Papers by Laura A. Cariola
Addiction Science & Clinical Practice, 2017
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BACKGROUND Stigma toward people with mental illness presents serious consequences for the impacte... more BACKGROUND Stigma toward people with mental illness presents serious consequences for the impacted individuals, such as social exclusion and increased difficulties in the recovery process. Recently, several interventions have been developed to mitigate public stigma, based on the use of innovative technologies, such as virtual reality and video games. OBJECTIVE This review aims to systematically review, synthesize, measure, and critically discuss experimental studies that measure the effect of technological interventions on stigmatization levels. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis was based on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines and included studies in English and Spanish published between 2016 and 2021. Searches were run in 5 different databases (ie, PubMed, PsycInfo, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect). Only randomized controlled trials were included. Two independent reviewers determined the eligibility, ext...
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Adolescent Research Review, 2019
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Child Abuse & Neglect, 2019
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Social Science Protocols, 2018
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Qualitative Methods in Psychology Bulletin, 2021
It is a well-known fact that sensationalist newspaper reports reinforce existing public stigma ag... more It is a well-known fact that sensationalist newspaper reports reinforce existing public stigma against individuals with mental health problems. To better understand the impressions that people with mental health problems have of press representations of mental health problems, and the negative consequences newspaper reporting can have on those affected, two focus groups and five interviews were conducted with 16 participants (aged 24 to 72 years) who were directly or indirectly affected by mental health problems. Recordings were transcribed verbatim, coded and analysed using deductive and inductive coding approaches to thematic analysis. Two main themes were developed: perceived misrepresentations about mental health problems, and perceived consequences of misrepresentations. The results from this focus group study highlight how misrepresentations of mental health problems in the press create and reinforce public stigma and misinformation and inhibit communication about mental health problems and help-seeking behaviour.
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Language and Psychoanalysis, 2021
This study examined the relationship between attachment style, mother tongue (L1) and dominant la... more This study examined the relationship between attachment style, mother tongue (L1) and dominant language 2 (DL) proficiency, sociocultural identification with the culture of origin, and life satisfaction amongst second-generation and third-generation South Asian immigrants in Hong Kong. Participants included 69 women and 28 men who were permanent residents of South Asian ethnicity, and who had grown up in Hong Kong. The results identified significant associations between attachment insecurity and L1 and DL proficiency, as well as commitment to the origin culture. There was a positive association between life satisfaction and commitment levels to origin culture, indicating that high commitment levels to origin culture tend to coexist with high life satisfaction. This study adds to the existing literature with a focus on language skills, attachment and acculturation in immigrant populations.
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Language and Psychoanalysis, 2020
By relating the exterior-interior model of body boundary awareness to Lakoff & Johnson's (1999) i... more By relating the exterior-interior model of body boundary awareness to Lakoff & Johnson's (1999) in-out orientation of container-schematic conceptualisations, this study aims to explore the use of container-schematic imagery in the autobiographical memories of High and Low Barrier Personalities. The results of this study are based on a corpus of everyday autobiographical memories (N=488) and dream memories (N=450). The results demonstrated that, in both memory types, High Barrier personalities used more semantic fields representing concrete and metaphorical container-schematic imagery (Johnson, 1987), suggesting that the container schema is similar to the Barrier personality construct. The results are also discussed in reference to the Covid-19 pandemic.
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Adolescent Research Review, 2019
Due to increased levels of stigma, discrimination and victimization Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans... more Due to increased levels of stigma, discrimination and victimization Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Questioning or Intersex (LGBTQI+) youth face particular challenges in society. With the intention of better understanding the challenges and issues that LGBTQI+ youth are experiencing, this systematic review explored qualitative studies with a focus on mental health services and the requisite social support service policies and programs for LGBTQI+ youth. Qualitative research systematically examines the expressed thoughts and feelings of the research participants, and through reflective analysis of the themes and links discussed, can provide rich and nuanced understanding. A synthesis of the included studies identified five core themes: (1) Isolation, rejection, phobia, need for support; (2) Marginalization; (3) Depression, self-harm and suicidality; (4) Policy and environment; and (5) Connectedness. Key results suggest that community, school, and family resources to support resilience will optimize LGBTQI+ mental health. This systematic review of qualitative research provides a source of rich information to inform the provision of services and policies that will address the disparity into mental health statistics for the LGBTQI+ population.
