Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]

skip to main content
research-article

How Much is 'Too Much'?: The Role of a Smartphone Addiction Narrative in Individuals' Experience of Use

Published: 01 November 2018 Publication History

Abstract

In a mixed methods study of parents and teens (n=200), 87% (n=174) of participants used language consistent with smartphone addiction narratives when asked about their smartphone feelings and use. Mental health researchers and clinicians do not consistently agree about whether smartphone addiction exists nor what it would look like if it does. Our goal in this study was to explore the patterns of responses that people invoked when talking about the role of smartphones in their lives and the lives of those around them. Responses suggested that both parents and teens are aware of and potentially influenced by a narrative that smartphones are addictive and can lead to negative, though largely undefined, consequences. We examine potential origins of this narrative, including media coverage, and examine the critical need for a deeper examination in the CSCW community of how this narrative could be influencing well-being, sense of self, and sensemaking around smartphone use.

References

[1]
Espen Aarseth, Anthony M. Bean, Huub Boonen, Michelle Colder Carras, Mark Coulson, Dimitri Das, Jory Deleuze, Elza Dunkels, Johan Edman, and Christopher J. Ferguson. 2017. Scholars' open debate paper on the World Health Organization ICD-11 Gaming Disorder proposal. Journal of Behavioral Addictions 6, 3 (2017), 267--270.
[2]
Adam Alter. 2017. Irresistible: The rise of addictive technology and the business of keeping us hooked. Penguin.
[3]
Morgan G. Ames. 2013. Managing Mobile Multitasking: The Culture of iPhones on Stanford Campus. In Proceedings of the 2013 Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW '13), 1487--1498.
[4]
Louis Anslow. 2016. What technology are we addicted to this time? Medium. Retrieved July 11, 2018 from https://timeline.com/what-technology-are-we-addicted-to-this-time-f0f7860f2fab
[5]
Drake Baer. 2014. 3 Ways Your Smartphone Wrecks Your Sanity, Productivity, And Focus. Business Insider. Retrieved April 19, 2018 from http://www.businessinsider.com/how-your-iphone-wrecks-your-sanity-productivity-and-focus-2014--3
[6]
Eric P.S. Baumer, Phil Adams, Vera D. Khovanskaya, Tony C. Liao, Madeline E. Smith, Victoria Schwanda Sosik, and Kaiton Williams. 2013. Limiting, Leaving, and (Re)Lapsing: An Exploration of Facebook Non-use Practices and Experiences. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '13), 3257--3266.
[7]
BBC News. Are we addicted to smartphones? BBC News. Retrieved April 18, 2018 from http://www.bbc.com/news/av/business-14401476/are-we-addicted-to-smartphones
[8]
Ulrich Beck, Anthony Giddens, and Scott Lash. 1994. Reflexive Modernization: Politics, Tradition and Aesthetics in the Modern Social Order. Stanford University Press.
[9]
Joël Billieux, Pierre Maurage, Olatz Lopez-Fernandez, Daria J. Kuss, and Mark D. Griffiths. 2015. Can Disordered Mobile Phone Use Be Considered a Behavioral Addiction? An Update on Current Evidence and a Comprehensive Model for Future Research. Current Addiction Reports 2, 2 (June 2015), 156--162.
[10]
Dean Blumberg. 2004. Stage Model of Recovery for Chemically Dependent Adolescents: Part 1-Methods and Model. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 36, 3 (September 2004), 323--345.
[11]
Sookeun Byun, Celestino Ruffini, Juline E. Mills, Alecia C. Douglas, Mamadou Niang, Svetlana Stepchenkova, Seul Ki Lee, Jihad Loutfi, Jung-Kook Lee, Mikhail Atallah, and Marina Blanton. 2008. Internet Addiction: Metasynthesis of 1996--2006 Quantitative Research. CyberPsychology & Behavior 12, 2 (December 2008), 203--207.
[12]
Kathy Charmaz. 2014. Constructing Grounded Theory. SAGE.
[13]
Chien Chou, Linda Condron, and John C. Belland. 2005. A review of the research on Internet addiction. Educational Psychology Review 17, 4 (2005), 363--388.
[14]
Common Sense Media. 2016. Dealing with Devices: The Parent-Teen Dynamic. Retrieved July 4, 2018 from https://www.commonsensemedia.org/technology-addiction-concern-controversy-and-finding-balance-infographic
