Papers by ANTHONY BUSUTTIL
FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology, 2004
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European Journal of Endocrinology, 1984
The subcellular distribution of zinc and its interaction with androgens has been examined in the ... more The subcellular distribution of zinc and its interaction with androgens has been examined in the benign and malignant human prostate. Endogenously, most of the zinc was associated with the nuclear fraction but significant concentrations were also found in the cytosol. Furthermore, the epithelium contained more zinc than that found in either the stroma or the intact gland. Zinc concentrations were lower in the subcellular fractions of the cancerous tissue when compared to hyperplastic specimens. In vitro uptake of zinc into prostatic homogenates was rapid and at equilibrium the binding was stable for both the 4 degrees C and the 37 degrees C incubations. At low zinc concentrations (less than or equal to 5 mM) the uptake was higher in the nucleus, whereas at higher concentrations, the cancerous tissue exhibited a greater capacity for the metal which was predominantly retained by the cytosol. Our data suggest the presence of a saturable zinc retention mechanism in the nucleus. The zinc uptake was found to be independent of any added androgen. In contrast, the total androgen uptake by prostate was significantly enhanced by the addition of zinc. This effect was not due to increases in the nuclear and cytosolic receptor binding since zinc inhibited the binding of the androgen to these receptors.
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The Importance of Host Genetics, 2003
CHAPTER 11 Blood group phenotypes and infectious diseases C Caroline Blackwell Discipline of Immu... more CHAPTER 11 Blood group phenotypes and infectious diseases C Caroline Blackwell Discipline of Immunology and Microbiology and Hunter Immunology Unit, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia; Institute for Scientific Evaluation of Naturopathy, University of ...
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Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine, 1995
Fractures of the hyoid bone are known to occur in 17-71% of fatalities following manual strangula... more Fractures of the hyoid bone are known to occur in 17-71% of fatalities following manual strangulation, but are infrequently recognised in survivors. Two cases are presented of attempted manual strangulation in young women (aged 30 and 35 years) in which lateral neck X-rays disclosed an isolated fracture of the greater horn of the hyoid bone. In both cases the X-rays were performed because the victim complained of symptoms: one victim complained of pain on swallowing and on neck movement. The other complained of pain on speaking and swallowing. Radiological demonstration of an isolated hyoid fracture is of great evidential value in criminal proceedings in cases of attempted manual strangulation, especially when presentation to the police authorities is delayed and external evidence of neck injury may be minimal. Consideration should be given to obtaining X-rays in those cases where symptoms persist.
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Fems Immunology and Medical Microbiology, Sep 1, 2004
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Clinical Otolaryngology Allied Sciences, Aug 1, 1977
Salivary tissue shows inflammatory changes, atrophy, replacement fibrosis, marked pleomorphism an... more Salivary tissue shows inflammatory changes, atrophy, replacement fibrosis, marked pleomorphism and atypia of the acinar epithelium and oncocytic metaplasia in the months following irradiation. The ductular epithelium undergoes squamous changes and within the ductular lumina, secretions become inspissated. The underlying pathogenetic mechanisms for these late irradiation induced changes may be the combination of a direct irradiation effect on acinar epithelium in association with post-obstructive inflammation and ischaemia, secondary to irradiation-induced endarteritis; however, these morphological changes observed may only be the result of an unusual repair phenomenon that salivary tissue is known to go through after any form of noxious stimulation. These histological alterations may lead to a possible misdiagnosis of malignancy in surgical specimens.
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Journal of Clinical Forensic Medicine, 2000
Two cases of blunt myocardial injury to the region of the anterior descending branch of the left ... more Two cases of blunt myocardial injury to the region of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery causing death are described. In one case, direct injury appeared to have resulted in myocardial infarction, whereas in the other, cardiac arrhythmia (possibly secondary to coronary artery spasm) was implicated. Although apparently uncommon, deaths following blunt injury to the coronary arteries may cause death, but are difficult to predict and prevent.