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Social Science Protocols, 2018
Background: Evidence indicates that the viewing of indecent images of children (IIOC) has increas... more Background: Evidence indicates that the viewing of indecent images of children (IIOC) has increased due to the emergence of, and increased access to, the Internet. Over the last 20 years there has been a high level of collaboration between various stakeholders to prevent and restrict access to IIOC. Nevertheless, there is no comprehensive review of these approaches or their effect as deterrents to viewing IIOC.
Methods/Design: This paper presents a protocol for a meta-narrative review of the deterrents to viewing indecent images of children (IIOC) online. The meta narrative review methodology allows researchers to systematically identify and review different understandings, or narratives, of a subject across a range of disciplines, with the aim of synthesising this diverse literature and providing recommendations to researchers, practitioners and policymakers. We outline the authors’ approach to the review, focusing on six methodological steps: planning the review scope, questions and outputs, systematic searching of academic and grey literature, mapping the identified articles according to disciplines and their narratives, appraising the evidence within narratives, then synthesising the conceptualisations and evidence from the different disciplines to generate overarching narratives and recommendations to stakeholders.
Discussion: The discussion considers the anticipated benefits and challenges of conducting the review, and makes recommendations for other researchers embarking on this type of review.
Keywords: indecent images of children; child pornography; internet; deterrence; meta-narrative review
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The report reflects the views of a sample of young people who have taken and shared sexual images... more The report reflects the views of a sample of young people who have taken and shared sexual images of themselves, and three groups of professionals whose work exposes
them to the challenges of managing these cases if, and when, they come to light. The aim was to complement existing UK procedural guidelines for Schools and Colleges (UKCCIS, 2016) and Police (College of Policing, 2016) through explicitly seeking the involvement of adolescents (Study 1) alongside those of multiple stakeholders across three sites (Study 2). This work is supported by ESRC Impact Accelerator funding and
follows the earlier work from the SPIRTO project.
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Social Science Protocols is a new open-access journal platform published by Edinburgh University ... more Social Science Protocols is a new open-access journal platform published by Edinburgh University Library Open Journals. The official launch of the journal platform is March 2018. Social Science Protocols is a fully peer reviewed online journal platform. It is the only platform with a focus on publishing study protocols in the social sciences, including the arts, communication studies, economics, education, geography, history, law, literature, linguistics, philosophy, politics, psychology, religious studies, sociology and social work. Publication is free of charge. Study protocols can be for proposed and ongoing studies, and should provide a detailed account of the research hypothesis, rational and methodology of the study. Study protocols that have received funding from a funding body and ethical approval will be published without peer review. Study protocols without funding or ethical approval will be assessed through a double-blind peer reviewing process against a set of quality appraisal criteria. Submission of study protocols are welcome throughout the year for prompt online publication. We are also still looking for academics across the social science disciplines to join the editorial board. To join the editorial board or to submit study protocols, please contact the journal editor Dr. Laura Cariola (laura.cariola@ed.ac.uk).
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The first part of this paper outlined the construction of the Cyber Security Corpus, which is a h... more The first part of this paper outlined the construction of the Cyber Security Corpus, which is a half a million word corpus of written text samples obtained from different genres of cyber security discourse, including academic articles and essays, government and business reports, book chapters, websites, web-blogs and newspaper articles. Communication about cyber security represents an integral part of the securitization of everyday life in the 21st century. Through the use of linguistic expressions, cyber security discourses influence public behaviour and attitudes
to engage in safe online practices, and thus to protect one’s privacy and information assets from the malicious intent of cyber criminals. Thus, the second part of this paper explored the semantic content in the Cyber Security Corpus, and it also analysed the use of semantic prosody and semantic fields to identify regular semantic patterns and linguistic knowledge representations that typically characterize cyber security discourses.