[15]
Common Sense Media. 2016. New Report Finds Teens Feel Addicted to Their Phones, Causing Tension at Home | Common Sense Media. Common Sense Media. Retrieved April 18, 2018 from https://www.commonsensemedia.org/about-us/news/press-releases/new-report-finds-teens-feel-addicted-to-their-phones-causing-tension-at
[16]
Allen Copenhaver, Oana Mitrofan, and Christopher J. Ferguson. 2017. For video games, bad news is good news: news reporting of violent video game studies. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 20, 12 (2017), 735--739.
[17]
Klaus Crow. 2016. The Huge Benefits of the Digital Sabbatical -- Unplug. Simplify Your Day. Retrieved April 18, 2018 from http://simplifyyourday.com/the-huge-benefits-of-the-digital-sabbatical-unplug/
[18]
Kelly Dickerson. 2014. Are Smartphones Killing Our Conversation Quality? Live Science. Retrieved April 19, 2018 from https://www.livescience.com/46817-smartphones-lower-conversation-quality.html
[19]
Meena Duerson. 2012. Just SEEING a cell phone is bad for your relationship. NY Daily News. Retrieved April 19, 2018 from http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/health/cell-phone-ruining-relationship-room-study-article-1.1153350
[20]
Murray Barnson Emeneau. 1950. Language and non-linguistic patterns. Language 26, 2 (1950), 199--209.
[21]
James Fine and Samuel Juni. 2001. Ego Atrophy in Substance Abuse: Addiction from a Socio-Cultural Perspective. Am J Psychoanal 61, 3 (September 2001), 293--304.
[22]
Katie Forster. 2017. Teenagers May Be "Replacing Drugs With Smartphones." The Independent. Retrieved April 18, 2018 from http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/teenagers-replacing-smartphones-with- drugs-research-drop-in-drug-use-arko-ghosh-nora-volkow-a7630826.html
[23]
Anthony Foulonneau, Gaëlle Calvary, and Eric Villain. 2016. Stop procrastinating: TILT, time is life time, a persuasive application. In Proceedings of the 28th Australian Conference on Computer-Human Interaction, 508--516.
[24]
James Gee. 2010. How to do Discourse Analysis: A Toolkit. Routledge, New York.
[25]
James Gee. 2014. An Introduction to Discourse Analysis: Theory and Method (4th edition ed.). Routledge, New York.
[26]
Anthony Giddens. 2013. The consequences of modernity. John Wiley & Sons.
[27]
Carolyn Gregoire. 2015. Your iPhone Is Making You Depressed. Huffington Post. Retrieved April 19, 2018 from https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/19/phone-addiction-depression_n_6712882.html
[28]
Mark D. Griffiths, Antonius J. Van Rooij, Daniel Kardefelt-Winther, Vladan Starcevic, Orsolya Király, Ståle Pallesen, Kai Müller, Michael Dreier, Michelle Carras, and Nicole Prause. 2016. Working towards an international consensus on criteria for assessing internet gaming disorder: a critical commentary on Petry et al.(2014). Addiction 111, 1 (2016), 167--175.
[29]
Ellie Harmon and Melissa Mazmanian. 2013. Stories of the Smartphone in Everyday Discourse: Conflict, Tension & Instability. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '13), 1051--1060.
[30]
Ana Homayoun. 2018. Is Your Child a Phone 'Addict'? The New York Times. Retrieved April 18, 2018 from https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/17/well/family/is-your-child-a-phone-addict.html
[31]
Daniel Kardefelt-Winther. 2014. A conceptual and methodological critique of internet addiction research: Towards a model of compensatory internet use. Computers in Human Behavior 31, (2014), 351--354.
[32]
Daniel Kardefelt-Winther, Alexandre Heeren, Adriano Schimmenti, Antonius van Rooij, Pierre Maurage, Michelle Carras, Johan Edman, Alexander Blaszczynski, Yasser Khazaal, and Joël Billieux. 2017. How can we conceptualize behavioural addiction without pathologizing common behaviours? Addiction 112, 10 (2017), 1709--1715.
[33]
Gabor Kelemen and Marta Erdos. 2005. The code of grace: A cultural approach to 12-step fellowship programs in hungary. International Journal of Self-Help & Self-Care 2(3), (2005), 187--203.
[34]
