research-article

Driving with the Fishes: Towards Calming and Mindful Virtual Reality Experiences for the Car

Authors:

Pablo E. Paredes,

Stephanie Balters,

Elizabeth L. Murnane,

Francisco Ordóñez,

James A. LandayAuthors Info & Claims

Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies, Volume 2, Issue 4

Article No.: 184, Pages 1 - 21

https://doi.org/10.1145/3287062

Published: 27 December 2018 Publication History

Abstract

We present the use of in-car virtual reality (VR) as a way to create calm, mindful experiences for passengers and, someday, autonomous vehicle occupants. Specifically, we describe a series of studies aimed at exploring appropriate VR content, understanding the influence of car movement, and determining the length and other parameters of the simulation to avoid physical discomfort. Overall, our quantitative and qualitative insights suggest calm VR applications are well suited to an automotive context. Testing combinations of VR content designed to provide the participant with a static or dynamic experience versus stationary and moving vehicle modes, we find that a simulated experience of diving in the ocean while in a moving car elicited significantly lower levels of autonomic arousal as compared with a static VR plus stationary car condition. No significant motion sickness effects were subjectively reported by participants nor observable in the data, though a crossover interaction effect reveals how incongruence between the movement of the car and movement in VR could affect nausea. We conclude with recommendations for the design of calming and mindful VR experiences in moving vehicles.

Supplementary Material

paredes (paredes.zip)

Supplemental movie, appendix, image and software files for, Driving with the Fishes: Towards Calming and Mindful Virtual Reality Experiences for the Car

Download
46.69 MB

References

[1]

Hironori Akiduki, Suetaka Nishiike, Hiroshi Watanabe, Katsunori Matsuoka, Takeshi Kubo, and Noriaki Takeda. 2003. Visual-vestibular conflict induced by virtual reality in humans. Neuroscience Letters 340, 3 (2003), 197--200.

[2]

Judith Amores and Pattie Maes. 2016. Influencing human behavior by means of subliminal stimuli using scent, light and brain computer interfaces. In Proceedings of the 9th ACM International Conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments. ACM, 62.

Digital Library

[3]

Judith Amores, Robert Richer, Nan Zhao, Pattie Maes, and Bjoern M Eskofier. 2018. Promoting Relaxation Using Virtual Reality, Olfactory Interfaces and Wearable EEG. (2018).

[4]

Stephanie Balters, Elizabeth Murnane, James A. Landay, and Pablo E. Paredes. 2018. Breath Booster! Exploring In-Car, Fast-Paced Breathing Interventions to Enhance Driver Arousal State. In Pervasive Health '18 - Proceedings of the 12th EAI International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare.

Digital Library

[5]

Frank Biocca and Ben Delaney. 1995. Immersive virtual reality technology. Communication in the age of virtual reality (1995), 57--124.

Digital Library

[6]

Nataly Birbeck, Shaun Lawson, Kellie Morrissey, Tim Rapley, and Patrick Olivier. 2017. Self Harmony: rethinking hackathons to design and critique digital technologies for those affected by self-harm. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 146--157.

Digital Library

[7]

Olaf Blanke. 2012. Multisensory brain mechanisms of bodily self-consciousness. Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2012).

[8]

Cristina Botella, Azucena Garcia-Palacios, Yolanda Vizcaíno, Rocio Herrero, Rosa Maria Baños, and Miguel Angel Belmonte. 2013. Virtual reality in the treatment of fibromyalgia: a pilot study. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 16, 3 (2013), 215--223.

[9]

Richard E. Boyatzis. 1998. Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code development. sage.

[10]

Kirk W. Brown and Richard M. Ryan. 2003. The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 84, 4 (2003), 822--848.

[11]

Grigore C. Burdea. 1999. Haptic Feedback for Virtual Reality. Virtual Reality and Prototyping Workshop 2, June (1999), 17--29.

[12]

Rafael A. Calvo and Dorian Peters. 2012. Positive computing: technology for a wiser world. interactions (2012), 28--31.