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Urol Res, 1989
Flow cytometry of 20 prostate cancer specimens was carried out and the percentage DNA content in ... more Flow cytometry of 20 prostate cancer specimens was carried out and the percentage DNA content in each phase of the cell cycle was correlated to the 5 alpha-reductase activity of the tumour. A group of 20 hyperplastic specimens was also entered into this study as control. Tumours were divided into 3 groups on the basis of their 5 alpha-reductase activity. This classification made it possible to identify a group of tumours of which none formed metastases (diploid tumours with 5 alpha-reductase activity greater than 20 pmol/mg protein/30 min and with less than 10% of the cells undergoing mitosis) and a second group of which 78% had metastasised at the time of presentation (diploid tumours with 5 alpha-reductase activity less than 10 pmol/mg protein/30 min and with more than 15% of the cells undergoing mitosis). DNA content within each of the 5 alpha-reductase groups appeared also to correlate with the histological grade of the cancer but no relationship was established with the stage of the disease. Our results suggest that a multi factorial discriminant combining DNA ploidy and 5 alpha-reductase measurements offers a good prognostic index for the assessment of disease progression in prostate cancer and that this might form the basis of a new approach to the treatment of this disease.
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Fems Immunology and Medical Microbiology, Jun 1, 1994
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J Trauma, 2001
... Congenital lesions of the vertebral column. In: Carty H, Shaw D, Brunelle F, Kendall B, eds. ... more ... Congenital lesions of the vertebral column. In: Carty H, Shaw D, Brunelle F, Kendall B, eds. ... Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey Prenatal Diagnosis and Management of Intrauterine FractureMorgan, J; Marcus, P Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, 65(4): 249-259. ...
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Cancer, Jun 1, 1985
A patient is described with an unusual presentation of ulcerating skin lesions in Philadelphia ch... more A patient is described with an unusual presentation of ulcerating skin lesions in Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic granulocytic leukaemia. Treatment with topical mustine ointment (nitrogen mustard, mechlorethamine) achieved a good palliative result.
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Human Immunology, Oct 31, 2006
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Fems Immunol Med Microbiol, 2004
We tested the hypothesis that significantly higher IL-1β responses to toxic shock syndrome toxin ... more We tested the hypothesis that significantly higher IL-1β responses to toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST) noted for parents of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) infants might be due in part to genetic factors such as the IL-1β (C-511T) and IL-1RN (T + 2018C) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). The first objective was to assess the distribution of these polymorphisms among SIDS infants, parents of SIDS infants and controls, and two ethnic groups: Aboriginal Australians who have a high incidence of SIDS; and Bangladeshis who in Britain have a low incidence of SIDS compared with Europeans. The second objective was to assess IL-1β responses to endotoxin and toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST) from leukocytes of smokers and non-smokers in relation to these polymorphisms. There were major differences in the distributions of the IL-1β (C-511T) SNP between Europeans and Bangladeshis (p=0.00) and between Europeans and Aboriginal Australians (p=0.00); however, they were similar for the Bangladeshi and Aboriginal Australian subjects. The allele frequency distribution of the IL-1RN (T + 2018C) SNP for the Aboriginal Australians was statistically different from the European group (p=0.00), but it was not different from the Bangladeshi group (p=0.09). Compared with controls of European origin, there were no significant differences in the distribution of these polymorphisms among SIDS infants or parents of SIDS infants. For the IL-1β (C-511T) SNP, the highest IL-1β responses to endotoxin were obtained with leukocytes of non-smokers with the heterozygous CT genotype. Smokers had significantly lower levels of IL-1β in response to endotoxin (p=0.01) and these differences were significant for donors with the wild type CC (p=0.00) and CT (p=0.03) genotypes. Similar patterns were observed for IL-1β responses to TSST, but the differences were not significant. For the IL-1RN (T + 2018C) SNP, the highest IL-1β responses to endotoxin were obtained with leukocytes from non-smoker donors with the wildtype TT genotype and significantly lower responses were found with leukocytes from donors with the TC genotype (p=0.02). The responses of smokers were lower but the differences were significant only for donors with the TT genotype (p=0.00). Similar patterns were observed for IL-1β responses to TSST, but the differences were not significant. IL-1β responses to both endotoxin and TSST were increased for the small number of smokers with the TT genotype of the IL-1β (C-511T) SNP. The TT genotype of the IL-1β (C-511T) was found predominantly among Aboriginal Australian and Bangladeshi individuals but only a small proportion of Europeans. Smokers with the AA genotype of the IL-10 (G-1082A) SNP which is found predominantly among these two groups had significantly lower levels of IL-10 responses. If cigarette smoke enhances pro-inflammatory responses and reduces anti-inflammatory responses in individuals with these genotypes, this might partly explain the increased susceptibility of Aboriginal Australian infants to infections and SIDS.
