Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]

skip to main content
10.1145/3241539.3241558acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesmobicomConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article
Public Access

Resolving Policy Conflicts in Multi-Carrier Cellular Access

Published: 15 October 2018 Publication History

Abstract

Multi-carrier cellular access dynamically selects a preferred wireless carrier by leveraging the availability and diversity of multiple carrier networks at a location. It offers an alternative to the dominant single-carrier paradigm, and shows early signs of success through the operational Project Fi by Google. In this paper, we study the important, yet largely unexplored, problem of inter-carrier switching for multi-carrier access. We show that policy conflicts can arise between inter- and intra-carrier switching, resulting in oscillations among carriers in the worst case akin to BGP looping. We derive the conditions under which such oscillations occur for three categories of popular policy, and validate them with Project Fi whenever possible. We provide practical guidelines to ensure loop-freedom and assess them via trace-driven emulations.

References

[1]
3GPP. 2012a. TS22.011: Service accessibility . (2012). http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/22011.htm
[2]
3GPP. 2012b. TS25.304: User Equipment (UE) Procedures in Idle Mode and Procedures for Cell Reselection in Connected Mode . (2012). http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/25304.htm
[3]
3GPP. 2012c. TS25.331: Radio Resource Control (RRC) . (2012). http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/25331.htm
[4]
3GPP. 2012 d. TS36.331: Radio Resource Control (RRC) . (2012). http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/html-info/36331.htm
[5]
3GPP. 2013. TS36.304: User Equipment Procedures in Idle Mode . (2013).
[6]
Zengwen Yuan, Qianru Li, Yuanjie Li, Songwu Lu, Chunyi Peng, and George Varghese. 2018. Supplementary Material to Resolving Policy Conflicts in Multi-Carrier Cellular Access. (2018). http://metro.cs.ucla.edu/papers/mobicom18-multicarrier-proof.pdf
[7]
Kenichiro Aoyagi, Wuri A. Hapsari, Shinya Takeda, and Itsuma Tanaka. 2015. Access Class Control Technology in LTE/LTE-Advanced Systems. NTT DOCOMO Technical Journal, Vol. 17, 2 (2015), 65--76.
[8]
Archclearing. 2015. ARCH Insight: Alternative Roaming Providers spring up in China. (2015). http://www.archclearing.com/html/News/Views/ALTERNATIVE/ALTERNATIVE.htm
[9]
Aruna Balasubramanian, Ratul Mahajan, and Arun Venkataramani. 2010. Augmenting Mobile 3G Using WiFi. In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys '10). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 209--222.
[10]
Mostafa Zaman Chowdhury, Won Ryu, Eunjun Rhee, and Yeong Min Jang. 2009. Handover between macrocell and femtocell for UMTS based networks. In 2009 11th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology, Vol. 01. 237--241.
[11]
Wikipedia. 2018. Dual SIM. (2018). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_SIM
[12]
Apple Inc. 2018. Apple SIM. (2018). https://www.apple.com/ipad/apple-sim/
[13]
Daniel Cooper. 2016. Samsung's next smartwatch comes with an e-SIM . (Feburary 2016). https://www.engadget.com/2016/02/18/samsung-gear-s2-esim/
[14]
Google. 2018a. Project Fi. (2018). https://fi.google.com/.
[15]
Google. 2018b. Project Fi Coverage Map . (2018). https://fi.google.com/coverage.
[16]
ZTE Corporation. 2013. ZTE UMTS Handover Description . (September 2013). http://www.slideshare.net/quyetnguyenhong/zte-umtshandoverdescription
[17]
Andrei Croitoru, Dragos Niculescu, and Costin Raiciu. 2015. Towards Wifi Mobility without Fast Handover. In 12th USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI '15). USENIX Association, Oakland, CA, 219--234.
[18]
Supratim Deb, Kanthi Nagaraj, and Vikram Srinivasan. 2011. MOTA: Engineering an Operator Agnostic Mobile Service. In Proceedings of the 17th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom '11). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 133--144.
[19]
Android Developers. 2018. WifiConfiguration -- Android API Reference. (June 2018). https://developer.android.com/reference/android/net/wifi/WifiConfiguration.html
[20]
ArchLinux Wiki. 2018. WPA supplicant. (June 2018). https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/WPA_supplicant
[21]
Small Cell Forum. 2018. Small cells market status report (release 10.0) . (Feburary 2018). http://scf.io/en/white_papers/Market_status_report_December_2017_Special_edition.php
[22]