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Papers by Laura A. Cariola
Methods/Design: This paper presents a protocol for a meta-narrative review of the deterrents to viewing indecent images of children (IIOC) online. The meta narrative review methodology allows researchers to systematically identify and review different understandings, or narratives, of a subject across a range of disciplines, with the aim of synthesising this diverse literature and providing recommendations to researchers, practitioners and policymakers. We outline the authors’ approach to the review, focusing on six methodological steps: planning the review scope, questions and outputs, systematic searching of academic and grey literature, mapping the identified articles according to disciplines and their narratives, appraising the evidence within narratives, then synthesising the conceptualisations and evidence from the different disciplines to generate overarching narratives and recommendations to stakeholders.
Discussion: The discussion considers the anticipated benefits and challenges of conducting the review, and makes recommendations for other researchers embarking on this type of review.
Keywords: indecent images of children; child pornography; internet; deterrence; meta-narrative review
them to the challenges of managing these cases if, and when, they come to light. The aim was to complement existing UK procedural guidelines for Schools and Colleges (UKCCIS, 2016) and Police (College of Policing, 2016) through explicitly seeking the involvement of adolescents (Study 1) alongside those of multiple stakeholders across three sites (Study 2). This work is supported by ESRC Impact Accelerator funding and
follows the earlier work from the SPIRTO project.
to engage in safe online practices, and thus to protect one’s privacy and information assets from the malicious intent of cyber criminals. Thus, the second part of this paper explored the semantic content in the Cyber Security Corpus, and it also analysed the use of semantic prosody and semantic fields to identify regular semantic patterns and linguistic knowledge representations that typically characterize cyber security discourses.
Methods/Design: This paper presents a protocol for a meta-narrative review of the deterrents to viewing indecent images of children (IIOC) online. The meta narrative review methodology allows researchers to systematically identify and review different understandings, or narratives, of a subject across a range of disciplines, with the aim of synthesising this diverse literature and providing recommendations to researchers, practitioners and policymakers. We outline the authors’ approach to the review, focusing on six methodological steps: planning the review scope, questions and outputs, systematic searching of academic and grey literature, mapping the identified articles according to disciplines and their narratives, appraising the evidence within narratives, then synthesising the conceptualisations and evidence from the different disciplines to generate overarching narratives and recommendations to stakeholders.
Discussion: The discussion considers the anticipated benefits and challenges of conducting the review, and makes recommendations for other researchers embarking on this type of review.
Keywords: indecent images of children; child pornography; internet; deterrence; meta-narrative review
them to the challenges of managing these cases if, and when, they come to light. The aim was to complement existing UK procedural guidelines for Schools and Colleges (UKCCIS, 2016) and Police (College of Policing, 2016) through explicitly seeking the involvement of adolescents (Study 1) alongside those of multiple stakeholders across three sites (Study 2). This work is supported by ESRC Impact Accelerator funding and
follows the earlier work from the SPIRTO project.
to engage in safe online practices, and thus to protect one’s privacy and information assets from the malicious intent of cyber criminals. Thus, the second part of this paper explored the semantic content in the Cyber Security Corpus, and it also analysed the use of semantic prosody and semantic fields to identify regular semantic patterns and linguistic knowledge representations that typically characterize cyber security discourses.