Digital Library

[13]

Carolina Cruz-Neira, Daniel J. Sandin, Thomas A. DeFanti, Robert V. Kenyon, and John C. Hart. 1992. The CAVE: audio visual experience automatic virtual environment. Commun. ACM 35, 6 (1992), 64--72.

Digital Library

[14]

Char Davies and John Harrison. 1996. Osmose: towards broadening the aesthetics of virtual reality. ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics 30, 4 (1996), 25--28.

Digital Library

[15]

Piotr Didyk, Elmar Eisemann, Tobias Ritschel, Karol Myszkowski, and Hans-Peter Seidel. 2010. Perceptually-motivated real-time temporal upsampling of 3D content for high-refresh-rate displays. In Computer Graphics Forum, Vol. 29. Wiley Online Library, 713--722.

[16]

Johan Engström, Emma Johansson, and Joakim Östlund. 2005. Effects of visual and cognitive load in real and simulated motorway driving. Transportation research part F: traffic psychology and behaviour 8, 2 (2005), 97--120.

[17]

Jesse Fox, Jeremy N. Bailenson, and Tony Ricciardi. 2012. Physiological responses to virtual selves and virtual others. Journal of CyberTherapy & Rehabilitation 5, 1 (2012), 69--73.

[18]

Shaun Gallagher. 2000. Philosophical conceptions of the self: Implications for cognitive science., 14--21 pages.

[19]

David Goedicke, Jamy Li, Vanessa Evers, and Wendy Ju. 2018. VR-OOM: Virtual Reality On-rOad driving siMulation. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 165.

Digital Library

[20]

Mar Gonzalez-Franco and Jaron Lanier. 2017. Model of Illusions and Virtual Reality. Frontiers in Psychology 8, June (2017), 1125.

[21]

Diane Gromala, Xin Tong, Amber Choo, Mehdi Karamnejad, and Chris D Shaw. 2015. The virtual meditative walk: virtual reality therapy for chronic pain management. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 521--524.

Digital Library

[22]

Paul Grossman, Ludger Niemann, Stefan Schmidt, and Harald Walach. 2004. Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: A meta-analysis. Journal of psychosomatic research 57, 1 (2004), 35--43.

[23]

Patrick Haggard, Sam Clark, and Jeri Kalogeras. 2002. Voluntary action and conscious awareness. Nature Neuroscience 5, 4 (2002), 382--385.

[24]

Thich Nath Hahn. 1987. The Miracle of Mindfulness: An Introduction to the Practice of Meditation. Boston.

[25]

Javier Hernandez, Pablo E. Paredes, Asta Roseway, and Mary Czerwinski. 2014. Under pressure: Sensing stress of computer users. In Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. 51--60.

Digital Library

[26]

Klaus Hinkelmann and Oscar Kempthorne. 2007. Latin Square Type Designs. In Design and Analysis of Experiments, Volume 1 - Introduction to Experimental Design. 373--417.

[27]

Philipp Hock, Sebastian Benedikter, Jan Gugenheimer, and Enrico Rukzio. 2017. CarVR. In Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI '17. 4034--4044.

Digital Library

[28]

James Hodge, Madeline Balaam, Sandra Hastings, and Kellie Morrissey. 2018. Exploring the Design of Tailored Virtual Reality Experiences for People with Dementia. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 514.

Digital Library

[29]

Jon Kabat-Zinn. 2003. Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future., 144--156 pages.

[30]

Robert S. Kennedy, Norman E. Lane, Kevin S. Berbaum, and Michael G. Lilienthal. 1993. Simulator Sickness Questionnaire: An Enhanced Method for Quantifying Simulator Sickness. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology 3, 3 (1993), 203--220.

[31]

Robert S. Kennedy, Kay M. Stanney, and William P. Dunlap. 2000. Duration and Exposure to Virtual Environments: Sickness Curves During and Across Sessions. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 9, 5 (2000), 463--472.

