article

Maté: a tiny virtual machine for sensor networks

Authors:

David CullerAuthors Info & Claims

ACM SIGPLAN Notices, Volume 37, Issue 10

Pages 85 - 95

https://doi.org/10.1145/605432.605407

Published: 01 October 2002 Publication History

Abstract

Composed of tens of thousands of tiny devices with very limited resources ("motes"), sensor networks are subject to novel systems problems and constraints. The large number of motes in a sensor network means that there will often be some failing nodes; networks must be easy to repopulate. Often there is no feasible method to recharge motes, so energy is a precious resource. Once deployed, a network must be reprogrammable although physically unreachable, and this reprogramming can be a significant energy cost.We present Maté, a tiny communication-centric virtual machine designed for sensor networks. Maté's high-level interface allows complex programs to be very short (under 100 bytes), reducing the energy cost of transmitting new programs. Code is broken up into small capsules of 24 instructions, which can self-replicate through the network. Packet sending and reception capsules enable the deployment of ad-hoc routing and data aggregation algorithms. Maté's concise, high-level program representation simplifies programming and allows large networks to be frequently reprogrammed in an energy-efficient manner; in addition, its safe execution environment suggests a use of virtual machines to provide the user/kernel boundary on motes that have no hardware protection mechanisms.

References

[1]

Smart buildings admit their faults. Lab Notes: Research from the College of Engineering, UC Berkeley. http://cos.berkeley.edu/labnotes/1101.smartbuildings.html, 2001.

[2]

Small Times: Big News in Small Tech. http://www.smalltimes.com

[3]

Edouard Bugnion, Scott Devine, and Mendel Rosenblum. Disco: Running Commodity Operating Systems on Scalable Multiprocessors. In Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, 1997.

Digital Library

[4]

David Culler, Anurag Sah, Klaus Schauser, Thorsten von Eicken and John Wawrzynek. Fine-grain Parallelism with Minimal Hardware Support: A Compiler-Controlled Threaded Abstract Machine. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, 1991.

Digital Library

[5]

Lloyd I. Dickman. Small Virtual Machines: A Survey. In Proceedings of the Workshop on Virtual Computer Systems, 1973.

Digital Library

[6]

Wolfgang Emmerich, Cecilia Mascolo, and Anthony Finkelstein. Implementing Incremental Code Migration with XML. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Software Engineering, 2000.

Digital Library

[7]

Deborah Estrin, Ramesh Govindan, John Heidemann, and Satish Kumar. Next Century Challenges: Scalable Coordination in Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, 1999.

Digital Library

[8]

Virginie Galtier, Kevin L. Mills, Yannick Carlinet, Stefan Leigh, and Andrew Rukhin. Expressing Meaningful Processing Requirements Among Heterogeneous Nodes in an Active Network. In Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Software and Performance, 2000.

Digital Library

[9]

John Heidemann, Fabio Silva, Shalermek Intanagonwiwat, Ramesh Govindan (USC/ISI), Deborah Estrin, Deepak Ganesan (UCLA). Building Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks with Low-Level Naming. In Proceedings of the 18th ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles, 2001.

Digital Library

[10]

Jason Hill and David Culler. A wireless embedded sensor architecture for system-level optimization. Intel Research IRB-TR-02-00N, 2002.

[11]

Jason Hill, Robert Szewczyk, Alec Woo, Seth Hollar, David Culler, and Kristofer Pister. System Architecture Directions for Networked Sensors. In the Ninth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, 2000.

Digital Library

[12]

Victor Hsu, Joseph M. Kahn, and Kristofer Pister. Wireless Communications for Smart Dust. Electronics Research Laboratory Technical Memorandum Number M98/2, 1998.

[13]

Chalermek Intanagonwiwat, Deborah Estrin, Ramesh Govindan, and John Heidemann. Impact of Network Density on Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks. Technical Report 01-750, University of Southern California Computer Science Department, 2001.

[14]

Chalermek Intanagonwiwat, Ramesh Govindan, and Deborah Estrin. Directed Diffusion: A Scalable and Robust Communication Paradigm for Sensor Networks. In Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, 2000.

Digital Library

[15]

Java 2 Platform Micro Edition (J2ME) Technology for Creating Mobile Devices White Paper. http://java.sun.com/j2me/docs/

[16]

Java Card Technology. http://java.sun.com/products/javacard/

[17]

Richard K. Johnsson, John D. Wick. An Overview of the Mesa Processor Architecture. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems, 1982.