Cognitive theories hold that humans direct their visual attention to the containing and surface percepts in their environment due to their conscious experience of being contained by a skin boundary (Fisher & Cleveland, 1958; Lakoff & Johnson, 1980). Consistent with this view, psycholinguistic research demonstrated that individuals with more definite body boundaries, or socially-orientated High Barrier personalities, use more semantic domains related to surface and container-schematic imagery, as well as figurative mappings onto bodily parts and processes, in the recall of autobiographical memories, compared to solitary Low Barrier personalities (Cariola, 2014). The use of surface and container imagery, as well as bodily figurative mappings, reflect a part-whole self-other relationship in which the social environment becomes part of the bodily schema through verbally simulated stimulation of the high-excitatory skin membrane. Such a simulated stimulation of the human skin surface might represent a culturally evolved form of primate social grooming by preserving selectively its cooperative benefits meanwhile maintaining social physical distance. The notion of skin simulation as a primordial cognition has implications for human social-group perceptions, such as the discursive presentation of political ideologies.
References
Cariola, L. A. (2014). Embodied cognition in barrier personalities. 2nd Cognitive Futures of the Humanities, Durham, UK, April 2014.
Dunbar, R. (1996). Grooming, gossip, and the evolution of language. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Dunbar, R. (2010). The social role of touch in humans and primates: behavioural function and neurobiological mechanisms. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 34, 260-268.
Fisher S., & Cleveland, S. (1958). Body image and personality. New York, NY:
Dover Publications.
Lakoff, G. & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. Chicago, Il: University of
Chicago Press.
A corpus-based analysis using the USAS tool (Rayson et al., 2004) identified salient semantic domains in the autobiographical memories of High and Low Barrier personalities. The results indicated that in both memory types, High Barrier personalities used more semantic domains representing CONTAINER-schematic imagery (Johnson, 1987) (e.g., Vehicles and transport on land) and primordial mental activity, such as bodily, sensory, motion and spatial references, that represent structural elements of embodied image schemata (Bergen & Chang, 2007) (i.e., TRAJECTORY-LANDMARK, SOURCE-PATH-GOAL), compared to the semantic domains related to conceptual thought, such as knowledge and emotion references, in Low Barrier personalities. High Barrier personalities also used more semantic fields indicating symbolic spatial, temporal and social boundaries, as well as an increased surfaces awareness. Whereas Low Barrier personalities communicate their thoughts and emotions directly in both autobiographical memory types, High Barrier personalities expressed their emotions figuratively by mapping emotions onto bodily parts and processes. In dream memories of High Barrier personalities, CONTAINER- schematic and part-of-a-whole imagery were often damaged and destroyed, whereas in Low barrier personalities surface and container penetration had a positive emotional valence (e.g., Relationship: Intimacy and sex).
The results of this study provide a rich insight into the cognitive and psychodynamic dynamics in both High and Low Barrier Personalities. The discussion of this study puts forward, consistent the psychodynamic, cognitive and neurological view that perceive primordial thought related to part-whole displacement and condensation (Freud, 1900; Martindale, 1981; Matte-Blanco, 1975), that the language of the socially and security orientated High Barrier personalities is motivated by a politeness strategy to gain social acceptance, as well as reflecting a part-whole self-other relationship in which the social environment becomes part of the bodily self through the simulated contact of the CONTAINER surface as an embodied extension of the high-excitatory skin membrane. In dreams, on the other hand, the destruction of these CONTAINER and part-whole surfaces might represent the annihilation of social norms that constrain the authentic expression of the true self. In contrast, Low Barrier personalities low social-orientated disposition results in the direct expression of emotions and thoughts as well as an increased concern of factual topics (e.g., The Media). Future research should explore the dynamical development of embodied semantic fields and lexical tendency associated to right-brain hemispheric primordial thought and left-brain hemispheric conceptual thought, as well as the use of figurative language and syntactic forms, in children in relation to their familial environment.
References
Bergen, B. K., & Chang, N. (2004). Embodied construction grammar in simulated-based language understanding. In V. Evans, B. Bergen & J. Zinken (Eds.), The Cognitive linguistics reader (pp. 601-637). London, UK: Equinox.
