The original 2000 AMBR project sought to evaluate how well four human performance models simulated behavior of human participants. Participants and models completed a modified version of an air traffic control task and were compared on the dimensions of ...

This paper proposes to use eye movements to characterize the performance of individuals in reviewing source code of computer programs. We first present an integrated environment to measure and record the eye movements of the code reviewers. Based on the ...

Program comprehension processes have previously been studied using methodologies such as think-aloud or comprehension summary analysis. Eye-tracking, however, has not been previously widely applied to studies of behavioral aspects of programming. We ...

Eye tracking has long held the promise of being a useful methodology for human computer interaction. However, a number of barriers have stood in the way of the integration of eye tracking into everyday applications, including the intrusiveness, ...

Eye-gaze as a form of human machine interface holds great promise for improving the way we interact with machines. Eye-gaze tracking devices that are non-contact, non-restrictive, accurate and easy to use will increase the appeal for including eye-gaze ...

This paper describes an empathic software agent (ESA) interface using eye movement information to facilitate empathy-relevant reasoning and behavior. Eye movement tracking is used to monitor user's attention and interests, and to personalize the agent ...

Eye trackers have been used as pointing devices for a number of years. Due to inherent limitations in the accuracy of eye gaze, however, interaction is limited to objects spanning at least one degree of visual angle. Consequently, targets in gaze-based ...

The complex interplay between gaze tracker accuracy and interface design is the focus of this paper. Two slightly different variants of GazeTalk, a hierarchical typing interface, were contrasted with a novel interface, Dasher, in which text entry is ...

Eye-control as an interaction mechanism for desktop computers was proposed already long time ago (e.g.; [Bolt 1982]). However, few systematic approaches to universal design guidelines and interaction elements for gaze-controlled user interfaces have ...

The World Wide Web has become an important source of information, as much as traditional media like books, newspapers, and television. While there have been many studies on Web searching, research into Web-viewing behavior using eye-tracking systems has ...

A lot of multimedia learning materials and software have been developed as learning tools. Their usability for learning has not often been discussed, however. The issue of system usabilty is often considered regarding various other processes, but ...

Recently, with continued advances in information technology, there is an ever-growing amount of information accumulated on the World Wide Web. At the same time, the need to make this information accessible to any person who needs it becomes a serious ...

Besides the work of Hella [1991], few studies exist on the visual behavior and visual needs of operators of powered industrial vehicles. Lift trucks, as an example, serve a useful purpose in industry but are also involved in occupational injuries and ...

Next-generation immersive virtual environments and video games will require virtual agents with human-like visual attention and gaze behaviors. A critical step is to devise efficient visual processing heuristics to select locations that would attract ...

Salient stimuli, such as color or motion contrasts, attract human attention, thus providing a fast heuristic for focusing limited neural resources on behaviorally relevant sensory inputs. Here we address the following questions: What types of saliency ...

Throughout the history of gaze tracking, there have been several dimensions along which the evolution of gaze-based communication can be viewed. Perhaps the most important of these dimensions is the ease of use, or usability, of systems incorporating ...