Minsam Ko, Seungwoo Choi, Koji Yatani, and Uichin Lee. 2016. Lock n'LoL: group-based limiting assistance app to mitigate smartphone distractions in group activities. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 998--1010.
[35]
Minsam Ko, Chayanin Wong, Sunmin Son, Euigon Jung, Uichin Lee, Seungwoo Choi, Sungho Jo, and Min H. Kim. 2015. Lock n'LoL: Mitigating Smartphone Disturbance in Co-located Social Interactions. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1561--1566.
[36]
Minsam Ko, Subin Yang, Joonwon Lee, Christian Heizmann, Jinyoung Jeong, Uichin Lee, Daehee Shin, Koji Yatani, Junehwa Song, and Kyong-Mee Chung. 2015. NUGU: A Group-based Intervention App for Improving Self-Regulation of Limiting Smartphone Use. In Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing (CSCW '15), 1235--1245.
[37]
Simone Lanette and Melissa Mazmanian. 2018. The Smartphone "Addiction" Narrative is Compelling, but Largely Unfounded. In Extended Abstracts of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA '18), LBW023:1--LBW023:6.
[38]
Simone Lanette and Melissa Mazmanian. 2018. The Smartphone "Addiction" Narrative is Compelling, but Largely Unfounded. In Proceedings of ACM CHI 18 Late-Breaking Work.
[39]
Heyoung Lee, Heejune Ahn, Samwook Choi, and Wanbok Choi. 2014. The SAMS: Smartphone addiction management system and verification. Journal of medical systems 38, 1 (2014), 1.
[40]
Louis Leung and Paul SN Lee. 2012. The influences of information literacy, internet addiction and parenting styles on internet risks. New Media & Society 14, 1 (2012), 117--136.
[41]
Helen Lee Lin. 2012. How Your Cell Phone Hurts Your Relationships. Scientific American. Retrieved April 19, 2018 from https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-your-cell-phone-hurts-your-relationships/
[42]
Yu-Hsuan Lin, Yu-Cheng Lin, Yang-Han Lee, Po-Hsien Lin, Sheng-Hsuan Lin, Li-Ren Chang, Hsien-Wei Tseng, Liang-Yu Yen, Cheryl CH Yang, and Terry BJ Kuo. 2015. Time distortion associated with smartphone addiction: Identifying smartphone addiction via a mobile application (App). Journal of psychiatric research 65, (2015), 139--145.
[43]
Sonia Livingstone, Leslie Haddon, Anke Görzig, and Kjartan Ólafsson. 2011. Risks and safety on the internet: the perspective of European children: full findings and policy implications from the EU Kids Online survey of 9--16 year olds and their parents in 25 countries. (2011).
[44]
Markus Löchtefeld, Matthias Böhmer, and Lyubomir Ganev. 2013. AppDetox: helping users with mobile app addiction. In Proceedings of the 12th international conference on mobile and ubiquitous multimedia, 43.
[45]
Melissa A. Mazmanian, Wanda J. Orlikowski, and JoAnne Yates. 2005. Crackberries: The social implications of ubiquitous wireless e-mail devices. In Designing ubiquitous information environments: Socio-technical issues and challenges. Springer, 337--343.
[46]
Melissa Mazmanian and Ingrid Erickson. 2014. The Product of Availability: Understanding the Economic Underpinnings of Constant Connectivity. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '14), 763--772.
[47]
Tushar Mehta. 2018. Smartphone Addiction As Bad As Drug Abuse, Claim Researchers. Beebom. Retrieved April 18, 2018 from https://beebom.com/smartphone-addiction-drug-abuse-research/
[48]
Shalini Misra, Lulu Cheng, Jamie Genevie, and Miao Yuan. 2016. The iPhone Effect: The Quality of In-Person Social Interactions in the Presence of Mobile Devices. Environment and Behavior 48, 2 (February 2016), 275--298.
[49]
Alyssa Navarro. 2016. Heavy Smartphone Use Can Lead To Depression, Anxiety. Tech Times. Retrieved April 19, 2018 from http://www.techtimes.com/articles/138483/20160305/heavy-smartphone-use-can-lead-to-depression-anxiety.htm
[50]
Arash Negahban. 2012. Factors Affecting Individual's Intention to Purchase Smartphones from Technology Adoption and Technology Dependence Perspectives. In 2012 Proceedings.
[51]
Ellen Niz. Kids Feel Unimportant to Cell Phone-Addicted Parents. Parenting. Retrieved April 18, 2018 from https://www.parenting.com/news-break/kids-feel-unimportant-to-cell-phone-addicted-parents
[52]