Bick, E. (1968). Experience of the skin in early object relations. International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, 49, 484–486.
Cariola (in press). Lexical tendencies of High and Low Barrier personalities in narratives of everyday and dream memories. Imagination, Cognition and Personality.
Fisher S., & Cleveland, S. (1958). Body image and personality. New York, NY: Dover Publications.
Freud, S. (2001). The interpretation of dreams, S.E. 4. London, UK: Hogarth Press.
(Original work published 1900)
Johnson, M. (1987). The body in the mind. Chicago, Il: University of Chicago Press.
Lakoff, G. & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. Chicago, Il: University of Chicago Press.
Martindale, C. (1975). Romantic Progression: The Psychology of Literary History. Washington, D.C.: Hemisphere.
Martindale, C. (1981) Cognition and consciousness. Homewood: Dorsey.
Matte-Blanco, I. (1975). The unconscious as infinite set: An essay in bi-logic. London, UK: Karnac Books.
Rayson, P. Archer, D., Piao, S. L., & McEnery, T. (2004). The UCREL semantic analysis system. In Proceedings of the workshop on Beyond Named Entity Recogniton Semantic labelling for NLP tasks in association with LREC 2004 (pp. 7-12). Lisbon, Portugal.
Violi, P. (2012). How our bodies become us: Embodiment, semiois and intersubjectivity. Cognitive Semiotics, 4. Retrieved from http://www.cognitivesemiotics.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/2-violi.pdf
References
Bergen, B. K., & Chang, N. (2004). Embodied construction grammar in simulated-based language understanding. In V. Evans, B. Bergen & J. Zinken (Eds.), The Cognitive linguistics reader (pp. 601-637). London, UK: Equinox.
Fisher S., & Cleveland, S. (1958). Body image and personality. New York, NY: Dover Publications.
Johnson, M. (1987). The body in the mind. Chicago, Il: University of Chicago Press.
O’Keef, J. & Nadel, L. (1978). The hippocampus as a cognitive map. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Rayson, P. Archer, D., Piao, S. L., & McEnery, T. (2004). The UCREL semantic analysis system. In Proceedings of the workshop on Beyond Named Entity Recogniton Semantic labelling for NLP tasks in association with LREC 2004 (pp. 7-12). Lisbon, Portugal.
Winnicott, D. W. (1971) Playing and reality. New York, NY: Routledge.
Violi, P. (2012). How our bodies become us: Embodiment, semiois and intersubjectivity. Cognitive Semiotics, 4. Retrieved from http://www.cognitivesemiotics.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/2-violi.pdf
"
References
St. Teresa of Avilia (1567). The Way of Perfection. (E. A. Peers Trans.) Retrieved from http://www.ccel.org/ccel/teresa/way.html
Schreber, D. P. (1955). Memoirs of My Nervous Illness. (I. Macalpine & R. A. Hunter Trans.). London: Dawson. (Original work published 1903)
Underhill, E. (1911). Mysticism: A study in nature and the development of spiritual consciousness. London: Methuen."
In particular, psychoanalytical theory associates body boundary awareness with the experience of trauma and losses that are not successfully mourned and thus not coherently integrated within a person’s self-concept (e.g., Ogden, 1989; Winnicott et al., 1984). An individual then develops a distorted body boundary schema that is expressed through dysfunctional intersocial behaviour. In contrast, cognitive psychology emphasizes that traumatic experiences influence the choice of perspective (i.e., a field perspective and an observer perspective) in the recall of autobiographical experiences (e.g., Nigro & Neisser, 1983). Hence, the field perspective has been associated with the process of self-reflection, so-called ‘mentalisation’, which may be dysfunctional in cases involving psychopathology and trauma, due to operating defence mechanisms, such as ego-splitting (e.g., Fonagy & Target, 1996).
