research-article

Open access

Mapping Child Malnutrition and Measuring Efficiency of Community Healthcare Workers through Location Based Games in India

Authors:

Aparajita Mondal,

Satish B. AgnihotriAuthors Info & Claims

GoodIT '24: Proceedings of the 2024 International Conference on Information Technology for Social Good

Pages 377 - 385

https://doi.org/10.1145/3677525.3678685

Published: 04 September 2024 Publication History

All formats PDF

Abstract

In India, Community Healthcare Workers (CHWs) serve as critical intermediaries between the state and beneficiaries, including pregnant mothers and children. Effective planning and prioritization of care and services necessitate the collection of accurate health data from the community. Crowdsourcing child anthropometric data through CHWs could establish a valuable repository for evidence-based decision-making and service planning. However, existing platforms often fail to maintain CHWs’ engagement over time and across different spatial contexts, resulting in spatially misrepresented and outdated data.

This study addresses these challenges by conducting a co-design exercise to develop innovative methods for collecting anthropometric data over time and space. The exercise involved analyzing data to create hotspot and density distribution maps. We implemented a trial of the developed game with two groups (n=94 per group) from various states across India, comparing the game-based and non-game-based data collection methods. Our findings reveal that the game-based approach significantly improved measuring efficiency (p<0.05) and demonstrated superior engagement and retention compared to the non-game-based method.

This research contributes to the expanding literature on co-design and Research through Design (RtD) methodologies for developing geospatial games, highlighting their potential to enhance data collection practices and improve engagement among CHWs.

References

[1]

Sumegha Asthana and Kaveri Mayra. 2022. India’s one million Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) win the Global Health Leaders award at the 75th World Health Assembly: Time to move beyond rhetoric to action?The Lancet Regional Health - Southeast Asia 3 (2022), 100029. https://doi.org/10.1016/j

[2]

Max V. Birk, Maximillian A. Friehs, and Regan L. Mandryk. 2017. Age-based preferences and player experience: A crowdsourced cross-sectional study. In CHI PLAY 2017 - Proceedings of the Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play. Association for Computing Machinery, Inc, 157–170. https://doi.org/10.1145/3116595.3116608

Digital Library

[3]

Konrad Bochennek, Boris Wittekindt, Stefanie Yvonne Zimmermann, and Thomas Klingebiel. 2007. More than mere games: A review of card and board games for medical education. https://doi.org/10.1080/01421590701749813

[4]

Franz Faul, Edgar Erdfelder, Albert Georg Lang, and Axel Buchner. 2007. G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. In Behavior Research Methods, Vol. 39. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146

[5]

Jordan Frith. 2013. Turning life into a game: Foursquare, gamification, and personal mobility. Mobile Media and Communication 1, 2 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1177/2050157912474811

[6]

Anthony D. Harris and et.al.2006. The use and interpretation of quasi-experimental studies in medical informatics. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 13, 1 (1 2006), 16–23. https://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.M1749

[7]

Rebecca A. Heidkamp, Ellen Piwoz, Stuart Gillespie, Emily C. Keats, Mary R. D’Alimonte, Purnima Menon, Jai K. Das, Augustin Flory, Jack W. Clift, Marie T. Ruel, Stephen Vosti, Jonathan Kweku Akuoku, and Zulfiqar A. Bhutta. 2021. Mobilising evidence, data, and resources to achieve global maternal and child undernutrition targets and the Sustainable Development Goals: an agenda for action. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00568-7

[8]

Indian Institute Population Sciences and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. 2021. National Family Health Survey-5 India Fact Sheet. Indian Institute Population Sciences and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (2021). http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_NFHS-5.shtml

[9]

Dennis L. Kappen, Lennart E. Nacke, Kathrin M. Gerling, and Lia E. Tsotsos. 2016. Design strategies for gamified physical activity applications for older adults. In Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Vol. 2016-March. IEEE Computer Society, 1309–1318. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2016.166

Digital Library

[10]

Jonna Koivisto and Juho Hamari. 2019. The rise of motivational information systems: A review of gamification research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.10.013

Digital Library

[11]

Arka Majhi, Satish Agnihotri, and Aparajita Mondal. 2022. Physical and Augmented Reality based Playful Activities for Refresher Training of ASHA Workers in India. In Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1145/3516492.3558788

Digital Library

[12]

Arka Majhi, Anirudha Joshi, Satish B. Agnihotri, and Aparajita Mondal. 2021. Refresher Training through Quiz App for capacity building of Community Healthcare Workers or Anganwadi Workers in India. In 5th Asian CHI Symposium 2021. https://doi.org/10.1145/3429360.3468186

Digital Library

[13]