Digital Library

[18]

Joseph M. Kahn, Randy H. Katz, Kristofer Pister. Next Century Challenges: Mobile Networking for "Smart Dust." In Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, 1999.

Digital Library

[19]

Philip J. Koopman, Jr. Modern Stack Computer Architecture. In System Design and Network Architecture Conference, 1990.

[20]

Tim Lindholm and Frank Yellin. The Java Virtual Machine Specification, Second Edition. Addison-Wesley, 1999.

Digital Library

[21]

Samuel R. Madden, Michael J. Franklin, Joseph M. Hellerstein, and Wei Hong. TAG: A Tiny AGgregation Service for Ad-Hoc Sensor Networks. In submission.

[22]

Samuel R. Madden, Mehul A. Shah, Joseph M. Hellerstein, and Vijayshankar Raman. Continuously Adaptive Continuous Queries over Streams. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data, 2002.

Digital Library

[23]

Alan Mainwaring, private communication, 2002.

[24]

Dejan S. Milojicic, Fred Douglas, Yves Paindaveine, Richard Wheeler, and Songnian Zhou. Process Migration. In ACM Computing Surveys, Volume 32, Issue 3, September 2000.

Digital Library

[25]

Charles H. Moore and Geoffrey C. Leach. FORTH - A Language for Interactive Computing. 1970.

[26]

Michael Noakes, Deborah Wallach, and William J. Dally. The J-Machine Multicomputer: An Architectural Evaluation. In Proceedings of the 20th International Symposium on Computer Architecture, 1993.

Digital Library

[27]

Brian D. Noble, M. Satyanarayanan, Dushyanth Narayanan, James Eric Tilton, Jason Flinn and Kevin R. Walker. Agile application-aware adaptation for mobility. In Proceedings of the Sixteenth ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles, 1997.

Digital Library

[28]

Charles E. Perkins, Elizabeth M. Belding-Royer, and Samir Das. Ad Hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing. IETF Internet draft, draft-ietf-manet-aodv-09.txt, November 2001 (Work in Progress).

Digital Library

[29]

Adrian Perrig, Robert Szewczyk, Victor Wen, David Culler and J. D. Tygar. SPINS: Security Protocols for Sensor Networks. In The Proceedings of Mobicom 2001, 2001.

Digital Library

[30]

Phillip Stanley-Marbell and Liviu Iftode. Scylla: A Smart Virtual Machine for Mobile Embedded Systems. In Proceedings of The 3rd IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications, 2000.

Digital Library

[31]

Robert Szewczyk, private communcation, 2002.

[32]

David L. Tennenhouse and David J. Wetherall. Towards an Active Network Architecture. In Computer Communication Review, Vol. 26, No. 2, April 1996.

Digital Library

[33]

Thorsten von Eicken, David Culler, Seth Goldstein, and Klaus Schauser. Active Messages: A Mechanism for Integrated Communication and Computation. In Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Computer Architecture, 1992.

Digital Library

[34]

David J. Wetherall, John V. Guttag and David L. Tennenhouse. ANTS: A Toolkit for Building and Dynamically Deploying Network Protocols. IEEE OPENARCH '98, 1998.

[35]

Alexander L. Wolf, Dennis Heimbigner, John Knight, Premkumar Devanbu, Michael Gertz, and Antonio Carzaniga. Bend, Don't Break: Using Reconfiguration to Achieve Survivability. Third Information Survivability Workshop, October 2000.

Cited By

Watson JAgrawal STsang RLuo SPopa RDutta P(2024)Retcon: Live Updates for Embedded Event-Driven Applications2024 23rd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN)10.1109/IPSN61024.2024.00015(126-137)Online publication date: 13-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/IPSN61024.2024.00015
O'Leary LFeeley M(2023)A Compact and Extensible Portable Scheme VMCompanion Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on the Art, Science, and Engineering of Programming10.1145/3594671.3594672(3-6)Online publication date: 13-Mar-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3594671.3594672
Lubbers MKoopman PRamsingh ASinger JTrinder P(2023)Could Tierless Languages Reduce IoT Development Grief?ACM Transactions on Internet of Things10.1145/35729014:1(1-35)Online publication date: 23-Feb-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3572901
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Maté: a tiny virtual machine for sensor networks
1. Networks
  1. Network types
    1. Mobile networks