Surprisingly, empirical research has not investigated how body boundary awareness relates to trauma and loss experiences, and point of view in the recall of autobiographical memories. In this study, participants reported an everyday memory (N = 490) and dream memory (N = 451), and were also given a trauma-loss and a cognitive questionnaire. The frequencies of lexical items and body boundary imagery in the written narratives of everyday memories and dreams were assessed with the Regressive Imagery Dictionary (RID) (Martindale, 1975, 1990), and the Body Type Dictionary (BTD) (a computerised dictionary that calculates the frequency of semantic items categorised as barrier imagery and penetration imagery based on Fisher & Cleveland’s scoring system) (Wilson, 2006).
A multiple linear regression analysis indicated that in narratives of everyday memories, barrier imagery was negatively related to self-references, field perspective and personal importance of the memory, whereas penetration imagery was negatively related to self- and other-references, affection and aggression lexis, and a field perspective. In dream memories, barrier imagery was negatively related to sadness imagery only, whereas penetration imagery was positively related to self-reference and aggression lexis, but negatively related to other-references, affection lexis and detailed content. Trauma and loss experiences were not predictive but associated to sum body boundary imagery in dream narratives.
These results will be discussed drawing on psychological literature and contemporary psychoanalytical theories.
References
Fisher, S. & Cleveland, S. (1956). Body-image boundaries and style of life. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 52, 373-379.
Fisher, S., & Cleveland, S. (1958). Body Image and Personality. New York, NY: Dover Publications.
Fonagy, P., & Target, M. (1996). Playing with reality: I. Theory of mind and the normal development of psychic reality. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 77,
217-233.
Martindale, C. (1975). Romantic Progression: The Psychology of Literary History. Washington, D.C.: Hemisphere.
Martindale, C. (1990). The Clockwork Muse: The Predictability of Artistic Change. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Nigro, G., & Neisser, U. (1983). Point of view in personal memories. Cognitive Psychology, 15, 467-482.
Ogden, T. H. (1989). The primitive edge of experience. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson.
Wilson, A. (2006). The development and application of a content analysis dictionary for body boundary research. Literary and Linguistic Computing, 21, 105-110.
Winnicott, D. W, Winnicott, C., Shepherd R, & Madeleine D. (Eds.) (1984). Deprivation and Delinquency. London, UK: Tavistock."
The Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC 2001) text analysis program (Pennebaker, Francis, & Booth, 2001) calculated the percentage of words and semantic content of all American-English (N = 100) and German (N = 100) written dream memories. The results indicated that German dream memories reflected a significantly higher frequency of group-references, articles, positive affect, negative affect, causation words, insight words, certainty words, time references, present tense, spatial words and current concerns references, whereas American-English dream memories used significantly more prepositions, numbers, tentative words, sensory-perceptual processes, past tense, exclusion words and motion words.
An exploratory principal component analysis with an oblimin factor rotation was performed in order to assess the conceptual linguistic function of the factorial dimensions in American-English and German written dream memories. The results identified in total 3 linguistic dimensions that showed partial cross-cultural similarities, for which the factorial dimensions of German dreams included – 1) present tense vs. past tense, 2) exclusion vs. inclusion, 3) spatial references vs. other references. The factorial dimensions of American-English dreams included – 1) first-person singular pronouns vs. first person plural pronouns, 2) spatial references vs. insight, 3) exclusion vs. positive emotion words.
An additional hierarchical cluster follow-up analysis proposed three homogeneous linguistic dimensions within the content of American-English and German dream narratives, including 1) self- and other-references, 2) level of description, 3) space and motion. A cross-cultural difference was identified in the first and second cluster. In German dreams, ‘self- and other-references’ were associated with present tense processes, whereas ‘level of description’ related to past tense processes. Conversely, ‘self- and other-references’ were associated with past tense process and ‘level of description’ related to present tense processes in American-English dreams.
Consequently, the results demonstrated that the frequency of linguistic content and the linguistic structure differed cross-culturally in American-English and German dream narratives, which might indicate that the discursive presentation of dream narratives may be socioculturally moderated (Connor, 1996).
