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Riga

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Riga nye toxɔdu kple dugã lolotɔwu le Latvia. Eƒe dukɔmenɔlawo ƒe xexlẽme ɖo 643,615 lɔƒo (2015). Woɖo Riga le ƒe 1201 me, eye wònye Hanseatic League me tɔ tsã. Riga ƒe ŋutinya me titina nye UNESCO Xexeame ƒe Domenyinu, si wonya ɖe eƒe Art Nouveau/Jugendstil xɔtuɖaŋu kple ƒe alafa 19 lia me ati xɔtuɖaŋu ta.[1] Riga nye [[Europa ƒe Dekɔnuwo ƒe Fiadu]. ] le ƒe 2014 me, tsɔ kpe ɖe Umeå ŋu le Sweden. Riga nye ƒe 2006 NATO Takpekpe, Eurovision Hadzidzi Hoʋiʋli 2003, 2013 Xexeame Nyɔnuwo ƒe Curling Hoʋiʋli, kple IIHF Ŋutsuwo ƒe Xexeame ƒe Tsikpe Hockey Aʋadziɖuɖu le ƒe 2006, 2021, kple 2023. Enye afisi Europa Dukɔwo ƒe Ðekawɔha ƒe dɔwɔƒe si nye Europatɔwo ƒe Elektrɔnik Kadodowo Ŋuti Ðoɖowɔlawo (BEREC) le. Le ƒe 2017 me la, wotsɔ ŋkɔ nɛ be Europatɔwo ƒe Nuɖuɖu Ŋuti Nuto. Le ƒe 2019 me la, Riga xɔ duta amedzro siwo wu miliɔn 1.4 .[2] Dua nye Riga Dukɔwo Dome Yameʋudzeƒe, si yameʋudzeƒe gãtɔ kekeake si me amewo sɔ gbɔ ɖo wu le Baltik-dukɔwo me. Riga nye Eurocities me tɔ,

/ref> kple Europa Dukɔwo ƒe Habɔbɔ ƒe Fiaduwo ƒe Habɔbɔ (UCEU).[3]

Nyagɔmeɖegbalẽ

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Womenya afisi tututu ŋkɔa dzɔ tso o, ke hã nukpɔsusu gbogbo aɖewo kple nususugblɔwo li na ŋkɔ Riga ƒe dzɔtsoƒe:

  • Enye nya si wotrɔ asi le, si wodo tso Livoniagbe Template:Lang gɔmesese loop, si fia blema dzɔdzɔmemelidzeƒe si Daugava Tɔsisi ƒe alɔdze loop wɔ.[4][5]
  • Woate ŋu akpɔe tso Riege, si nye Germanygbe me ŋkɔ na Rīdzene Tɔsisi, si nye Daugava ƒe alɔdze tsã.[6]
  • Bishop Albert gblɔ be kafukafu tso eƒe aʋawɔwɔ be yeaɖu nutoa me tɔwo dzi ahatrɔ wo me, be etso Latingbe me Template:Lang ("tsidede agble"), si nye kpɔɖeŋu na "tsidede agble na ƒuƒuiƒe." trɔ̃subɔlawo ƒe luʋɔwo to Kristotɔnyenye dzi".[7]

Gake numeɖeɖe si ŋu kakaɖedzi le wue nye alesi Germanytɔ ŋutinyaŋlɔla Dionysius Fabricius (ƒe 1610) ɖo kpe edzi be Riga ƒe ŋkɔa tso akpa si wòwɔ xoxo le asitsatsa me gbɔ:[8] "Riga xɔ ŋkɔ tso xɔ alo nudzraɖoƒe siwo wokpɔ le agbɔsɔsɔ gã me le Duna-tɔsisia to, si Livtɔwo yɔna le woawo ŋutɔ ƒe gbe me be Riae".[9]Template:Efn "j" si le Latviagbe me Template:Lang sesẽ va zu "g" le Germanygbe me. Eŋlisi anyigbaŋutinunyala Richard Hakluyt (ƒe 1589) ɖo kpe nuŋlɔɖi sia dzi, eye wòyɔ Riga be Rie, abe alesi woyɔnɛ le Latviagbe me ene.[10]

