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Hate Raids on Twitch: Echoes of the Past, New Modalities, and Implications for Platform Governance

Authors:

Joseph Seering,

Jeffrey T. Hancock,

Zakir DurumericAuthors Info & Claims

Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Volume 7, Issue CSCW1

Article No.: 133, Pages 1 - 28

https://doi.org/10.1145/3579609

Published: 16 April 2023 Publication History

Abstract

In the summer of 2021, users on the livestreaming platform Twitch were targeted by a wave of "hate raids," a form of attack that overwhelms a streamer's chatroom with hateful messages, often through the use of bots and automation. Using a mixed-methods approach, we combine a quantitative measurement of attacks across the platform with interviews of streamers and third-party bot developers. We present evidence that confirms that some hate raids were highly-targeted, hate-driven attacks, but we also observe another mode of hate raid similar to networked harassment and specific forms of subcultural trolling. We show that the streamers who self-identify as LGBTQ+ and/or Black were disproportionately targeted and that hate raid messages were most commonly rooted in anti-Black racism and antisemitism. We also document how these attacks elicited rapid community responses in both bolstering reactive moderation and developing proactive mitigations for future attacks. We conclude by discussing how platforms can better prepare for attacks and protect at-risk communities while considering the division of labor between community moderators, tool-builders, and platforms.

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Cited By

Escobar-Lamanna J(2024)“You’ve Got to Put in the Time”: Neoliberal-Ableism and Disabled Streamers on TwitchSocieties10.3390/soc1406007514:6(75)Online publication date: 23-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14060075
Han CLi AKumar DDurumeric Z(2024)PressProtect: Helping Journalists Navigate Social Media in the Face of Online HarassmentProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36870488:CSCW2(1-34)Online publication date: 8-Nov-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3687048
Freeman GFrommel JMandryk RGugenheimer JLi LJohnson DAragon CAsif SBailey JBarkallah MBurger BCmentowski SHancock JHides LHu HHu YLi WPanchanadikar RSayadi NTebbe DWöhler LYou XZhang ZZytko DFarzan RLópez CCardoso Llach DQuercia DMustafa MNiu SWong-Villacrés M(2024)Understanding and Mitigating New Harms in Immersive and Embodied Virtual Spaces: A Speculative Dystopian Design Fiction ApproachCompanion Publication of the 2024 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing10.1145/3678884.3681865(288-295)Online publication date: 11-Nov-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3678884.3681865
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Index Terms

Hate Raids on Twitch: Echoes of the Past, New Modalities, and Implications for Platform Governance
1. Human-centered computing
  1. Collaborative and social computing
  2. Human computer interaction (HCI)
2. Security and privacy
  1. Human and societal aspects of security and privacy
    1. Social aspects of security and privacy

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cover image Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction

Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction Volume 7, Issue CSCW1

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April 2023

3836 pages

EISSN:2573-0142

DOI:10.1145/3593053

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Published: 16 April 2023

Published in PACMHCI Volume 7, Issue CSCW1

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Escobar-Lamanna J(2024)“You’ve Got to Put in the Time”: Neoliberal-Ableism and Disabled Streamers on TwitchSocieties10.3390/soc1406007514:6(75)Online publication date: 23-May-2024
https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14060075
Han CLi AKumar DDurumeric Z(2024)PressProtect: Helping Journalists Navigate Social Media in the Face of Online HarassmentProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36870488:CSCW2(1-34)Online publication date: 8-Nov-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3687048
Freeman GFrommel JMandryk RGugenheimer JLi LJohnson DAragon CAsif SBailey JBarkallah MBurger BCmentowski SHancock JHides LHu HHu YLi WPanchanadikar RSayadi NTebbe DWöhler LYou XZhang ZZytko DFarzan RLópez CCardoso Llach DQuercia DMustafa MNiu SWong-Villacrés M(2024)Understanding and Mitigating New Harms in Immersive and Embodied Virtual Spaces: A Speculative Dystopian Design Fiction ApproachCompanion Publication of the 2024 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing10.1145/3678884.3681865(288-295)Online publication date: 11-Nov-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3678884.3681865
Nguyen DMelcer EAdams D(2024)Exploring Gender and Racial/Ethnic Bias Against Video Game Streamers: Comparing Perceived Gameplay Skill and Viewer EngagementProceedings of the 19th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games10.1145/3649921.3650009(1-11)Online publication date: 21-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3649921.3650009
Kharazian ZStarbird KHill B(2024)Governance Capture in a Self-Governing Community: A Qualitative Comparison of the Croatian, Serbian, Bosnian, and Serbo-Croatian WikipediasProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36373388:CSCW1(1-26)Online publication date: 26-Apr-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3637338
Freeman GFrommel JMandryk RGugenheimer JLi LJohnson D(2024)Novel Approaches for Understanding and Mitigating Emerging New Harms in Immersive and Embodied Virtual Spaces: A Workshop at CHI 2024Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613905.3636288(1-7)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613905.3636288
Cai JLin YZhang HCarroll J(2024)Third-Party Developers and Tool Development For Community Management on Live Streaming Platform TwitchProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642787(1-18)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613904.3642787
Lyu YCai JCallis ACotter KCarroll J(2024)"I Got Flagged for Supposed Bullying, Even Though It Was in Response to Someone Harassing Me About My Disability.": A Study of Blind TikTokers’ Content Moderation ExperiencesProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642148(1-15)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
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Heung SJiang LAzenkot SVashistha A(2024)“Vulnerable, Victimized, and Objectified”: Understanding Ableist Hate and Harassment Experienced by Disabled Content Creators on Social MediaProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3641949(1-19)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613904.3641949
Meisner C(2023)Networked Responses to Networked Harassment? Creators’ Coordinated Management of “Hate Raids” on TwitchSocial Media + Society10.1177/205630512311796969:2Online publication date: 6-Jun-2023
https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051231179696

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