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Urol Res, 1989
Flow cytometry of 20 prostate cancer specimens was carried out and the percentage DNA content in ... more Flow cytometry of 20 prostate cancer specimens was carried out and the percentage DNA content in each phase of the cell cycle was correlated to the 5 alpha-reductase activity of the tumour. A group of 20 hyperplastic specimens was also entered into this study as control. Tumours were divided into 3 groups on the basis of their 5 alpha-reductase activity. This classification made it possible to identify a group of tumours of which none formed metastases (diploid tumours with 5 alpha-reductase activity greater than 20 pmol/mg protein/30 min and with less than 10% of the cells undergoing mitosis) and a second group of which 78% had metastasised at the time of presentation (diploid tumours with 5 alpha-reductase activity less than 10 pmol/mg protein/30 min and with more than 15% of the cells undergoing mitosis). DNA content within each of the 5 alpha-reductase groups appeared also to correlate with the histological grade of the cancer but no relationship was established with the stage of the disease. Our results suggest that a multi factorial discriminant combining DNA ploidy and 5 alpha-reductase measurements offers a good prognostic index for the assessment of disease progression in prostate cancer and that this might form the basis of a new approach to the treatment of this disease.
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The Journal of Urology, 1989
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Human Amp Experimental Toxicology, Aug 1, 1994
... documentation of SEFI in the LBRS except in Government publica-tions of annual mortalitystati... more ... documentation of SEFI in the LBRS except in Government publica-tions of annual mortalitystatistics. ... engine had stopped while the ignition was in the 'on' position; the battery was flat in ... Figure 3 a: Seasonal variation of suicidal exhaust fume inhalation compared with all suicide ...
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International Journal of Colorectal Disease, Nov 1, 1987
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Medicine, science, and the law, 2001
Pedestrian fatalities following collisions with heavy goods vehicles ('lorries') in south... more Pedestrian fatalities following collisions with heavy goods vehicles ('lorries') in south-east Scotland were studied between 1992 and 1998. Data sources included police and ambulance reports, forensic medicine records, hospital casenotes and the Scottish Trauma Audit Group database. All injuries were scored according to the Abbreviated Injury Scale, yielding Injury Severity Scores (ISS). Sixteen pedestrians (mean age 60.2 years) died after being hit by a lorry. Actions of pedestrians were implicated in causing all the collisions--four of which appeared to be suicides. Four of the apparently accidental deaths involved pedestrians with significant blood alcohol levels. Thirteen pedestrians were dead when found. Ten pedestrians had an ISS of 75, having a total of 13 injuries acknowledged to be unsurvivable (Abbreviated Injury Scale = 6), largely to the head and chest. The unsurvivable injuries reflect huge forces, explaining why only a small proportion of the pedestrians surviv...
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Medicine, science, and the law, 1997
The association between house fire fatalities and high blood-alcohol concentrations has been reco... more The association between house fire fatalities and high blood-alcohol concentrations has been recognized as a particular problem in Scotland. Alcohol intoxication increases the risk of the outbreak of fire and decreases the intoxicated individual's ability to effect an escape. This survey investigates the reported blood-alcohol concentrations from all Scottish fire fatalities during the 11-year period 1980-90 and analyses the data by age, sex, year and geographical location. Alcohol intoxication in fires is shown both to be a national problem and one relevant to females as well as males. Fire prevention campaigns must continue to emphasize the risk of consuming excessive quantities of alcohol in the home whilst parallel efforts to reduce the objective risk should be encouraged.
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Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 1994
A review of 400 completed suicides encountered during a 5-year period (January 1987-December 1991... more A review of 400 completed suicides encountered during a 5-year period (January 1987-December 1991) in the Lothian and Borders Region of Scotland (LBRS) was conducted. The incidence was 9.4 per 100,000 with a M:F ratio of 2.4:1; the elderly had a significantly higher (P < 0.001) rate (9.9 per 100,000) compared to adolescents (3.3 per 100,000). Significantly (P < 0.001) more cases occurred in the rural communities. Overall, the peak incidence was in the 45- to 54-year age group. Drug overdose was the most common (39%) method used by both sexes and in both urban and rural communities; it was the first choice for virtually all age groups, and females exhibited greater preference. Analgesics and tricyclic antidepressants were the most common drugs used. Hanging (19.8%) was popular among the young and the elderly (> 64 years) suicides. Inhalation of car exhaust (13.3%) was a rural phenomenon and was common in the 25- to 54-year age group. Jumping from heights (9.8%) was more comm...
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