Cited By
View all- Erdemli M(2024)Designing an Inclusive Audiovisual Tool for Museum ExplorationComputers Helping People with Special Needs10.1007/978-3-031-62846-7_54(454-461)Online publication date: 8-Jul-2024
Understanding Blind and Low Vision Users' Attitudes Towards Spatial Interactions in Desktop Screen Readers
Authors: 
Arnavi Chheda-Kothary, David A Rios, Kynnedy Simone Smith, Avery Reyna, Cecilia Zhang, 
Brian A. SmithAuthors Info & Claims
Article No.: 83, Pages 1 - 5
Abstract
Desktop screen readers as a web navigation mechanism for BLV users are tedious and frozen in time, especially in the face of richer ways of presenting spatial information such as tactile and touchscreen devices. In our work, we consider what it means to create and evaluate systems that can present a similarly rich, spatial interaction mechanism plugged into existing screen reader paradigms. We present a formative study conducted with SpaceNav, a custom screen reader that utilizes spatial input and output to navigate two different web applications. We present results from this study, and discuss a new browser extension we are implementing based on our formative study feedback to more robustly test spatial interactions in the context of real world websites. To close, we describe our goals for evaluating the new web extension in a future study.
References
[1]
Dragan Ahmetovic, Nahyun Kwon, Uran Oh, Cristian Bernareggi, and Sergio Mascetti. 2021. Touch Screen Exploration of Visual Artwork for Blind People. In Proceedings of the Web Conference 2021 (Ljubljana, Slovenia) (WWW ’21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 2781–2791. https://doi.org/10.1145/3442381.3449871
[2]
Apple. Retrieved June 2022. Use VoiceOver positional audio on Mac. https://support.apple.com/guide/voiceover/use-positional-audio-vo14105/mac
[3]
Apple. Retrieved September 2022. Learn VoiceOver gestures on iPhone. https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/learn-voiceover-gestures-iph3e2e2281/ios
[4]
Mauro Avila, Francisco Kiss, Ismael Rodriguez, Albrecht Schmidt, and Tonja Machulla. 2018. Tactile Sheets: Using Engraved Paper Overlays to Facilitate Access to a Digital Document’s Layout and Logical Structure. In Proceedings of the 11th PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments Conference. ACM, Corfu Greece, 165–169. https://doi.org/10.1145/3197768.3201530
[5]
Mark S. Baldwin, Gillian R. Hayes, Oliver L. Haimson, Jennifer Mankoff, and Scott E. Hudson. 2017. The Tangible Desktop: A Multimodal Approach to Nonvisual Computing. ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing 10, 3 (Aug. 2017), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1145/3075222
[6]
Braille Authority of North America. 2010. Guidelines and Standards for Tactile Graphics.
[7]
Stephen Brewster, Joanna Lumsden, Marek Bell, Malcolm Hall, and Stuart Tasker. 2003. Multimodal ’eyes-Free’ Interaction Techniques for Wearable Devices. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA) (CHI ’03). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 473–480. https://doi.org/10.1145/642611.642694
[8]
Anke M. Brock, Philippe Truillet, Bernard Oriola, Delphine Picard, and Christophe Jouffrais. 2015. Interactivity Improves Usability of Geographic Maps for Visually Impaired People. Human–Computer Interaction 30, 2 (March 2015), 156–194. https://doi.org/10.1080/07370024.2014.924412
[9]
Erin Buehler, Shaun K. Kane, and Amy Hurst. 2014. ABC and 3D: Opportunities and Obstacles to 3D Printing in Special Education Environments. In Proceedings of the 16th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers & Accessibility - ASSETS ’14. ACM Press, Rochester, New York, USA, 107–114. https://doi.org/10.1145/2661334.2661365
[10]
Matthew Butler, Leona M Holloway, Samuel Reinders, Cagatay Goncu, and Kim Marriott. 2021. Technology Developments in Touch-Based Accessible Graphics: A Systematic Review of Research 2010-2020. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(CHI ’21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 278. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445207
[11]
Simon Carlile, Philip Leong, and Stephanie Hyams. 1997. The Nature and Distribution of Errors in Sound Localization by Human Listeners. Hear. Res. 114 (June 1997), 179–196. https://doi.org/10.1080/001401300404760
[12]
Ruei-Che Chang, Chao-Hsien Ting, Chia-Sheng Hung, Wan-Chen Lee, Liang-Jin Chen, Yu-Tzu Chao, Bing-Yu Chen, and Anhong Guo. 2022. OmniScribe: Authoring Immersive Audio Descriptions for 360° Videos. In UIST ’22: The 35th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. ACM, Bend, Oregon, USA.
