alginic acid”)
安(あん)息(そく)香(こう)酸(さん) (ansokukōsan, “benzoic acid”)
胃(い)酸(さん) (isan, “gastric acid”)
塩(えん)酸(さん) (ensan, “hydrochloric acid”)
オクタデカン酸(さん) (okutadekan-san, “octadecanoic acid”)
オレイン酸(さん) (orein-san, “oleic acid”)
核(かく)酸(さん) (kakusan, “nucleic acid”)
カルボン酸(さん) (karubon-san, “carboxylic acid”)
蟻(ぎ)酸(さん) (gisan, “formic acid”)
枸(く)櫞(えん)酸(さん) (kuensan, “citric acid”)
グルタミン酸(さん) (gurutaminsan, “glutamic acid”)
珪(けい)酸(さん) (keisan, “silicic acid”)
麹(こうじ)酸(さん) (kōjisan, “kojic acid”)
琥(こ)珀(はく)酸(さん) (kohakusan, “succinic acid”)
酢(さく)酸(さん) (sakusan, “acetic acid”)
酸(さん)化(か) (sanka, “oxidation”)
酸(さん)性(せい) (sansei, “acidity”)
酸(さん)素(そ) (sanso, “oxygen”)
酸(さん)鼻(び) (sanbi, “appalling, horrible”)
酸(さん)味(み) (sanmi, “sourness”)
脂(し)肪(ぼう)酸(さん) (shibōsan, “fatty acid”)
酒(しゅ)石(せき)酸(さん) (shusekisan, “tartaric acid”)
硝(しょう)酸(さん) (shōsan, “nitric acid”)
焦(しょう)性(せい)葡(ぶ)萄(どう)酸(さん) (shōseibudōsan, “pyruvic acid”)
ステアリン酸(さん) (sutearin-san, “stearic acid”)
青(せい)酸(さん) (seisan, “hydrocyanic acid”)
石(せき)炭(たん)酸(さん) (sekitansan, “phenol (caustic compound derived from benzene)”)
炭(たん)酸(さん) (tansan, “carbonic acid”)
胆(たん)汁(じゅう)酸(さん) (tanjūsan, “bile acid”)
乳(にゅう)酸(さん) (nyūsan, “lactic acid”)
尿(にょう)酸(さん) (nyōsan, “uric acid”)
馬(ば)尿(にょう)酸(さん) (banyōsan, “hippuric acid”)
パルミチン酸(さん) (parumichin-san, “palmitic acid”)
砒(ひ)酸(さん) (hisan, “arsenic acid”)
硼(ほう)酸(さん) (hōsan, “boric acid”)
油(ゆ)酸(さん) (yusan, “oleic acid”)
葉(よう)酸(さん) (yōsan, “folic acid”)
沃(よう)素(そ)酸(さん) (yōsosan, “iodic acid”)
酪(らく)酸(さん) (rakusan, “butyric acid”)
硫(りゅう)酸(さん) (ryūsan, “sulphuric acid”)
林(りん)檎(ご)酸(さん) (ringosan, “malic acid”)
燐(りん)酸(さん) (rinsan, “phosphoric acid”)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
酸
さん Grade: 5
on'yomi

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

酸

Wikipedia ^ja

From Middle Chinese 酸 (suɑn).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) さん [sáꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [sã̠ɴ]

Noun

酸(さん) • (san)

sourness (quality or condition)
(chemistry) acid

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
酸
す Grade: 5
kun'yomi

Noun

酸(す) • (su)

Alternative spelling of 酢 (“vinegar”)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

酸 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)

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