Nothing Special   »   [go: up one dir, main page]

skip to main content
10.1145/3427921.3450251acmconferencesArticle/Chapter ViewAbstractPublication PagesicpeConference Proceedingsconference-collections
research-article

QN-based Modeling and Analysis of Software Performance Antipatterns for Cyber-Physical Systems

Published: 09 April 2021 Publication History

Abstract

Identifying performance problems in modern software systems is nontrivial, even more so when looking at specific application domains, such as cyber-physical systems. The heterogeneity of software and hardware components makes the process of performance evaluation more challenging, and traditional software performance engineering techniques may fail while dealing with interacting and heterogeneous components. The goal of this paper is to introduce a model-based approach to understand software performance problems in cyber-physical systems. In our previous work, we listed some common bad practices, namely software performance antipatterns, that may occur. Here we are interested in shedding light on these antipatterns by means of performance models, i.e., queuing network models, that provide evidence of how antipatterns may affect the overall system performance. Starting from the specification of three software performance antipatterns tailored for cyber-physical systems, we provide the queuing network models capturing the corresponding bad practices. The analysis of these models demonstrates their usefulness in recognizing performance problems early in the software development process. This way, performance engineers are supported in the task of detecting and fixing the performance criticalities.

References

[1]
Aldeida Aleti, Barbora Buhnova, Lars Grunske, Anne Koziolek, and Indika Meedeniya. 2013. Software Architecture Optimization Methods: A Systematic Literature Review. IEEE Trans. Software Eng., Vol. 39, 5 (2013), 658--683.
[2]
Steffen Becker, Heiko Koziolek, and Ralf Reussner. 2009. The Palladio Component Model for Model-driven Performance Prediction. Journal of Systems and Software, Vol. 82, 1 (2009), 3--22.
[3]
Marco Bertoli, Giuliano Casale, and Giuseppe Serazzi. 2009. JMT: performance engineering tools for system modeling. SIGMETRICS Perform. Eval. Rev., Vol. 36, 4 (2009), 10--15.
[4]
André B Bondi. 2015. Foundations of software and system performance engineering: process, performance modeling, requirements, testing, scalability, and practice .Pearson Education.
[5]
Tomás Bures, Vladimir Matena, Raffaela Mirandola, Lorenzo Pagliari, and Catia Trubiani. 2018. Performance Modelling of Smart Cyber-Physical Systems. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Performance Engineering (ICPE). 37--40.
[6]
Radu Calinescu, Vittorio Cortellessa, Ioannis Stefanakos, and Catia Trubiani. 2020. Analysis and Refactoring of Software Systems Using Performance Antipattern Profiles. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering (FASE). 357--377.
[7]
Chen Chen, Xiaomin Liu, Tie Qiu, and Arun Kumar Sangaiah. 2020. A short-term traffic prediction model in the vehicular cyber--physical systems. Future Generation Computer Systems, Vol. 105 (2020), 894--903.
[8]
Andrea Ciancone, Mauro Luigi Drago, Antonio Filieri, Vincenzo Grassi, Heiko Koziolek, and Raffaela Mirandola. 2014. The KlaperSuite framework for model-driven reliability analysis of component-based systems. Software and System Modeling, Vol. 13, 4 (2014), 1269--1290.
[9]
Vittorio Cortellessa, Antinisca Di Marco, and Paola Inverardi. 2011. Model-Based Software Performance Analysis. Springer.
[10]
Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen. 2002. The Design of Rijndael .Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Secaucus, NJ, USA.
[11]
Daniel Feitosa, Apostolos Ampatzoglou, Paris Avgeriou, Alexander Chatzigeorgiou, and Elisa Yumi Nakagawa. 2019. What can violations of good practices tell about the relationship between GoF patterns and run-time quality attributes? Inf. Softw. Technol., Vol. 105 (2019), 1--16.
[12]
Allan Edgard Silva Freitas and Romildo Martins da Silva Bezerra. 2015. Performance Evaluation of Cyber-Physical Systems. ICIC Express Letters, Vol. 10, 2 (2015).
[13]
Peter Fritzson, Peter Aronsson, Adrian Pop, Hakan Lundvall, Kaj Nystrom, Levon Saldamli, David Broman, and Anders Sandholm. 2006. OpenModelica-A free open-source environment for system modeling, simulation, and teaching. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Control Applications (ICoCTA). 1588--1595.
[14]
Matthias Galster and Paris Avgeriou. 2012. Qualitative Analysis of the Impact of SOA Patterns on Quality Attributes. In Proceedings of International Conference on Quality Software (QSIC). 167--170.
[15]
Abel Gómez, Connie U Smith, Amy Spellmann, and Jordi Cabot. 2018. Enabling performance modeling for the masses: Initial experiences. In Proceedings of the International Conference on System Analysis and Modeling (SAM). 105--126.
[16]
Mark Harman and Peter W. O'Hearn. 2018. From Start-ups to Scale-ups: Opportunities and Open Problems for Static and Dynamic Program Analysis. In Proceedings of the International Working Conference on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation (SCAM). 1--23.
[17]
Geoffrey Hecht, Benjamin Jose-Scheidt, Clement De Figueiredo, Naouel Moha, and Foutse Khomh. 2014. An Empirical Study of the Impact of Cloud Patterns on Quality of Service (QoS). In Proceedings of International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science (CloudCom). 278--283.
[18]
Christian Heinzemann, Steffen Becker, and Andreas Volk. 2019. Transactional execution of hierarchical reconfigurations in cyber-physical systems. Softw. Syst. Model., Vol. 18, 1 (2019), 157--189.
[19]
Nikolaus Huber, Fabian Brosig, Simon Spinner, Samuel Kounev, and Manuel B"a hr. 2017. Model-Based Self-Aware Performance and Resource Management Using the Descartes Modeling Language. IEEE Trans. Software Eng., Vol. 43, 5 (2017), 432--452.