Digital Library

[32]

Mark A. Lau, Scott R. Bishop, Zindel V. Segal, Tom Buis, Nicole D. Anderson, Linda Carlson, Shauna Shapiro, James Carmody, Susan Abbey, and Gerald Devins. 2006. The toronto mindfulness scale: Development and validation. Journal of Clinical Psychology 62, 12 (2006), 1445--1467.

[33]

Sara W. Lazar. 2005. Mindfulness Research. Mindfulness and psychotherapy 22 (2005), 220--238.

[34]

Mark McGill, Alexander Ng, and Stephen Brewster. 2017. I Am The Passenger: How Visual Motion Cues Can Influence Sickness For In-Car VR. Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI '17 (2017), 5655--5668.

Digital Library

[35]

Michael Meehan. 2001. Physiological Reaction as an Objective Measure of Presence in Virtual Environments. Department of Computer Science 62 (2001), 1465. http://wwwx.cs.unc.edu/Research/eve/physio/downloads/TR01-018.pdf

Digital Library

[36]

Maria V. Nararro-Haro, Hunter G. Hoffman, Azucena Garcia-Palacios, Mariana Sampaio, Wadee Alhalabi, Karyn Hall, and Marsha Linehan. 2016. The use of virtual reality to facilitate mindfulness skills training in dialectical behavioral therapy for borderline personality disorder: a case study. Frontiers in psychology 7 (2016), 1573.

[37]

Matthew K. X. J. Pan and Günter Niemeyer. 2017. Catching a real ball in virtual reality. In Virtual Reality (VR), 2017 IEEE. IEEE, 269--270.

[38]

Pablo E. Paredes, Nur Al-Huda Hamdan, Dav Clark, Carrie Cai, Wendy Ju, and James A. Landay. 2017. Evaluating in-car movements in the design of mindful commute interventions: Exploratory study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 19, 12 (2017).

[39]

Pablo E. Paredes, Ryuka Ko, Arezu Aghaseyedjavadi, John Chuang, John F. Canny, and Linda Babler. 2015. Synestouch: Haptic + audio affective design for wearable devices. In 2015 International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction, ACII 2015.

Digital Library

[40]

Pablo E. Paredes, Francisco Ordonez, Wendy Ju, and James A. Landay. 2018. Fast & Furious: Detecting Stress with a Car Steering Wheel. In CHI '18- Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. 11.

Digital Library

[41]

Pablo E. Paredes, Ying Zhou, Nur Al-Huda Hamdan, Stephanie Balters, Elizabeth Murnane, Wendy Ju, and James A. Landay. 2018. Just Breathe: In-Car Interventions for Guided Slow Breathing. Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (2018), 28.

Digital Library

[42]

Lisa Rebenitsch and Charles Owen. 2014. Individual Variation in Susceptibility to Cybersickness. Proceedings of the 27th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology (2014), 309--317.

Digital Library

[43]

Diane K. Reibel, Jeffrey M. Greeson, George C. Brainard, and Steven Rosenzweig. 2001. Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health-related quality of life in a heterogeneous patient population. General hospital psychiatry 23, 4 (2001), 183--192.

[44]

Jonathan W. Roberti, Lisa N. Harrington, and Eric A. Storch. 2006. Further Psychometric Support for the 10-Item Version of the Perceived Stress Scale. Journal of College Counseling 9 (2006), 135--147.

[45]

Roy A. Ruddle. 2004. The effect of environment characteristics and user interaction on levels of virtual environment sickness. In Proceedings - Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium. 141--148.

Digital Library

[46]

Diego C. Ruspini, Krasimir Kolarov, and Oussama Khatib. 1997. The haptic display of complex graphical environments. Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques (1997), 345--352.

Digital Library

[47]

James A. Russell. 1980. A circumplex model of affect., 1161--1178 pages.

[48]

Christopher D. Shaw, Diane Gromala, and A. Fleming Seay. 2007. The meditation chamber: Enacting autonomic senses. Proc. of ENACTIVE/07 (2007).