References
Biber, D. (1988). Variations across speech and writing. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Connor, U. (1996). Contrastive rhetoric: Cross-cultural aspects of second-language writing. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Pennebaker, J. W., Francis, M. E., & Booth, R. J. (2001). Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC): LIWC2001. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc."
Previous empirical research employing computer-assisted content analysis focussed predominantly on the frequencies and regularity patterns of body boundary imagery and primary process language in religious texts (Wilson, 2009; West, 1991) and language of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia (West & Martindale, 1988; Fisher, 1970). Surprisingly, linguistic research has not assessed to what extent body boundary imagery and primary process language differ and overlap linguistically in discourse of mystical and psychotic ASC.
Consequently, the present study aimed to assess the strength of associations between body boundary imagery and primary process language in the discourse of mystical and psychotic ASC. It was predicted that body boundary imagery and primary process language would be positively associated in both discourse types. The mystical discourse was based on the English translation of Saint Teresa of Avila’s (1567) "The Way of Perfection” and the psychotic discourse was based on the English translation of Daniel Paul Schreber’s (1903) autobiographical writing “Memoirs of My Nervous Illness”. The latter text specifically formed the basis of Freud’s (1911) classical case study on paranoid schizophrenia, whereas Saint Teresa of Avila has been regarded as one of the principal Spanish mystics of 16th century and a key figure in the reform of the Carmelite order.
The Body Type Dictionary (BTD) (Wilson, 2006) assessed the frequency of body boundary imagery and the Regressive Imagery Dictionary (RID) (Martindale, 1975, 1990) measured the frequency of primary process language. The RID and BTD were applied to both discourse types through the use of the PROTAN content analysis software program (Hogenraad et al., 2003), which calculated the occurrences of body boundary and primary process language within the segments of the mystical (N = 43) and psychotic text (N = 31). The results indicated that the psychotic text used higher frequencies of penetration imagery, z = -2.92, p < .01, and primary process language, z = -6.88, p < .001, as compared to the mystical text. Consistent with the research hypothesis and previous research assumption (Wilson, 2009), penetration imagery was highly positive associated with primary process language, τ = .29, p < .01, in the religious-mystical text. The psychotic text reflected a highly positive association between penetration imagery and barrier imagery only, τ = .47, p < .001, and thus the research hypothesis was partly rejected.
The presentation will draw on contemporary psychoanalytic literature and psychological theories to discuss the function of body boundary awareness and primary process cognition in religious-mystical experiences and formal schizoid thought disorder.
References
Avilia of, St. Teresa (1567) (translated by E. Allison Peers). The Way of Perfection. http://www.ccel.org/ccel/teresa/way.html
Fenichel, O. (1945). The Psychoanalytic Theory of Neurosis. New York: Norton.
Fisher, S. (1970). Body Experience in Fantasy and Behaviour. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Fisher, S., & Cleveland, S. (1958). Body Image and Personality. New York: Van Norstrand Reinhold.
Freud, S. (1900/2001). The Interpretation of Dreams (Standard Edition 4). London: Hogarth Press.
Freud, S. (1911/2001). Psychoanalytic Notes upon an Autobiographical Account of a case of Paranoia (Dementia Paranoides) (Standard Edition 12). London: Hogarth Press.
Hogenraad, R., Daubies, C. & Bestgen, Y. (1995). Une théorie et une méthode générale d’analyse textuelle assistée par ordinateur. Le système PROTAN (PROTocol ANalyzer). (Version du 2 mars 1995) [A general theory and method of computer-aided text analysis: The PROTAN system (PROTocol Analyzer), Version of March 2, 1995] [Computer program]. Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium: Psychology Department, Catholic University of Louvain.
Martindale, C. (1975). Romantic Progression: The Psychology of Literary History. Washington, DC: Hemisphere.