[20]
Kim Guldstrand Larsen. 2017. Validation, Synthesis and Optimization for Cyber-Physical Systems. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems (TACAS), Vol. 10205. 3--20.
[21]
E. D. Lazowska, J. Zahorjan, G. Scott Graham, and K. C. Sevcik. 1984. Computer System Analysis Using Queueing Network Models .Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs.
[22]
Giovanni Liboni, Julien Deantoni, Antonio Portaluri, Davide Quaglia, and Robert De Simone. 2018. Beyond time-triggered co-simulation of cyber-physical systems for performance and accuracy improvements. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Rapid Simulation and Performance Evaluation: Methods and Tools (RAPIDO). 1--8.
[23]
An-Yang Lu and Guang-Hong Yang. 2020. Stability Analysis for Cyber-Physical Systems Under Denial-of-Service Attacks. IEEE Trans. on Cybernetics (2020), 1--10.
[24]
Yilin Mo and Bruno Sinopoli. 2016. On the Performance Degradation of Cyber-Physical Systems Under Stealthy Integrity Attacks. IEEE Trans. Automat. Contr., Vol. 61, 9 (2016), 2618--2624.
[25]
Naouel Moha, Yann-Gael Gueheneuc, Laurence Duchien, and Anne-Francoise Le Meur. 2009. Decor: A method for the specification and detection of code and design smells. IEEE Trans. Software Eng., Vol. 36, 1 (2009), 20--36.
[26]
Pierluigi Nuzzo, Jiwei Li, Alberto L. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, Yugeng Xi, and Dewei Li. 2019. Stochastic Assume-Guarantee Contracts for Cyber-Physical System Design. ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst., Vol. 18, 1 (2019), 2:1--2:26.
[27]
Trevor Parsons and John Murphy. 2008. Detecting Performance Antipatterns in Component Based Enterprise Systems. J. Object Technol., Vol. 7, 3 (2008), 55--91.
[28]
Dorina C. Petriu, Mohammad Alhaj, and Rasha Tawhid. 2012. Software Performance Modeling. In Formal Methods for Model-Driven Engineering - International School on Formal Methods for the Design of Computer, Communication, and Software Systems SFM (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol. 7320). Springer, 219--262.
[29]
C.U. Smith and L.G. Williams. 2002 a. Performance Solutions: A Practical Guide to Creating Responsive, Scalable Software .Addison-Wesley.
[30]
Connie U. Smith. 2020. Software Performance Antipatterns in Cyber-Physical Systems. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Performance Engineering (ICPE). 173--180.
[31]
Connie U Smith, Catalina M Lladó, and Ramon Puigjaner. 2010. Performance Model Interchange Format (PMIF 2): A comprehensive approach to queueing network model interoperability. Performance Evaluation, Vol. 67, 7 (2010), 548--568.
[32]
Connie U. Smith and Amy Spellmann. 2017. Automated Performance Modeling for IoT Systems. In L&S Computer Technology, Inc. https://bit.ly/3jNeocC
[33]
Connie U Smith and Lloyd G Williams. 2000. Software performance antipatterns. In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Software and Performance (WOSP). 127--136.
[34]
Connie U Smith and Lloyd G Williams. 2002 b. New software performance antipatterns: More ways to shoot yourself in the foot. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Measurement Group (CMG). 667--674.
[35]
Connie U Smith and Lloyd G Williams. 2003. More new software performance antipatterns: Even more ways to shoot yourself in the foot. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Measurement Group (CMG). 717--725.
[36]
Jonette M Stecklein, Jim Dabney, Brandon Dick, Bill Haskins, Randy Lovell, and Gregory Moroney. 2004. Error cost escalation through the project life cycle. NASA Technical Report (2004).
[37]
Ashraf Tantawy, Sherif Abdelwahed, Abdelkarim Erradi, and Khaled Shaban. 2020. Model-based risk assessment for cyber physical systems security. Computers & Security, Vol. 96 (2020), 101864.
[38]
Catia Trubiani, Alexander Bran, André van Hoorn, Alberto Avritzer, and Holger Knoche. 2018. Exploiting load testing and profiling for Performance Antipattern Detection. Inf. Softw. Technol., Vol. 95 (2018), 329--345.
[39]
Bhuvan Urgaonkar, Giovanni Pacifici, Prashant Shenoy, Mike Spreitzer, and Asser Tantawi. 2005. An analytical model for multi-tier internet services and its applications. ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review, Vol. 33, 1 (2005), 291--302.
[40]
Alexander Wert, Jens Happe, and Lucia Happe. 2013. Supporting swift reaction: automatically uncovering performance problems by systematic experiments. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE). 552--561.
[41]
C. Murray Woodside, Dorina C. Petriu, Dorin Bogdan Petriu, Hui Shen, Toqeer Israr, and José Merseguer. 2005. Performance by unified model analysis (PUMA). In Proceedings of the International Workshop on Software and Performance, (WOSP). 1--12.
[42]
Zhiyan Xu, Debiao He, Huaqun Wang, Pandi Vijayakumar, and Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo. 2020. A novel proxy-oriented public auditing scheme for cloud-based medical cyber physical systems. Journal of Information Security and Applications, Vol. 51 (2020), 102453.
[43]
Ti-Yen Yen and Wayne Wolf. 1998. Performance estimation for real-time distributed embedded systems. IEEE Trans. on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol. 9, 11 (1998), 1125--1136.
[44]
Heng Zhang, Yuanchao Shu, Peng Cheng, and Jiming Chen. 2016. Privacy and performance trade-off in cyber-physical systems. IEEE Network, Vol. 30, 2 (2016).
[45]
Zhenkai Zhang, Emeka Eyisi, Xenofon Koutsoukos, Joseph Porter, Gabor Karsai, and Janos Sztipanovits. 2014. A co-simulation framework for design of time-triggered automotive cyber physical systems. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, Vol. 43 (2014), 16--33.
[46]
Zhenkai Zhang, Joseph Porter, Emeka Eyisi, Gabor Karsai, Xenofon Koutsoukos, and Janos Sztipanovits. 2013. Co-simulation framework for design of time-triggered cyber physical systems. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems (ICCPS). 119--128.