[13]
Josh Urban Davis, Te-Yen Wu, Bo Shi, Hanyi Lu, Athina Panotopoulou, Emily Whiting, and Xing-Dong Yang. 2020. TangibleCircuits: An Interactive 3D Printed Circuit Education Tool for People with Visual Impairments. In Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, Honolulu HI USA, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376513
[14]
Deque University. Retrieved July 2022. NVDA Keyboard Shortcuts. https://dequeuniversity.com/screenreaders/nvda-keyboard-shortcuts
[15]
Dot Inc. Retrieved June 2022. DotPad. https://pad.dotincorp.com/
[16]
Shaun K. Kane and Jeffrey P. Bigham. 2014. Tracking @stemxcomet: Teaching Programming to Blind Students via 3D Printing, Crisis Management, and Twitter. In Proceedings of the 45th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education. ACM, Atlanta Georgia USA, 247–252. https://doi.org/10.1145/2538862.2538975
[17]
Shaun K. Kane, Meredith Ringel Morris, and Jacob O. Wobbrock. 2013. Touchplates: Low-Cost Tactile Overlays for Visually Impaired Touch Screen Users. In Proceedings of the 15th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility. ACM, Bellevue Washington, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1145/2513383.2513442
[18]
Jaewook Lee, Jaylin Herskovitz, Yi-Hao Peng, and Anhong Guo. 2022. ImageExplorer: Multi-Layered Touch Exploration to Encourage Skepticism Towards Imperfect AI-Generated Image Captions. In Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (New Orleans, LA, USA) (CHI ’22). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 462, 15 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3501966
[19]
Jingyi Li, Son Kim, Joshua A. Miele, Maneesh Agrawala, and Sean Follmer. 2019. Editing Spatial Layouts through Tactile Templates for People with Visual Impairments. In Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Glasgow, Scotland Uk) (CHI ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300436
[20]
Carme Mangiron and Xiaochun Zhang. 2016. Game Accessibility for the Blind: Current Overview and the Potential Application of Audio Description as the Way Forward. In Researching Audio Description, Anna Matamala and Pilar Orero (Eds.). Palgrave Macmillan UK, London, 75–95. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-56917-2_5
[21]
Samantha McDonald, Joshua Dutterer, Ali Abdolrahmani, Shaun K. Kane, and Amy Hurst. 2014. Tactile Aids for Visually Impaired Graphical Design Education. In Proceedings of the 16th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers & Accessibility - ASSETS ’14. ACM Press, Rochester, New York, USA, 275–276. https://doi.org/10.1145/2661334.2661392
[22]
Meredith Ringel Morris, Jazette Johnson, Cynthia L. Bennett, and Edward Cutrell. 2018. Rich Representations of Visual Content for Screen Reader Users. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Montreal QC, Canada) (CHI ’18). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3173633
[23]
Vishnu Nair, Jay L Karp, Samuel Silverman, Mohar Kalra, Hollis Lehv, Faizan Jamil, and Brian A. Smith. 2021. NavStick: Making Video Games Blind-Accessible via the Ability to Look Around. In The 34th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology. ACM, Virtual Event USA, 538–551. https://doi.org/10.1145/3472749.3474768
[24]
Lena Norberg, Thomas Westin, Peter Mozelius, and Mats Wiklund. 2014. Web accessibility by Morse Code modulated haptics for deaf-blind. In 10th International Conference on Disability, Virtual Reality and Associated Technologies. Citeseer, 2–4.