[49]

Six Flags. {n. d.}. VR Coaster. https://www.sixflags.com/newengland/attractions/vr/overview

[50]

Mel Slater, Martin Usoh, and Anthony Steed. 1995. Taking steps: the influence of a walking technique on presence in virtual reality. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 2, 3 (1995), 201--219.

Digital Library

[51]

Misha Sra and Chris Schmandt. 2016. Bringing real objects, spaces, actions, and interactions into social VR. In Collaborative Virtual Environments (3DCVE), 2016 IEEE Third VR International Workshop on. IEEE, 16--17.

[52]

Barry E. Stein and Terrence R. Stanford. 2008. Multisensory integration: current issues from the perspective of the single neuron. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 9, 4 (2008), 255--266.

[53]

David Sun, Pablo E. Paredes, and John F. Canny. 2014. MouStress: Detecting Stress from Mouse Motion. CHI '14- Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2014), 61--70.

Digital Library

[54]

Thera and Nyanaponika. 2001. The Power of Mindfulness.

[55]

Anja Thieme, Jayne Wallace, Paula Johnson, John McCarthy, Siân Lindley, Peter Wright, Patrick Olivier, and Thomas D Meyer. 2013. Design to promote mindfulness practice and sense of self for vulnerable women in secure hospital services. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2647--2656.

Digital Library

[56]

Mark Turner and Michael J. Griffin. 1999. Motion sickness in public road transport: The effect of driver, route and vehicle. Ergonomics 42, 12 (1999), 1646--1664.

[57]

U.S. Census Bureau. 2009. Commuting in the United States: 2009. https://www.census.gov/prod/2011pubs/acs-15.pdf

[58]

U.S. Census Bureau. 2017. 2012-2016 American Community Survey.

[59]

Jay Vidyarthi, Bernhard E Riecke, and Diane Gromala. 2012. Sonic Cradle: designing for an immersive experience of meditation by connecting respiration to music. In Proceedings of the designing interactive systems conference. ACM, 408--417.

Digital Library

[60]

Yasuyoshi Yokokohji, Ralph L Hollis, and Takeho Kanade. 1996. What You Can See is What You Can Feel - Development of a Visual/Haptic Interface to Virtual Environment. Proceedings of the IEEE 1996 Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (1996), 46--53.

Digital Library

Cited By

Rony RAhmed MSarcar SAhmed N(2024)Understanding Driving Stress in Urban Bangladesh: An Exploratory Study, Wearable Development and ExperimentACM Journal on Computing and Sustainable Societies10.1145/36484342:2(1-28)Online publication date: 14-Feb-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3648434
Mo WDechant MMarquardt NAyobi ASingh AHolloway C(2024)Exploring the Design Space of Input Modalities for Working in Mixed Reality on Long-haul FlightsProceedings of the 2024 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference10.1145/3643834.3661560(2267-2285)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3643834.3661560
Yavo-Ayalon SZhang YHan RJoshi SBu FMurr CZhou LJu W(2024)Behind the Scenes of CXR: Designing a Geo-Synchronized Communal eXtended Reality SystemProceedings of the 2024 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference10.1145/3643834.3660680(180-196)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3643834.3660680
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Driving with the Fishes: Towards Calming and Mindful Virtual Reality Experiences for the Car

Recommendations

I Am The Passenger: How Visual Motion Cues Can Influence Sickness For In-Car VR
CHI '17: Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

This paper explores the use of VR Head Mounted Displays (HMDs) in-car and in-motion for the first time. Immersive HMDs are becoming everyday consumer items and, as they offer new possibilities for entertainment and productivity, people will want to use ...
Making it Real: A Study of Augmented Virtuality on Presence and Enhanced Benefits of Study Stress Reduction Sessions
Abstract
Within the Virtuality Continuum from completely real to completely virtual, Augmented Virtuality (AV) has been much less explored in comparison to studies on Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality. This project aims to understand whether adding ...
The presence of an avatar can reduce cybersickness in Virtual Reality
Abstract
Virtual Reality (VR) applications are increasingly being utilized for research, healthcare, and education. Despite their benefits, many VR users report motion sickness-like sensations (cybersickness), such as headache, disorientation, or nausea. ...