Ning Ding, Daniel Wagner, Xiaomeng Chen, Abhinav Pathak, Y. Charlie Hu, and Andrew Rice. 2013. Characterizing and Modeling the Impact of Wireless Signal Strength on Smartphone Battery Drain. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGMETRICS/International Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Systems (SIGMETRICS '13). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 29--40.
[23]
Lixin Gao and Jennifer Rexford. 2001. Stable Internet Routing Without Global Coordination. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, Vol. 9, 6 (Dec. 2001), 681--692.
[24]
Timothy G. Griffin and Gordon Wilfong. 1999. An Analysis of BGP Convergence Properties. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 1999 Conference (SIGCOMM '99). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 277--288.
[25]
GSMA. 2018. The SIM for the next Generation of Connected Consumer Devices . (2018). https://www.gsma.com/esim/
[26]
Junxian Huang, Feng Qian, Alexandre Gerber, Z. Morley Mao, Subhabrata Sen, and Oliver Spatscheck. 2012. A Close Examination of Performance and Power Characteristics of 4G LTE Networks. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services (MobiSys '12). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 225--238.
[27]
Xin Jin, Hongqiang Harry Liu, Rohan Gandhi, Srikanth Kandula, Ratul Mahajan, Ming Zhang, Jennifer Rexford, and Roger Wattenhofer. 2014. Dynamic Scheduling of Network Updates. In Proceedings of the 2014 ACM Conference on SIGCOMM (SIGCOMM '14). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 539--550.
[28]
S. Kanugovi, S. Vasudevan, F. Baboescu, J. Zhu, S. Peng, J. Mueller, and S. Seo. 2018. Multiple Access Management Services . (April 2018). https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-kanugovi-intarea-mams-framework/ IETF Internet Draft.
[29]
Parishad Karimi, Ivan Seskar, and Dipankar Raychaudhuri. 2016. Achieving high-performance cellular data Services with multi-network access. In 2016 IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM). IEEE, 1--6.
[30]
Craig Labovitz, G. Robert Malan, and Farnam Jahanian. 1998. Internet Routing Instability . IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, Vol. 6, 5 (Oct 1998), 515--528.
[31]
Yuanjie Li, Haotian Deng, Jiayao Li, Chunyi Peng, and Songwu Lu. 2016a. Instability in Distributed Mobility Management: Revisiting Configuration Management in 3G/4G Mobile Networks. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM SIGMETRICS International Conference on Measurement and Modeling of Computer Science (SIGMETRICS '16). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 261--272.
[32]
Yuanjie Li, Haotian Deng, Chunyi Peng, Zengwen Yuan, Guan-Hua Tu, Jiayao Li, and Songwu Lu. 2016b. iCellular: device-customized cellular network access on commodity smartphones. In Proceedings of the 13th USENIX Conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI '16). USENIX Association, Santa Clara, CA, 643--656.
[33]
Yuanjie Li, Chunyi Peng, Zengwen Yuan, Jiayao Li, Haotian Deng, and Tao Wang. 2016c. MobileInsight: Extracting and Analyzing Cellular Network Information on Smartphones. In Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom '16). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 202--215.
[34]
Yuanjie Li, Jiaqi Xu, Chunyi Peng, and Songwu Lu. 2016 d. A First Look at Unstable Mobility Management in Cellular Networks. In Proceedings of the 17th International Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications (HotMobile '16). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 15--20.
[35]
Fei Liu, Petri Mahonen, and Marina Petrova. 2014. A handover scheme towards downlink traffic load balance in heterogeneous cellular networks. In 2014 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) . 4875--4880.
[36]
Hongqiang Harry Liu, Xin Wu, Ming Zhang, Lihua Yuan, Roger Wattenhofer, and David Maltz. 2013. zUpdate: Updating Data Center Networks with Zero Loss. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2013 Conference (SIGCOMM '13). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 411--422.
[37]
OpenSignal. 2017. State of Mobile Networks: USA (Regional Performance). (Aug 2017). https://opensignal.com/reports/2017/08/usa/state-of-the-mobile-network.
[38]
Peng Sun, Ratul Mahajan, Jennifer Rexford, Lihua Yuan, Ming Zhang, and Ahsan Arefin. 2014. A Network-State Management Service. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2014 Conference (SIGCOMM '14). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 563--574.
[39]
Next Generation Mobile Networks 5G Initiative Team. 2015. NGMN 5G white paper. (Feburary 2015). https://www.ngmn.org/5g-white-paper/5g-white-paper.html.