[25]
Orbit Research. Retrieved August 2022. Graphiti Plus® – Interactive Tactile Graphics and Braille Computer. http://www.orbitresearch.com/product/graphiti-plus/
[26]
Venkatesh Potluri, Tadashi E Grindeland, Jon E. Froehlich, and Jennifer Mankoff. 2021. Examining Visual Semantic Understanding in Blind and Low-Vision Technology Users. In Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Yokohama, Japan) (CHI ’21). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 35, 14 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445040
[27]
Venkatesh Potluri, Liang He, Christine Chen, Jon E. Froehlich, and Jennifer Mankoff. 2019. A Multi-Modal Approach for Blind and Visually Impaired Developers to Edit Webpage Designs. In The 21st International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility (Pittsburgh, PA, USA) (ASSETS ’19). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 612–614. https://doi.org/10.1145/3308561.3354626
[28]
Denise Prescher, Jens Bornschein, Wiebke Köhlmann, and Gerhard Weber. 2018. Touching Graphical Applications: Bimanual Tactile Interaction on the HyperBraille Pin-Matrix Display. Universal Access in the Information Society 17, 2 (June 2018), 391–409. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-017-0538-8
[29]
Andreas Reichinger, Helena Garcia Carrizosa, Joanna Wood, Svenja Schröder, Christian Löw, Laura Rosalia Luidolt, Maria Schimkowitsch, Anton Fuhrmann, Stefan Maierhofer, and Werner Purgathofer. 2018. Pictures in Your Mind: Using Interactive Gesture-Controlled Reliefs to Explore Art. ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing 11, 1 (March 2018), 1–39. https://doi.org/10.1145/3155286
[30]
Andreas Reichinger, Stefan Maierhofer, and Werner Purgathofer. 2011. High-Quality Tactile Paintings. Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage 4, 2 (Nov. 2011), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1145/2037820.2037822
[31]
Andreas Reichinger, Moritz Neumüller, Florian Rist, Stefan Maierhofer, and Werner Purgathofer. 2012. Computer-Aided Design of Tactile Models. In Computers Helping People with Special Needs, David Hutchison, Takeo Kanade, Josef Kittler, Jon M. Kleinberg, Friedemann Mattern, John C. Mitchell, Moni Naor, Oscar Nierstrasz, C. Pandu Rangan, Bernhard Steffen, Madhu Sudan, Demetri Terzopoulos, Doug Tygar, Moshe Y. Vardi, Gerhard Weikum, Klaus Miesenberger, Arthur Karshmer, Petr Penaz, and Wolfgang Zagler (Eds.). Vol. 7383. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 497–504. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31534-3_73
[32]
Ashrith Shetty, Ebrima Jarjue, and Huaishu Peng. 2020. Tangible Web Layout Design for Blind and Visually Impaired People: An Initial Investigation. In Adjunct Publication of the 33rd Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (Virtual Event, USA) (UIST ’20 Adjunct). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 37–39. https://doi.org/10.1145/3379350.3416178
[33]
Brian A. Smith and Shree K. Nayar. 2018. The RAD: Making Racing Games Equivalently Accessible to People Who Are Blind. In Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI ’18. ACM Press, Montreal QC, Canada, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3174090
[34]
Tech-Ease. Retrieved August 2022. Enabling Audio Cues for NVDA. https://etc.usf.edu/techease/4all/vision/how-do-i-enable-audio-cues-for-nvda/
[35]
Ylona Chun Tie, Melanie Birks, and Karen Francis. 2019. Grounded theory research: A design framework for novice researchers. SAGE Open Medicine 7 (2019), 2050312118822927. https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312118822927 arXiv:https://doi.org/10.1177/2050312118822927PMID: 30637106.