Ŋutinya

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Template:Vevietɔ Template:Na ɣeyiɣi ƒe ɖoɖo

Template:Nyayɔyɔ ƒe aɖaka

Template:Flagicon nɔnɔmetata Sweden Fiaɖuƒe 1629–1721

Template:Flagicon nɔnɔmetata Russia Fiaɖuƒe 1721–1917

Template:Flagdeco Germany Fiaɖuƒe 1917–1918

Template:Flagicon Latvia Dukɔa 1918–1940

Template:Aflaga 1940–1941

Template:Flagdeco Nazi Germany Ƒe 1941–1944

Template:Aflaga Ƒe 1944–1990

Template:Flagicon Latvia Dukɔa 1990–fifia }} .

Gɔmeɖoanyi

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Tɔsisi Daugava nye asitsamɔ tso blema ke, enye Vikingtɔwo ƒe Dvina–Dnieper ƒe tɔdziʋuɖoɖomɔ yi Byzantium ƒe akpa aɖe. [11] dzɔdzɔmemelidzeƒe Template:Cvt si le tɔsisia dzi tso togbɛa dzi si wokpɔ bebeƒe leh ƒe Daugava—si nye egbegbe Riga ƒe teƒe—woŋlɔe ɖi, be una Urbs, tso keke ƒe alafa 2 lia me ke.[12] [[Livoniatɔwo|Livs] ye nɔe. ], Finnic to aɖe.

Ameyibɔwo ƒe Nɔviwo ƒe Habɔbɔ ƒe xɔ nye esiwo woɖe fia wu la dometɔ ɖeka xɔ siwo le Riga Xoxoa (Vecrīga).

Riga dze egɔme nɔ ŋgɔ yim abe Vikingtɔwo ƒe asitsatsa le Titinaɣeyiɣiwo ƒe gɔmedzedze.[12] Riga nɔlawo ƒoa wo ɖokui ɖe tɔƒodede, lãwo nyinyi, kple asitsatsa koŋ me, emegbe wova to asinudɔwɔwɔwo vɛ, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye ƒu, ati, amber, kple gayibɔ.[12]

Livonian Chronicle of Henry ɖi ɖase be Riga nye asitsaƒe ɣeyiɣi didi aɖe le ƒe alafa 12 lia me, eye wòyɔe be Template:Lang (blema melidzeƒe), eye wòƒo nu tso aƒewo kple... nudzraɖoƒe siwo wodzraa flax, kple lãgbalẽwo ƒe akpa gãtɔ ɖo tsã.[12] Germanytɔ asitsalawo dze Riga sasrãkpɔ gɔme, eye woɖo aʋawɔƒe aɖe si te ɖe afima ŋu le ƒe 1158 me.

Saɖagaxɔmenɔla Meinhard si tso Segeberg[13] va ɖo be yeatrɔ Livonia trɔ̃subɔlawo woazu Kristotɔwo. Katoliko kple Orthodɔks Kristotɔnyenye va ɖo Latvia xoxo wu ƒe alafa ɖeka do ŋgɔ, eye Latviatɔ geɖewo xɔ nyɔnyrɔ.[12][13] Meinhard va nɔ Livtɔwo dome, etu fiasã kple sɔlemexɔ ɖe Uexküll (si woyɔna fifia be Ikšķile), le Riga ƒe dzigbe gome, eye wòɖo eƒe bisiɔpnyenye ɖe afima.[13] Gake Livtɔwo ya, yi edzi wɔ trɔ̃subɔsubɔ eye Meinhard ku le Uexküll le ƒe 1196 me, esi wòdo kpo nu le eƒe dɔdasi me.[14] Le ƒe 1198 me la, Bishop Berthold va ɖo kple atitsogaʋawɔlawo[14] ƒe aʋawɔha aɖe eye wodze amedzizizi [ [Kristotɔnyenye|Kristotɔnyenye]].[12][13] Berthold ku le ema megbe kpuie eye woɖu eƒe asrafowo dzi.[14]