Cited By

View all
  • (2024)CloudPlanner: Minimizing Upgrade Risk of Virtual Network Devices for Large-Scale Cloud NetworksIEEE INFOCOM 2024 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications10.1109/INFOCOM52122.2024.10621109(741-750)Online publication date: 20-May-2024
  • (2023)CA++: Enhancing Carrier Aggregation Beyond 5GProceedings of the 29th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking10.1145/3570361.3592500(1-14)Online publication date: 2-Oct-2023
  • (2023)Movement-Based Reliable Mobility Management for Beyond 5G Cellular NetworksIEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking10.1109/TNET.2022.319078831:1(192-207)Online publication date: Feb-2023
  • Show More Cited By

Index Terms

  1. Resolving Policy Conflicts in Multi-Carrier Cellular Access

        Recommendations

        Comments

        Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

        Information & Contributors

        Information

        Published In

        cover image ACM Conferences
        MobiCom '18: Proceedings of the 24th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking
        October 2018
        884 pages
        ISBN:9781450359030
        DOI:10.1145/3241539
        Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected].

        Sponsors

        Publisher

        Association for Computing Machinery

        New York, NY, United States

        Publication History

        Published: 15 October 2018

        Permissions

        Request permissions for this article.

        Check for updates

        Qualifiers

        • Research-article

        Funding Sources

        Conference

        MobiCom '18
        Sponsor:

        Acceptance Rates

        MobiCom '18 Paper Acceptance Rate 42 of 187 submissions, 22%;
        Overall Acceptance Rate 440 of 2,972 submissions, 15%

        Contributors

        Other Metrics

        Bibliometrics & Citations

        Bibliometrics

        Article Metrics

        • Downloads (Last 12 months)149
        • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)15
        Reflects downloads up to 13 Nov 2024

        Other Metrics

        Citations

        Cited By

        View all
        • (2024)CloudPlanner: Minimizing Upgrade Risk of Virtual Network Devices for Large-Scale Cloud NetworksIEEE INFOCOM 2024 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications10.1109/INFOCOM52122.2024.10621109(741-750)Online publication date: 20-May-2024
        • (2023)CA++: Enhancing Carrier Aggregation Beyond 5GProceedings of the 29th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking10.1145/3570361.3592500(1-14)Online publication date: 2-Oct-2023
        • (2023)Movement-Based Reliable Mobility Management for Beyond 5G Cellular NetworksIEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking10.1109/TNET.2022.319078831:1(192-207)Online publication date: Feb-2023
        • (2022)SEEDProceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2022 Conference10.1145/3544216.3544260(129-142)Online publication date: 22-Aug-2022
        • (2022)Global mobile network aggregatorsProceedings of the 20th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services10.1145/3498361.3538942(183-195)Online publication date: 27-Jun-2022
        • (2021)A composition framework for change managementProceedings of the 2021 ACM SIGCOMM 2021 Conference10.1145/3452296.3472901(788-806)Online publication date: 9-Aug-2021
        • (2021)Can Online Learning Increase the Reliability of Extreme Mobility Management?2021 IEEE/ACM 29th International Symposium on Quality of Service (IWQOS)10.1109/IWQOS52092.2021.9521264(1-6)Online publication date: 25-Jun-2021
        • (2020)Beyond 5GProceedings of the Annual conference of the ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication on the applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication10.1145/3387514.3405873(344-358)Online publication date: 30-Jul-2020

        View Options

        View options

        PDF

        View or Download as a PDF file.

        PDF

        eReader

        View online with eReader.

        eReader

        ePub

        View this article in ePub.

        ePub

        Get Access

        Login options

        Media

        Figures

        Other

        Tables

        Share

        Share

        Share this Publication link

        Share on social media