Recommendations

Maté: a tiny virtual machine for sensor networks
Special Issue: Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems

Composed of tens of thousands of tiny devices with very limited resources ("motes"), sensor networks are subject to novel systems problems and constraints. The large number of motes in a sensor network means that there will often be some failing nodes; ...
Maté: a tiny virtual machine for sensor networks

Composed of tens of thousands of tiny devices with very limited resources ("motes"), sensor networks are subject to novel systems problems and constraints. The large number of motes in a sensor network means that there will often be some failing nodes; ...
Maté: a tiny virtual machine for sensor networks
ASPLOS X: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems

Composed of tens of thousands of tiny devices with very limited resources ("motes"), sensor networks are subject to novel systems problems and constraints. The large number of motes in a sensor network means that there will often be some failing nodes; ...

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM SIGPLAN Notices

ACM SIGPLAN Notices Volume 37, Issue 10

October 2002

296 pages

ISSN:0362-1340

EISSN:1558-1160

DOI:10.1145/605432

Issue’s Table of Contents

ASPLOS X: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
October 2002
318 pages
ISBN:1581135742
DOI:10.1145/605397
Conference Chair:
Kourosh Gharachorloo
Compaq Western Research Lab
,
Program Chair:
David A. Wood

Copyright © 2002 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 01 October 2002

Published in SIGPLAN Volume 37, Issue 10

Check for updates

Qualifiers

Article

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

751
Total Citations
View Citations
3,675
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)27
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)4

Reflects downloads up to 10 Nov 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Watson JAgrawal STsang RLuo SPopa RDutta P(2024)Retcon: Live Updates for Embedded Event-Driven Applications2024 23rd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks (IPSN)10.1109/IPSN61024.2024.00015(126-137)Online publication date: 13-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/IPSN61024.2024.00015
O'Leary LFeeley M(2023)A Compact and Extensible Portable Scheme VMCompanion Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on the Art, Science, and Engineering of Programming10.1145/3594671.3594672(3-6)Online publication date: 13-Mar-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3594671.3594672
Lubbers MKoopman PRamsingh ASinger JTrinder P(2023)Could Tierless Languages Reduce IoT Development Grief?ACM Transactions on Internet of Things10.1145/35729014:1(1-35)Online publication date: 23-Feb-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3572901
Gu QKe W(2023)Typing Composable Coroutines2023 12th International Conference on Computer Technologies and Development (TechDev)10.1109/TechDev61156.2023.00011(16-23)Online publication date: 14-Oct-2023
https://doi.org/10.1109/TechDev61156.2023.00011
Qureshi KNewe TJeon GChehri A(2023)Internet of Everything: Evolution and Fundamental ConceptsCybersecurity Vigilance and Security Engineering of Internet of Everything10.1007/978-3-031-45162-1_1(3-20)Online publication date: 1-Dec-2023
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-45162-1_1
Grimsley RMarineau MIannucci B(2022)Experiences in LP-IoTProceedings of the 1st ACM Workshop on No Power and Low Power Internet-of-Things10.1145/3477085.3478988(1-7)Online publication date: 31-Jan-2022
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3477085.3478988
Srivastava AHarizan SKumar RKhare APrabaharan S(2022)Energy Optimization in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Mobile Agents2022 International Conference on Smart Generation Computing, Communication and Networking (SMART GENCON)10.1109/SMARTGENCON56628.2022.10084215(1-6)Online publication date: 23-Dec-2022
https://doi.org/10.1109/SMARTGENCON56628.2022.10084215
Petri IChirila IGomes HBifet ARana O(2022)Resource-Aware Edge-Based Stream AnalyticsIEEE Internet Computing10.1109/MIC.2022.315247826:4(79-88)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2022
https://doi.org/10.1109/MIC.2022.3152478
Li JZhang YQian C(2022)The enhanced resource modeling and real-time transmission technologies for Digital Twin based on QoS considerationsRobotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing10.1016/j.rcim.2021.10228475(102284)Online publication date: Jun-2022
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcim.2021.102284
Hakala ITan X(2020)A Statecharts-Based Approach for WSN Application DevelopmentJournal of Sensor and Actuator Networks10.3390/jsan90400459:4(45)Online publication date: 25-Sep-2020
https://doi.org/10.3390/jsan9040045
Show More Cited By

View Options

Get Access

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Issue’s Table of Contents