Chunjong Park, Junsung Lim, Juho Kim, Sung-Ju Lee, and Dongman Lee. 2017. Don't Bother Me. I'm Socializing!: A Breakpoint-Based Smartphone Notification System. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (CSCW '17), 541--554.
[53]
Rachael Pells. 2017. Giving your child a smartphone is like giving them a gram of cocaine, says top addiction expert. The Independent. Retrieved April 18, 2018 from http://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/child-smart-phones-cocaine-addiction-expert-mandy-saligari-harley-street-charter-clinic-technology-a7777941.html
[54]
Olivia Petter. 2017. How your smartphone is ruining your life. The Independent. Retrieved April 18, 2018 from http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/smartphones-ruin-life-ways-sleep-dating-sex-social-media-whatsapp-messaging-a7882031.html
[55]
Pew Research Center. 2018. Mobile Fact Sheet. Retrieved July 4, 2018 from http://www.pewinternet.org/fact-sheet/mobile/
[56]
Catherine Price. A digital diet: Can you go without your smartphone for 24 hours? latimes.com. Retrieved April 18, 2018 from http://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-price-day-of-unplugging-phone-sabbath-20180308-story.html
[57]
Andrew K. Przybylski and Netta Weinstein. 2013. Can you connect with me now? How the presence of mobile communication technology influences face-to-face conversation quality. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 30, 3 (May 2013), 237--246.
[58]
James A. Roberts, Chris Pullig, and Chris Manolis. 2015. I need my smartphone: A hierarchical model of personality and cell-phone addiction. Personality and Individual Differences 79, (June 2015), 13--19.
[59]
James Roberts and The Conversation. What your personality says about your smartphone addiction. CNN. Retrieved April 18, 2018 from https://www.cnn.com/2016/08/08/health/personality-smartphone-addiction/index.html
[60]
James Roberts, Luc Honore Petnji Yaya, and Chris Manolis. 2014. The invisible addiction: Cell-phone activities and addiction among male and female college students. J Behav Addict 3, 4 (December 2014), 254--265.
[61]
Mohammad Salehan and Arash Negahban. 2013. Social networking on smartphones: When mobile phones become addictive. Computers in Human Behavior 29, 6 (November 2013), 2632--2639.
[62]
Diane J. Schiano, Christine Burg, Anthony Nalan Smith, and Florencia Moore. 2016. Parenting Digital Youth: How Now? In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 3181--3189.
[63]
Diane J. Schiano, Christine Burg, Anthony Nalan Smith, and Florencia Moore. 2016. Parenting Digital Youth: How Now? In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 3181--3189.
[64]
Choonsung Shin, Jin-Hyuk Hong, and Anind K. Dey. 2012. Understanding and prediction of mobile application usage for smart phones. In Proceedings of the 2012 ACM Conference on Ubiquitous Computing, 173--182.
[65]
Stefan Stieger, Christoph Burger, Manuel Bohn, and Martin Voracek. 2013. Who commits virtual identity suicide? Differences in privacy concerns, internet addiction, and personality between Facebook users and quitters. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking 16, 9 (2013), 629--634.
[66]
Chad C. Tossell, Philip Kortum, Clayton W. Shepard, Ahmad Rahmati, and Lin Zhong. 2012. Getting real: a naturalistic methodology for using smartphones to collect mediated communications. Advances in Human-Computer Interaction 2012, (2012), 10.
[67]
Antonius J. Van Rooij, Christopher J. Ferguson, Michelle Colder Carras, Daniel Kardefelt-Winther, Jing Shi, Espen Aarseth, Anthony M. Bean, Karin Helmersson Bergmark, Anne Brus, and Mark Coulson. 2018. A weak scientific basis for gaming disorder: Let us err on the side of caution. Journal of behavioral addictions 7, 1 (2018), 1--9.
[68]
Katie Hope Vaswani Karishma. 2016. UK is "Addicted To Smartphones." BBC News. Retrieved April 18, 2018 from http://www.bbc.com/news/business-37468560
[69]
Pamela Wisniewski, Haiyan Jia, Na Wang, Saijing Zheng, Heng Xu, Mary Beth Rosson, and John M. Carroll. 2015. Resilience mitigates the negative effects of adolescent internet addiction and online risk exposure. In Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 4029--4038.

