research-article

Evaluating Difficulty Adjustments in a VR Exergame for Younger and Older Adults: Transferabilities and Differences

Authors:

Sukran Karaosmanoglu,

Sebastian Rings,

Frank SteinickeAuthors Info & Claims

SUI '22: Proceedings of the 2022 ACM Symposium on Spatial User Interaction

Article No.: 7, Pages 1 - 11

https://doi.org/10.1145/3565970.3567684

Published: 01 December 2022 Publication History

Abstract

Virtual reality (VR) exergames have the potential to train cognitive and physical abilities. However, most of these spatial games are developed for younger users and do not consider older adults with different design requirements. Yet, to be entertaining and efficient, the difficulty of games has to match the needs of players with different abilities. In this paper, we explore the effects of individually calibrating a starting difficulty and adjusting it: i) exactly as calibrated before, ii) 50% more difficult, and iii) 50% less difficult. In a user study, we compare the effects of using these adjustments on reaction times and subjective measures on younger (n=30) and older adults (n=9). The results show that most of the users prefer a faster-paced VR game in terms of enjoyment, but this also resulted in a higher perceived workload. Compared to the younger adults, the older adults rated the game more positive in terms of higher enjoyment and eagerness to play the game again, as well as lower perceived workload. This emphasizes the need for games to be designed for the user group they are intended for; both in terms of cognitive-physical difficulty and game content. Furthermore, we reflect on the transferability of the results obtained from testing with the younger adults and highlight their potential, especially for identifying suggestions and issues with the gameplay.

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Cited By

Hadi Mogavi RSon JYang SWang DChoong LAlhilal AZhou PHui PNacke L(2024)The Jade Gateway to Exergaming: How Socio-Cultural Factors Shape Exergaming Among East Asian Older AdultsProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36771068:CHI PLAY(1-34)Online publication date: 15-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3677106
Karaosmanoglu SWegner MCmentowski SSteinicke F(2024)Move, React, Repeat! The Role of Continuous Cues in Immersive ExergamesProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36770918:CHI PLAY(1-23)Online publication date: 15-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3677091
Küntzer LScherer MMentler TRock G(2024)Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment in Virtual Reality Exergaming to Regulate Exertion Levels via Heart Rate MonitoringProceedings of the 30th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology10.1145/3641825.3689504(1-2)Online publication date: 9-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3641825.3689504
Show More Cited By

Index Terms

Evaluating Difficulty Adjustments in a VR Exergame for Younger and Older Adults: Transferabilities and Differences
1. Applied computing
  1. Life and medical sciences
    1. Consumer health
2. Human-centered computing
  1. Accessibility
    1. Empirical studies in accessibility
  2. Human computer interaction (HCI)
    1. HCI design and evaluation methods
      1. User studies
    2. Interaction paradigms
      1. Virtual reality

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cover image ACM Conferences

SUI '22: Proceedings of the 2022 ACM Symposium on Spatial User Interaction

December 2022

233 pages

ISBN:9781450399487

DOI:10.1145/3565970

Editors:
Misha Sra
UC Santa Barbara, USA
,
Francisco Ortega
Colorado State University, USA
,
Thammathip Piumsomboon
University of Canterbury, New Zealand
,
Benjamin Weyers
University of Trier, Germany
,
Tabitha Peck
Davidson College, USA
,
Mayra Barrera
Dalhousie University, Canada
,
Anil Ufuk Batmaz
Kadir Has University, Turkey
,
Parinya Punpongsanon
Osaka University, Japan

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Published: 01 December 2022

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Cited By

Hadi Mogavi RSon JYang SWang DChoong LAlhilal AZhou PHui PNacke L(2024)The Jade Gateway to Exergaming: How Socio-Cultural Factors Shape Exergaming Among East Asian Older AdultsProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36771068:CHI PLAY(1-34)Online publication date: 15-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3677106
Karaosmanoglu SWegner MCmentowski SSteinicke F(2024)Move, React, Repeat! The Role of Continuous Cues in Immersive ExergamesProceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction10.1145/36770918:CHI PLAY(1-23)Online publication date: 15-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3677091
Küntzer LScherer MMentler TRock G(2024)Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment in Virtual Reality Exergaming to Regulate Exertion Levels via Heart Rate MonitoringProceedings of the 30th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology10.1145/3641825.3689504(1-2)Online publication date: 9-Oct-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3641825.3689504
Li XRen XSuzuki XYamaji NFung KGondo Y(2024)Designing a Multisensory VR Game Prototype for Older Adults - the Acceptability and Design ImplicationsProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642948(1-18)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613904.3642948
Du QSong ZJiang HWei XWeng DFan M(2024)LightSword: A Customized Virtual Reality Exergame for Long-Term Cognitive Inhibition Training in Older AdultsProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642187(1-17)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613904.3642187
Karaosmanoglu SCmentowski SNacke LSteinicke F(2024)Born to Run, Programmed to Play: Mapping the Extended Reality Exergames LandscapeProceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems10.1145/3613904.3642124(1-28)Online publication date: 11-May-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3613904.3642124
Han RLee BTowey DYao YPike M(2024)Exploring Emotional Responses with Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment Adaptation in Immersive Virtual Reality Exergaming2024 IEEE 48th Annual Computers, Software, and Applications Conference (COMPSAC)10.1109/COMPSAC61105.2024.00089(621-627)Online publication date: 2-Jul-2024
https://doi.org/10.1109/COMPSAC61105.2024.00089
Deng CHoffman JHadi Mogavi RSon JYang SHui P(2024)Which Exergame Is Better for Older Adults? an Exploratory Study on User Perspectives of Virtual Reality, Exercube, and 2D ExergamesHCI in Games10.1007/978-3-031-60695-3_11(161-176)Online publication date: 29-Jun-2024
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1007/978-3-031-60695-3_11
Rings SSchmidt SSchmelter TBrosius MSteinicke F(2023)Gaze Assistance for Older Adults during Throwing in Virtual Reality and its Effects on Performance and MotivationProceedings of the 29th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology10.1145/3611659.3615706(1-11)Online publication date: 9-Oct-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3611659.3615706
Oberfrank LKruse LSteinicke F(2023)Sphere Saber: A Virtual Reality Exergame to Study Age-Related Differences in Selective Visual Attention and Information ProcessingProceedings of the 2023 ACM Symposium on Spatial User Interaction10.1145/3607822.3614534(1-10)Online publication date: 13-Oct-2023
https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3607822.3614534
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