article

SchemaSQL: An extension to SQL for multidatabase interoperability

Authors:

Laks V. S. Lakshmanan,

Fereidoon Sadri,

Subbu N. SubramanianAuthors Info & Claims

ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS), Volume 26, Issue 4

Pages 476 - 519

https://doi.org/10.1145/503099.503102

Published: 01 December 2001 Publication History

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Abstract

We provide a principled extension of SQL, called SchemaSQL, that offers the capability of uniform manipulation of data and schema in relational multidatabase systems. We develop a precise syntax and semantics of SchemaSQL in a manner that extends traditional SQL syntax and semantics, and demonstrate the following. (1) SchemaSQL retains the flavor of SQL while supporting querying of both data and schema. (2) It can be used to transform data in a database in a structure substantially different from original database, in which data and schema may be interchanged. (3) It also permits the creation of views whose schema is dynamically dependent on the contents of the input instance. (4) While aggregation in SQL is restricted to values occurring in one column at a time, SchemaSQL permits "horizontal" aggregation and even aggregation over more general "blocks" of information. (5) SchemaSQL provides a useful facility for interoperability and data/schema manipulation in relational multidatabase systems. We provide many examples to illustrate our claims. We clearly spell out the formal semantics of SchemaSQL that accounts for all these features. We describe an architecture for the implementation of SchemaSQL and develop implementation algorithms based on available database technology that allows for powerful integration of SQL based relational DBMS. We also discuss the applicability of SchemaSQL for handling semantic heterogeneity arising in a multidatabase system.

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Index Terms

SchemaSQL: An extension to SQL for multidatabase interoperability
1. Computer systems organization
  1. Architectures
    1. Other architectures
      1. Heterogeneous (hybrid) systems
2. Information systems
  1. Data management systems

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Reviews

Reviewer: Vasant B. Kaujalgi

Modern information systems are very complex, due to wide area networks with Internet links, distributed databases, and the general characteristics of online systems. Therefore, the present version of structured query language (SQL) may not meet user expectations in the distributed database environment. This effort by Lakshmanan, Sadri, and Subramanian makes an attempt to enhance SQL in order to meet such additional processing requirements. Distributed databases may be on different operating systems (OS), hardware, and data models, using different database management systems (DBMS). Traditionally, information system applications were designed based on the functional units of an organization, and were designed independently. Supporting cross-queries and interoperability among units was therefore a difficult task once the information systems were networked. The authors propose a multidatabase system (MDBS) for such a computing environment. The main problems are identified based on semantic, syntactic, and system problems. This paper focuses on syntactic and query language facilities for specific interoperability needs in the distributed databases. The authors identify the main features of an enhanced SQL as having independence from the target databases; having the ability to restructure a database; being built on the standard SQL; and being successful in implementation. Their enhanced SQL, SchemaSQL, is designed to allow uniform manipulation of data and metadata. The syntax of SchemaSQL allows processing of different databases. Additional variables can be declared. Many features of aggregation have been included, and the aggregation facility has been enhanced for horizontal and block level aggregation. SchemaSQL semantics allow fixed output schema and dynamic output schema, and support dynamic characteristics for output schema, with the ability to restructure views. The most interesting features of the paper concern the details of SchemaSQL’s implementation. An architecture for SchemaSQL is proposed. Algorithms are included for fixed and dynamic output schema. Certain optimization ideas are indicated for the SchemaSQL implementation. The authors claim that SchemaSQL can tackle semantic heterogeneity, which is required for accessing different databases. The paper ends by comparing SchemaSQL with recent extensions to standard SQL, such as MSQL, XSQL, HOSQL, OSQL, and Uni SQL/M. The authors claim that SchemaSQL may be useful in online analytical processing (OLAP). SchemaSQL may also help in data mining applications. The paper has a list of ideas for future research on this topic. The paper is relevant to researchers working on query languages for distributed databases. It has sufficient technical depth to allow the concepts to be implemented. The authors have contributed to present knowledge about querying distributed databases in a complex information system. Online Computing Reviews Service

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cover image ACM Transactions on Database Systems

ACM Transactions on Database Systems Volume 26, Issue 4

December 2001

135 pages

ISSN:0362-5915

EISSN:1557-4644

DOI:10.1145/503099

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Published: 01 December 2001

Published in TODS Volume 26, Issue 4

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