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)Impact of Mindfulness through Smartphone Applications on the Anxiety among B.Sc. Nursing StudentsJournal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_540_2416:Suppl 3(S2904-S2906)Online publication date: 31-Jul-2024
  • (2024)Preventive Interventions for Internet Addiction in Young Children: A Systematic Review. (Preprint)JMIR Mental Health10.2196/56896Online publication date: 6-Feb-2024
  • (2024)Mapping a pluralistic continuum of approaches to digital disconnectionMedia, Culture & Society10.1177/0163443724122878546:4(851-862)Online publication date: 14-Feb-2024
  • Show More Cited By

Index Terms

  1. How Much is 'Too Much'?: The Role of a Smartphone Addiction Narrative in Individuals' Experience of Use

        Recommendations

        Comments

        Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

        Information & Contributors

        Information

        Published In

        cover image Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction
        Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction  Volume 2, Issue CSCW
        November 2018
        4104 pages
        EISSN:2573-0142
        DOI:10.1145/3290265
        Issue’s Table of Contents
        Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

        Publisher

        Association for Computing Machinery

        New York, NY, United States

        Publication History

        Published: 01 November 2018
        Published in PACMHCI Volume 2, Issue CSCW

        Permissions

        Request permissions for this article.

        Check for updates

        Author Tags

        1. addiction
        2. mobile phones
        3. parents
        4. smartphone addiction
        5. smartphones
        6. social discourse
        7. teens

        Qualifiers

        • Research-article

        Funding Sources

        Contributors

        Other Metrics

        Bibliometrics & Citations

        Bibliometrics

        Article Metrics

        • Downloads (Last 12 months)216
        • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)29
        Reflects downloads up to 17 Nov 2024

        Other Metrics

        Citations

        Cited By

        View all
        • (2024)Impact of Mindfulness through Smartphone Applications on the Anxiety among B.Sc. Nursing StudentsJournal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_540_2416:Suppl 3(S2904-S2906)Online publication date: 31-Jul-2024
        • (2024)Preventive Interventions for Internet Addiction in Young Children: A Systematic Review. (Preprint)JMIR Mental Health10.2196/56896Online publication date: 6-Feb-2024
        • (2024)Mapping a pluralistic continuum of approaches to digital disconnectionMedia, Culture & Society10.1177/0163443724122878546:4(851-862)Online publication date: 14-Feb-2024
        • (2024)Dialogues with Digital Wisdom: Can LLMs Help Us Put Down the Phone?Proceedings of the 2024 International Conference on Information Technology for Social Good10.1145/3677525.3678640(56-61)Online publication date: 4-Sep-2024
        • (2024)Digital Wellbeing Lens: Design Interfaces That Respect User AttentionProceedings of the 2024 International Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces10.1145/3656650.3656674(1-5)Online publication date: 3-Jun-2024
        • (2024)Hexing Twitter: Channeling Ancient Magic to Bind Mechanisms of ExtractionExtended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613905.3644071(1-6)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
        • (2024)StayFocused: Examining the Effects of Reflective Prompts and Chatbot Support on Compulsive Smartphone UseProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642479(1-19)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
        • (2024)Social media mindsets: a new approach to understanding social media use and psychological well-beingJournal of Computer-Mediated Communication10.1093/jcmc/zmad04829:1Online publication date: 21-Feb-2024
        • (2024)Das Verschmelzen von Welten und … versenNext Generation Internet10.1007/978-3-658-43029-0_3(27-86)Online publication date: 2-Feb-2024
        • (2023)To use or be used? The role of agency in social media use and well-beingFrontiers in Computer Science10.3389/fcomp.2023.11233235Online publication date: 3-Apr-2023
        • Show More Cited By

        View Options

        Login options

        Full Access

        View options

        PDF

        View or Download as a PDF file.

        PDF

        eReader

        View online with eReader.

        eReader

        Media

        Figures

        Other

        Tables

        Share

        Share

        Share this Publication link

        Share on social media