[36]
Porcia Vaughn and Cherie Turner. 2016. Decoding via Coding: Analyzing Qualitative Text Data Through Thematic Coding and Survey Methodologies. Journal of Library Administration 56, 1 (2016), 41–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/01930826.2015.1105035 arXiv:https://doi.org/10.1080/01930826.2015.1105035
[37]
Steven Wall and Stephen Brewster. 2006. Feeling What You Hear: Tactile Feedback for Navigation of Audio Graphs. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Montréal, Québec, Canada) (CHI ’06). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 1123–1132. https://doi.org/10.1145/1124772.1124941
[38]
Tao Wang. 2018. Exploring the Potential of Using Spatial Audio to Improve Web Accessibility for Screen Reader Users. Ph. D. Dissertation. https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/exploring-potential-using-spatial-audio-improve/docview/2099611663/se-2 Copyright - Database copyright ProQuest LLC; ProQuest does not claim copyright in the individual underlying works; Last updated - 2021-05-26.
[39]
Tao Wang and David Redmiles. 2017. Auditory Overview of Web Pages for Screen Reader Users. In Adjunct Publication of the 30th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (Québec City, QC, Canada) (UIST ’17). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, 193–195. https://doi.org/10.1145/3131785.3131837
[40]
Suzette Wright. 2008. Guide to Designing Tactile Illustrations for Children’s Books. https://sites.aph.org/files/research/illustrations/.
[41]
Bei Yuan, Eelke Folmer, and Frederick C. Harris. 2011. Game Accessibility: A Survey. Universal Access in the Information Society 10, 1 (March 2011), 81–100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-010-0189-5
Index Terms
- Understanding Blind and Low Vision Users' Attitudes Towards Spatial Interactions in Desktop Screen Readers
Index terms have been assigned to the content through auto-classification.
Recommendations
Bridging Screen Readers and Voice Assistants for Enhanced Eyes-Free Web Search
WWW '19: The World Wide Web ConferencePeople with visual impairments often rely on screen readers when interacting with computer systems. Increasingly, these individuals also make extensive use of voice-based virtual assistants (VAs). We conducted a survey of 53 people who are legally blind ...
Making Tabletop Interaction Accessible for Blind Users
ITS '14: Proceedings of the Ninth ACM International Conference on Interactive Tabletops and SurfacesTabletop systems and their interaction capabilities are typically a domain for sighted people only. While the content on the tabletop can already be made accessible to blind people, the interaction above the tabletop is still inaccessible. This paper ...
Understanding Screen Readers’ Plugins
ASSETS '21: Proceedings of the 23rd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and AccessibilityScreen reader plugins are small pieces of code that blind users can download and install to enhance the capabilities of their screen readers. In this paper, we aim to understand the user experience of screen readers’ plugins, as well as their developers,...
Comments
Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.Information & Contributors
Information
Published In
October 2023
1163 pages
ISBN:9798400702204
DOI:10.1145/3597638
Copyright © 2023 Owner/Author.
Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the Owner/Author.
Sponsors
Publisher
Association for Computing Machinery
New York, NY, United States
Publication History
Published: 22 October 2023
Check for updates
Author Tags
Qualifiers
- Poster
- Research
- Refereed limited
Conference
ASSETS '23
Sponsor:
ASSETS '23: The 25th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility
October 22 - 25, 2023
NY, New York, USA
Acceptance Rates
ASSETS '23 Paper Acceptance Rate 55 of 182 submissions, 30%;
Overall Acceptance Rate 436 of 1,556 submissions, 28%
Contributors
Other Metrics
Bibliometrics & Citations
Bibliometrics
Article Metrics
- View Citations1Total Citations
- 182Total Downloads
- Downloads (Last 12 months)156
- Downloads (Last 6 weeks)18
Reflects downloads up to 26 Nov 2024
Other Metrics
Citations
Cited By
View all- Erdemli M(2024)Designing an Inclusive Audiovisual Tool for Museum ExplorationComputers Helping People with Special Needs10.1007/978-3-031-62846-7_54(454-461)Online publication date: 8-Jul-2024
View Options
Login options
Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution to get full access on this article.
Sign inFull Access
View options
View or Download as a PDF file.
PDFeReader
View online with eReader.
eReaderHTML Format
View this article in HTML Format.
HTML Format