Sɔlemeha la ƒo ƒu be yeabia hlɔ̃ ɖe dziɖuɖu sia ta. Papa Innocent III ɖe gbeƒã nyitsu aɖe si ɖe gbeƒã atitsogaʋa ɖe Livoniatɔwo ŋu.[14] Bishop Albert woɖe gbeƒãe be Livonia ƒe Bisiɔp to tɔɖiayɔvi Hartwig si tso Uthlede, Bremen kple Hamburg ƒe Fiavi-Bisiɔpgã le ƒe 1199. Albert ɖi go ɖe Riga le ƒe 1200 me[12][15] kple meli 23[16] kple Westphalia atitsogaʋawɔla 500.[17] Le ƒe 1201 me la, eɖe Livonia bisiɔpnyenye ƒe zikpui tso Uexküll yi Riga, eye wòxɔ nubabla be woawɔ esia le Riga ƒe hamemegãwo si sesẽe.[12]

Le Bisiɔp Albert ƒe kpɔkplɔ te

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Ƒe 1201 hã nye Germanytɔ asitsala siwo va Novgorod zi gbãtɔ, to Dvina dzi.[18] Be woaʋli anyigbamama ta[19] kple asitsatsa, Albert ɖo Livonian Brothers of the Sword ƒe ɖoɖo le ƒe 1202 me, si ʋu ɖi na ame ŋkutawo kple asitsalawo.[18]

Livtɔwo ƒe Kristotɔnyenye yi edzi. Le ƒe 1207 me la, Albert dze dua ƒe ŋusẽdodo gɔme.[18][20] Fia Philip de ga Albert me kple Livonia abe fief[21] kple Roma Fiaɖuƒe Kɔkɔe ƒe fiaɖuƒe.[12] Be woado asrafowo ƒe anyinɔnɔ tegbee ɖe ŋgɔ la, woma anyigbamama ƒe aƒetɔnyenye ɖe Sɔlemeha la kple Sedede la dome. , kple Sɔlemeha la xɔ Riga kple anyigba siwo katã dzi woɖu la ƒe akpa eve le etɔ̃ me eye wòna akpa etɔ̃lia Sedede la.[22] Vaseɖe ɣemaɣi la, enye kɔnu be atitsogaʋawɔlawo nasubɔ ƒe ɖeka eye emegbe woatrɔ ayi aƒe.[22]

Albert kpɔ Riga ƒe asitsatsa ƒe etsɔme ta to papa ƒe nyitsuwo xɔxɔ me si de se be ele be Germanytɔwo ƒe asitsalawo katã nayi woƒe Baltic-asitsatsa dzi to Riga.[22] Le ƒe 1211 me la, Riga to eƒe gaku gbãtɔ,[12] eye Albert ɖo dzogoedzikpe na Riga Dom.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.doms.lv/info/?mnu_id=50%7Ctitle= Doma vēsture (ŋutinya) |archive-url=https://www.nyatakakadzraɖoƒe.ar