Martindale, C. (1990). The Clockwork Muse: The Predictability of Artistic Change. New York: Basic Books.
Prince, R. & Savage, C. (1966). Mystical states and the concept of regression. Consciousness and Cognition, 15, 500-539.
Schreber, D. P. (1903). Memoirs of My Nervous Illness.
West, A. N. (1991). Primary process content in the King James Bible: The five stages of Christian mysticism. Computers and the Humanities, 25, 227-238.
West, A. N., & Martindale, C. (1988) Primary process content in paranoid schizophrenic speech. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 149, 547-553.
Wilson, A. (2009). Barrier and penetration imagery in altered states of consciousness discourse: replicating the five-stage model of Christian mysticism in the Bible. In W. Oleksy & P. Stalmaszczyk (Eds.), Cognitive Approaches to Language and Linguistic Data: Studies in Honor of Barbara Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk, pp. 357-372. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
Wilson, A. (2006). Development and application of a content analysis dictionary for body boundary research. Literary and Linguistic Computing, 21, 105-110."
The Phenomenology of Language and the Metaphysicalizing of the Real
Fernanda Carrá-Salsberg, Ph.D.
A Psychoanalytic Look into The Effects of Childhood and Adolescent
Migration in Eva Hoffman’s Lost in Translation
David Hafner, Ph.D.
An Introduction to the Transference Unconscious
Rina Stah. Freedman, Ph.D.
Cross-Cultural Treatment Issues in Psychoanalysis
Giuseppe Iurato, Ph.D.
Book Review. Reading Italian Psychoanalysis
Anonymous Author, M.A.
Book Review. Language Disorders in Children and Adolescents
The University of Edinburgh is starting a new research project investigating the views and opinions of researchers who have experience of working at the intersection of linguistics/communication and psychology, including mental health, discourse analysis, conversation analysis, language acquisition, research on bilingualism and psycholinguistics, among other fields of inquiries. Based on what we learn from your views and opinions, this study will identify the overlaps and divisions across the disciplines, and how these may shape the future of linguistics and psychology as interdisciplinary fields of inquiries.
What would I have to do?
If you decide to join in, we will ask you to complete an online survey. Completing the survey should only take 15-20 minutes. The survey is confidential, but some responses may be used as quotes in published research studies but all information that could identify a person or participant will be removed – this means that this part is anonymous too.
This sounds good- how can I get involved?
It is your decision as to whether you wish to be involved in the study. If you would like to take part, then follow this link to access the online survey: https://edinburgh.onlinesurveys.ac.uk/language-and-psychologyx
Thank you for taking the time to read more about the study. I hope you will get involved.
The Language and Mind Research Network is an international and
interdisciplinary network and blog for knowledge exchange in the field of language and the psychological sciences and humanities, ranging from psychotherapy, psychoanalytic theories, philosophy, society, literature and the arts.
The aim is to create an open environment for academics,
practitioners and students to share news and resources related to teaching, development and research in the field of language and the mind.
The network is an excellent opportunity to showcase your research and insights, including short-reports, research abstracts, observations and thoughts. We are also looking forward to your contributions to add to the list of resources for teaching and development, such as relevant books and journal titles as well as annual conferences.
To join and subscribe to the Language and Mind Research Network follow this link: http://www.blogs.hss.ed.ac.uk/language-mind/
We also have a twitter account with daily news relevant to the topic of language and the mind: https://twitter.com/DrLauraACariola
Please distribute widely among your colleagues and students!
With very best wishes,
the blog's hosts,
Dr. Laura A. Cariola and Prof. Matthias Schwannauer
The seminars will encourage collaborative work and the development of skills for language‐based psychotherapy research, and also to develop greater awareness of person‐centred communicative processes within the psychotherapeutic context.
ALL ARE WELCOME but spaces are limited. Please contact laura.cariola@ed.ac.uk to reserve your place for the KE seminars.