Arka Majhi, Aparajita Mondal, and Satish B Agnihotri. 2024. Refresher Training through Digital and Physical, Card-Based Game for Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) and Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) in India. Companion Proceedings of the Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play (CHI PLAY Companion ’24), October 14-17, 2024, Tampere, Finland 1 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1145/3665463.3678819

Digital Library

[14]

Arka Majhi, Aparajita Mondal, and Satish B. Agnihotri. 2024. Replay, Revise, and Refresh: Smartphone-Based Refresher Training for Community Healthcare Workers in India. 310–320. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-61966-3_34

[15]

Sujata Mishra, Susan Horton, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, and Beverley M. Essue. 2024. Association between the use of Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) services and uptake of institutional deliveries in India. PLOS Global Public Health 4, 1 (1 2024), e0002651. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002651

[16]

Mithilesh P. Shah, Pawan A. Kamble, and Satish B. Agnihotri. 2017. Tackling child malnutrition: An innovative approach for training health workers using ICT: A pilot study. In IEEE Region 10 Humanitarian Technology Conference 2016, R10-HTC 2016 - Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1109/R10-HTC.2016.7906811

[17]

Steffen P. Walz and Sebastian Deterding. 2018. An Introduction to the Gameful World. In The Gameful World. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9788.003.0001

[18]

World Medical Association. 2013. WMA Declaration of Helsinki - Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects. Technical Report. https://www.med.or.jp/dl-med/wma/helsinki2013e.pdf

[19]

John Zimmerman, Jodi Forlizzi, and Shelley Evenson. 2007. Research through design as a method for interaction design research in HCI. In Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1145/1240624.1240704

Digital Library

Cited By

Majhi AMondal AAgnihotri S(2024)Refresher Training through Digital and Physical, Card-Based Game for Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) and Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) in IndiaCompanion Proceedings of the 2024 Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play10.1145/3665463.3678819(175-180)Online publication date: 14-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3665463.3678819

Index Terms

Mapping Child Malnutrition and Measuring Efficiency of Community Healthcare Workers through Location Based Games in India
1. Human-centered computing
  1. Human computer interaction (HCI)
    1. HCI design and evaluation methods
      1. Field studies

Recommendations

Refresher Training through Digital and Physical, Card-Based Game for Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) and Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) in India
CHI PLAY Companion '24: Companion Proceedings of the 2024 Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play

India’s recent health surveys have highlighted a worrying trend of incomplete child immunization rates across several district clusters in India. Conventional training methods for community healthcare workers (CHWs) in India are inadequate for improving ...
Physical and Augmented Reality based Playful Activities for Refresher Training of ASHA Workers in India
Asian HCI '22: Proceedings of the Asian HCI Symposium 2022

Recent health surveys in India highlight the alarming child malnutrition levels and lower rates of complete child immunization in many parts of India. Previous researches report that the conventional training pedagogy of the CHWs (Community Healthcare ...
Illustrating the Gaps and Needs in the Training Support of Community Health Workers in India
CHI '21: Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

In India and other developing countries, Community Health Workers (CHWs) provide the first line of care in delivering necessary maternal and child health services. In this work, we assess the training and skill-building needs of CHWs, through a mobile-...

Comments

Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

Information & Contributors

Information

Published In

cover image ACM Conferences

GoodIT '24: Proceedings of the 2024 International Conference on Information Technology for Social Good

September 2024

481 pages

ISBN:9798400710940

DOI:10.1145/3677525

Copyright © 2024 Owner/Author.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 License.

Sponsors

SIGCAS: ACM Special Interest Group on Computers and Society

Publisher

Association for Computing Machinery

New York, NY, United States

Publication History

Published: 04 September 2024

Check for updates

Author Tags

Qualifiers

Research-article
Research
Refereed limited

Conference

GoodIT '24

Sponsor:

SIGCAS

GoodIT '24: International Conference on Information Technology for Social Good

September 4 - 6, 2024

Bremen, Germany

Contributors

Other Metrics

View Article Metrics

Bibliometrics & Citations

Bibliometrics

Article Metrics

1
Total Citations
View Citations
79
Total Downloads

Downloads (Last 12 months)79
Downloads (Last 6 weeks)44

Reflects downloads up to 12 Nov 2024

Other Metrics

View Author Metrics

Citations

Cited By

Majhi AMondal AAgnihotri S(2024)Refresher Training through Digital and Physical, Card-Based Game for Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) and Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) in IndiaCompanion Proceedings of the 2024 Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play10.1145/3665463.3678819(175-180)Online publication date: 14-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3665463.3678819

View Options

View options

PDF

View or Download as a PDF file.

eReader

View online with eReader.

HTML Format

View this article in HTML Format.

Get Access

Login options

Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.

Full Access

Get this Publication

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

View Table of Contents