Nya siawo ƒe tsoƒe

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  1. ↑ [https: //web.archive.org/web/20200622180500/http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/852/ "Riga ƒe Ŋutinya Dɔwɔƒe – UNESCO ƒe Xexeame ƒe Domenyinu Dɔwɔƒe"] Check |url= scheme (help). UNESCO. Archived from org/en/list/852 the original Check |url= scheme (help) on 22 June 2020. Retrieved 18 December 2012.  Unknown parameter |ƒe= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ baltictimes.com/tourist_numbers_in_riga_kpɔ mɔ be_aɖo_80__si_do ŋgɔ na dɔvɔ̃a_xexlẽme_si_ƒe_si_-_liveriga/ "Wokpɔ mɔ be tsaɖilawo ƒe xexlẽme le Riga aɖo 80% le xexlẽme si do ŋgɔ na dɔvɔ̃a me le ƒe sia me – LiveRiga" Check |url= scheme (help). baltictimes.com. Retrieved 2023-05-13. 
  3. ↑ "Europa Dukɔwo ƒe Habɔbɔ ƒe Fiaduwo ƒe Habɔbɔ". Fiaduwo ƒe Habɔbɔ ƒe Europa Dukɔwo ƒe Habɔbɔ (UCEU). Archived from the original on |archive-url= requires |archive-date= (help).  Unknown parameter |nudzraɖoƒe-ŋkeke= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |ŋkeke si dzi wokpɔe= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ "Teritorija un administratīvās robežas vēsturiskā skatījumā". Duwo ƒe Nutome Nyatakakawo le... Internet.  Unknown parameter |nudzraɖoƒe-ŋkeke= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |gbe= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |ŋkeke si dzi woge ɖo= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |nudzraɖoƒe-url= ignored (help)
  5. ↑ Template:Yɔ nyatakakadzraɖoƒea
  6. ↑ org/web/20120223130131/http://www.riga.lv/EN/Channels/Tso_Riga ŋu/Riga_ŋutinya/Ŋutinya/Udeni/Ridzina.htm "Riga dudzikpɔƒe ƒe nyatakakadzraɖoƒe" Check |url= scheme (help). Archived from lv/EN/Channels/About_Riga/History_of_Riga/Stories/Udeni/Ridzina.htm the original Check |url= scheme (help) on 23 February 2012.  Unknown parameter |nyatakakadzraɖoƒe= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |ŋkeke si dzi woge ɖo= ignored (help)
  7. ↑ "Riga ƒe aʋawɔnu". Archived from the original on 11 July 2007. Retrieved 28 March 2024.  Unknown parameter |ŋkeke si dzi wokpɔe= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |nyatakakadzraɖoƒe= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |nudzraɖoƒe-url= ignored (help)
  8. ↑ Vauchez et al. Titinaɣeyiɣiwo ƒe Numekugbalẽ. Routledge, 2001
  9. ↑ Fabrius, D. Livonicae Historiae Compendiosa Series, 1610
  10. ↑ Bilmanis, A. Latvia abe Dukɔ si le eɖokui si. Latviatɔwo ƒe Dɔdzikpɔha. Ƒe 1947.
  11. ↑ Bilmanis, A. Latvia abe Dukɔ si le eɖokui si ene. Latviatɔwo ƒe Amedɔdɔwo. 1947.
  12. ↑ 12.00 12.01 12.02 12.03 12.04 12.05 12.06 12.07 12.08 12.09 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named BilmanisLIS2
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 Vauchez et al. Titinaɣeyiɣiwo me Numekugbalẽ. Routledge, 2001
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Germanis, U. The Latvian Saga. 10 lia ƒe tata. 1998. Memento, Stockholm.
  15. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named . Saga
  16. ↑ Laffort, R. (amesi ŋlɔa nu), Katoliko Numekugbalẽ, Robert Appleton Co., 1907
  17. ↑ Tolstoy-Miloslavsky, D. Tolstoytɔwo: Dzidzimeŋutinya kple Dzɔtsoƒe. A2Z, 1991
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Dollinger, P. Dukɔwo Dome Asitsatsa ƒe Dodo 1200–1800, 1964; gɔmeɖeɖe Macmillan kple Co ƒe tata, 1970
  19. ↑ Reiner et al. Riga. Axel Menges, si le Stuttgart, kple ame bubuwo. 1999.
  20. ↑ Zarina, D. Riga Xoxo: Tsaɖilawo ƒe Mɔfiala, Spriditis, 1992
  21. ↑ Moeller et al. Kristo-ha la ƒe ŋutinya. MacMillan & Co. 1893.
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 Palmieri, A. Catholic Origin of Latvia, ed. Cororan, J.A., kple 1999. kple exɔlɔ̃wo. The American Catholic Quarterly Review, Volume XLVI, January–October 1921. Philadelphia.
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