Cited By

View all
  • (2023)Modeling more software performance antipatterns in cyber-physical systemsSoftware and Systems Modeling10.1007/s10270-023-01137-x23:4(1003-1023)Online publication date: 20-Dec-2023
  • (2022)Scalability testing automation using multivariate characterization and detection of software performance antipatternsJournal of Systems and Software10.1016/j.jss.2022.111446193:COnline publication date: 1-Nov-2022
  • (2022)On Model-Based Performance Analysis of Collective Adaptive SystemsLeveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation. Adaptation and Learning10.1007/978-3-031-19759-8_17(266-282)Online publication date: 22-Oct-2022
  • Show More Cited By

Index Terms

  1. QN-based Modeling and Analysis of Software Performance Antipatterns for Cyber-Physical Systems

        Recommendations

        Comments

        Please enable JavaScript to view thecomments powered by Disqus.

        Information & Contributors

        Information

        Published In

        cover image ACM Conferences
        ICPE '21: Proceedings of the ACM/SPEC International Conference on Performance Engineering
        April 2021
        301 pages
        ISBN:9781450381949
        DOI:10.1145/3427921
        Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than ACM must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from [email protected]

        Sponsors

        Publisher

        Association for Computing Machinery

        New York, NY, United States

        Publication History

        Published: 09 April 2021

        Permissions

        Request permissions for this article.

        Check for updates

        Badges

        Author Tags

        1. cyber-physical systems
        2. queuing networks
        3. software performance antipatterns

        Qualifiers

        • Research-article

        Funding Sources

        • MIUR PRIN project SEDUCE

        Conference

        ICPE '21

        Acceptance Rates

        ICPE '21 Paper Acceptance Rate 16 of 61 submissions, 26%;
        Overall Acceptance Rate 252 of 851 submissions, 30%

        Contributors

        Other Metrics

        Bibliometrics & Citations

        Bibliometrics

        Article Metrics

        • Downloads (Last 12 months)23
        • Downloads (Last 6 weeks)1
        Reflects downloads up to 20 Nov 2024

        Other Metrics

        Citations

        Cited By

        View all
        • (2023)Modeling more software performance antipatterns in cyber-physical systemsSoftware and Systems Modeling10.1007/s10270-023-01137-x23:4(1003-1023)Online publication date: 20-Dec-2023
        • (2022)Scalability testing automation using multivariate characterization and detection of software performance antipatternsJournal of Systems and Software10.1016/j.jss.2022.111446193:COnline publication date: 1-Nov-2022
        • (2022)On Model-Based Performance Analysis of Collective Adaptive SystemsLeveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation. Adaptation and Learning10.1007/978-3-031-19759-8_17(266-282)Online publication date: 22-Oct-2022
        • (undefined)The Slow and the Furious? Performance Antipattern Detection in Cyber-Physical SystemsSSRN Electronic Journal10.2139/ssrn.4185426

        View Options

        Login options

        View options

        PDF

        View or Download as a PDF file.

        PDF

        eReader

        View online with eReader.

        eReader

        Media

        Figures

        Other

        Tables

        Share

        Share

        Share this Publication link

        Share on social media