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies

Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies Volume 2, Issue 4

December 2018

1169 pages

EISSN:2474-9567

DOI:10.1145/3301777

Issue’s Table of Contents

Copyright © 2018 ACM.

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 27 December 2018

Accepted: 01 October 2018

Revised: 01 August 2018

Received: 01 May 2018

Published in IMWUT Volume 2, Issue 4

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Request Permissions

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article
Research
Refereed limited

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

74
Total Citations
View Citations
1,142
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)163
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)16

Reflects downloads up to 14 Dec 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Rony RAhmed MSarcar SAhmed N(2024)Understanding Driving Stress in Urban Bangladesh: An Exploratory Study, Wearable Development and ExperimentACM Journal on Computing and Sustainable Societies10.1145/36484342:2(1-28)Online publication date: 14-Feb-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3648434
Mo WDechant MMarquardt NAyobi ASingh AHolloway C(2024)Exploring the Design Space of Input Modalities for Working in Mixed Reality on Long-haul FlightsProceedings of the 2024 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference10.1145/3643834.3661560(2267-2285)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3643834.3661560
Yavo-Ayalon SZhang YHan RJoshi SBu FMurr CZhou LJu W(2024)Behind the Scenes of CXR: Designing a Geo-Synchronized Communal eXtended Reality SystemProceedings of the 2024 ACM Designing Interactive Systems Conference10.1145/3643834.3660680(180-196)Online publication date: 1-Jul-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3643834.3660680
Medeiros DWilson GSousa MPantidi NMcGill MDrago DBrewster S(2024)Exploring User Placement for VR Remote Collaboration in a Constrained Passenger SpaceProceedings of the 30th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology10.1145/3641825.3687722(1-11)Online publication date: 9-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3641825.3687722
Christie IMcgill MBrewster S(2024)Welcome to the Jungle: Using ARTV to Balance Media Immersion and Reality Awareness for Passengers on Public TransportProceedings of the 2024 ACM International Conference on Interactive Media Experiences10.1145/3639701.3656321(219-230)Online publication date: 7-Jun-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3639701.3656321
Gim BKang SKim GYeo DHwang SKim S(2024)Curving the Virtual Route: Applying Redirected Steering Gains for Active Locomotion in In-Car VRExtended Abstracts of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613905.3650746(1-7)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613905.3650746
Elsharkawy AAtaya AYeo DAn EHwang SKim S(2024)SYNC-VR: Synchronizing Your Senses to Conquer Motion Sickness for Enriching In-Vehicle Virtual RealityProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642941(1-17)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613904.3642941
Pöhlmann KWilson GLi GMcgill MBrewster S(2024)From Slow-Mo to Ludicrous Speed: Comfortably Manipulating the Perception of Linear In-Car VR Motion Through Vehicular Translational Gain and AttenuationProceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642298(1-20)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613904.3642298
Lu PWang CHsu YLopez ATsai CChang CTan WLu LChen M(2024)VeeR: Exploring the Feasibility of Deliberately Designing VR Motion that Diverges from Mundane, Everyday Physical Motion to Create More Entertaining VR ExperiencesProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642064(1-13)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613904.3642064
Xie GWang X(2024)Optimization of Interactive Intelligent Metro Public Facilities: Design Strategies and Satisfaction Analysis Based on User Experience Theory2024 International Conference on Interactive Intelligent Systems and Techniques (IIST)10.1109/IIST62526.2024.00022(1-8)Online publication date: 4-Mar-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/IIST62526.2024.00022
Show More Cited By

View Options

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Article

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Issue’s Table of Contents